Lighting of Microgreens and Bedding Plant Plugs. Two Major Studies

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Kimberly Oliver
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University 1 University of Tennessee 2 USDA-ARS 3 Two Major Studies Study 1 Mirogreens Study 2 -

1 Comparison of Light Qualities and DLI for Solesoure Lighting of Mirogreens and Bedding Plant Plugs Joshua Craver 1, Joshua Gerova 1, Dean Kopsell 2, Jennifer Boldt 3, and Roberto Lopez 1 Purdue University 1 University of Tennessee 2 USDA-ARS 3 Two Major Studies Study 1 Mirogreens Study 2 - Bedding plant plugs Both studies looking at sole-soure lighting using LEDs Quality (olor or distribution) Quantity (DLI)

Quantify the effets of sole-soure (SS) LED lighting providing different light

2 Bakground Vegetables and herbs onsumed at young stage (first set of true leaves) Food enhanement Color Flavor Texture Health promoting High market value Objetive Quantify the effets of sole-soure (SS) LED lighting providing different light intensities and qualities on: growth, morphology, and nutritional ontent of Brassia mirogreens

50/60% day/night relative humidity 500 ppm CO 2 Substrate and Fertilization Polyethylene terephthalate fiber

3 Plant Material Brassia oleraea var. gongylodes (kohlrabi) Brassia junea (mustard) Brassia rapa spp. nipposinia (mizuna) Walk-in Environmental Chamber 16-h photoperiod 70/63 F (21/17 C) day/night (16 h/8 h) 50/60% day/night relative humidity 500 ppm CO 2 Substrate and Fertilization Polyethylene terephthalate fiber pad hydroponi tray 300 ml of a 25% Hoagland s #1 nutrient solution added to eah tray daily ****Piture here of mats Maddy just got in

4 Philips Green Power LED Prodution Modules Light qualities onsisting of (%): 87:13 red:blue = R:B 84:7:9 red:far-red:blue = R:FR:B 74:18:8 red:green:blue = R:W Daily light integral : 6 mol m 2 d 1 2 modules delivering 105 µmol m 2 s 1 12 mol m 2 d 1 4 modules delivering 210 µmol m 2 s 1 18 mol m 2 d 1 6 modules delivering 315 µmol m 2 s 1

5 Data olleted Hypootyl elongation Leaf area Dry weight Carotenoids Anthoyanin Phenolis Maro- and mironutrients Study repeated twie Results - Kohlrabi DLI (mol m 2 d 1 ) R:B R:FR:B R:W

6 Results - Kohlrabi Hypootyl length Derease with inreasing DLI Hypootyl length (mm) a b a b b d R:W R:B R:FR:B de e e Quality effet at low DLI Leaf area Derease with inreasing DLI Leaf area (m 2 ) a a a ab b b b b Daily light integral (mol m -2 d -1 ) Results - Kohlrabi Dry weight Inrease as the DLI inreases More total biomass but smaller leaf area Dry weight (%) lative hlorophyll ontent 12 R:G:B R:B 10 R:FR:B 8 d d b b b a a a 6 12 ab a 18 a ab bdaily a- b light integral b (mol m -2 d -1 )

7 Results - Kohlrabi Total anthoyanins Inrease as DLI inreases Lower levels under R:W and DLI of 18 Antagonisti effet of green light Reverse aumulation from blue light Total anthoyanins (mg/g) Total phenolis (mg/g) d R:W R:B RFR:B d d Daily light integral (mol m -2 d -1 ) b a ab Daily ab alight integral ab ab ab(mol m -2 d b ab -1 ) ab b Results - Brassia junea (mustard) DLI(mol m 2 d 1 ) R:B R:FR:B R:W

8 Energy Usage Light Quality (%) Daily light integral (mol m 2 d 1 ) Killowatt hours per day (kwh d -1 ) R:B 1.03 ± ± ± 0.05 R:W 1.02 ± ± ± 0.12 R:FR:B 1.03 ± ± ± 0.11 Conlusions Growth and Morphology Biomass prodution inreased under higher light intensities Leaf area dereased under higher light intensities Hypootyl length dereased as DLI inreased Inreased DLI led to inreased anthoyanin ontent Eletrial savings are greatest with low light intensities

Light Quality and Quantity from Sole-soure

9 Light Quality and Quantity from Sole-soure LEDs Influenes Growth and Subsequent Flowering of Bedding Plant Plugs Bakground Quality seedling Compat Stem aliper Dry mass Delay in flowering for some plants when produed under LED sole-soure red:blue lighting

10 Hypothesis and Objetives Hypothesis: Young LD plants grown under LED sole-soure lighting providing far-red (FR) light will flower earlier Objetives: Quantify effet of FR light on seedling quality and subsequent time to flower Quantify effet of DLI on seedling quality and subsequent time to flower Environment and Culture 70 º F (21 º C) onstant air temperature 70/80% day/night relative humidity (16 h/8 h) 16-h photoperiod 500 ppm CO ell plug tray Fertilized with 100 ppm N Jak s LX Plug Formula for High Alkalinity Water

Three light quality treatments R:B R:FR:B R:W Three DLI treatments 6 mol m 2 d 1 12mol m 2 d 1 18mol m 2 d 1 Seedlings evaluated at 14, 21, and 28 days Stem elongation

11 Three light quality treatments R:B R:FR:B R:W Three DLI treatments 6 mol m 2 d 1 12mol m 2 d 1 18mol m 2 d 1 Seedlings evaluated at 14, 21, and 28 days Stem elongation Stem aliper (SC) Leaf area Root, shoot and total dry mass (TDM) Root to shoot ratio (R:S) Sturdiness quotient (SQ; stem aliper / stem length) Quality index [TDM (R:S +SQ)]

Preliminary Results Pansy Stem Elongation (mm)

Light Integral (mol m 2 d 1 ) R:B R:FR:B R:W R:B

transplanted at 21 and 28 days Finishing environment

12 Preliminary Results Pansy Stem Elongation (mm) Inreasing DLI led to dereased stem elongation Daily Light Integral (mol m 2 d 1 ) R:B R:FR:B R:W R:B R:FR:B R:W R:B R:FR:B R:W 8.4 ab 9.0 a 8.9 a 7.2 ab 7.5 ab b 5.7 Seedling data olleted at 21 days Five seedlings transplanted at 21 and 28 days Finishing environment Photoperiod: 16-hr DLI of mol m 2 d 1 Air temperature: 68 º F (20 º C) Fertilized with 200 ppm N

Pansy Time to Flower R:FR:B flowered ~ 6 days earlier for High DLI R:FR:B flowered ~ 8 days

0 ab b ab 48 R:B 35.6 R:B:FR R:W 43.4 ab b ab 43.8 46.6 b 51.

elongation Inreased stem aliper Inreased root and shoot dry mass Light quality does not appear

13 Pansy Time to Flower R:FR:B flowered ~ 6 days earlier for High DLI R:FR:B flowered ~ 8 days earlier for Medium DLI DLI (mol m 2 d 1 ) Light Quality R:B R:FR:B R:W ab b ab 48 R:B 35.6 R:B:FR R:W 43.4 ab b ab b 51.6 ab ab a Preliminary Conlusions Higher quality plugs under higher DLIs Dereased stem elongation Inreased stem aliper Inreased root and shoot dry mass Light quality does not appear to have a signifiant effet within DLIs on plug quality Earlier flowering for some speies under R:FR:B LEDs with higher DLIs Results are still preliminary

14 Aknowledgments We also thank the USDA-SCRI, private hortiulture and lighting ompanies that support Purdue researh inluding: For More Information

2014 Plug & Cutting Conference 9/23/2014. Erik Runkle and Roberto Lopez. Presentation Outline. Propagation Environment.

2014 Plug & Cutting Conference 9/23/2014. Erik Runkle and Roberto Lopez. Presentation Outline. Propagation Environment. Impact & Management of Light & Temperature Erik S. Runkle Michigan State University Department of Horticulture Roberto G. Lopez Purdue University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Presentation