ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF Albizia lebbeck ON AGRICULTURAL CROPS

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1 ISSN (Online) Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. ():-7(April ) ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF Albizia lebbek ON AGRICULTURAL CROPS R. PARVIN, T.L. SHAPLA AND M.H.A. AMIN Department of Agroforestry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Siene and Tehnology University, Bangladesh; Assistant Professor, Department of Agroforestry & Environmental Siene, Sher-e-Bangla Agriultural University, Bangladesh. Corresponding author & address: M.H.A. Amin, hafizallamin@yahoo.om Aepted for publiation on 3 Marh ABSTRACT Parvin R, Shapla TL, Amin MHA () Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on agriultural rops. J. Innov. Dev. Strategy (), -7. A pot experiment was onduted at the Agroforestry Farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Siene and Tehnology University during May 9 to July 9 to observe the allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek, two agriultural rops viz. mungbean and soybean. There were five treatments viz. T (top soil); T (root zone soil); T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf); T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrat); T (ontrol/fresh garden soil). The experiments were laid out in the Randomized Complete Blok Design (RCBD) with four repliations. The results of the present studies revealed that inhibition of germination and growth parameters of mungbean and soybean were varied aording to different parts of plants and soil from different plae. Albizia lebbek allelopathi effets of the treatments were as the following order: T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrat)> T (root zone soil) T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf>t (top soil)>t (ontrol / fresh garden soil). Key words: allelopathi effets, agriultural rops INTRODUCTION The study of allelopathy (allelohemis) has only beome a major thrust in tree biology in last 3 years. The term allelopathy is a Greek word meaning to suffer from eah other. Allelopathy refers to the inhibition of growth of one plant by hemial ompounds that are released into the soil from the neighboring plants. A large number of studies have been undertaken in reent years on suh allelopathi interations between the plants. Allelopathi properties have been reported for many speies, espeially trees. Although allelohemials are present in pratially all plant tissues, inluding leaves, flowers, fruits, stems, roots, rhizomes and seeds, information on the nature of ative hemials and their mode of ation is laking. The effets of these hemials on other plants are known to be dependent prinipally upon the onentration as well as the ombination in whih one or more of these substanes are released into the environment. Allelopathi effet is an interation between different plants or between plants and miroorganisms in whih substanes (allelohemials) produed by one organism affet the growth of another (usually adversely). Agroforestry has been a olletive term for land-use systems and praties in whih woody perennials are deliberately integrated with rops and/or animals on. The same land management unit, either in a spatial mixture or atemporal sequene. The trees in agroforestry pra ties geneally fulfill multiple purposes, involving the protetion of the soil or improvement of its fertility, as well as the prodution of one or more produts (Cooper et al. 99). Redution in yield of agril-rops and or poorer growth of tree seedlings is often blamed on mismathing of rop ombinations. Part of the problems, in fat, lies in the seletion of tree and food rop ombination, and inhibitory effets of some leaf leahes on agriultural rops. Allelopathy being a new and potential field, it is an emergent area of researh in both developed and developing ountries. Although farmers have observed problems related to allelopathy sine the beginning of agriulture, onern and systemati researh, however, started from 9 in the field of agriulture and from 97 in forestry (Rie 98). Albizia lebbek, is the ommon tree speies whih are planted with agriultural rops e.g. Mungbean, soybean, wheat, maize, rie, vegetables et. There must be signifiant interation (positive or negative) between these omponents of Agroforestry i.e. woody perennials and agriultural rops. Therefore, it seems essential that the allelopathi ompatibility of rops with trees should be heked before introduing in agroforestry system (Khan and Alam, 99). So, the study was performed to fulfill the following objetives: to assess about the allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek, tree speies used on agriultural rops. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was onduted in the Agroforestry researh field, Department of Agroforestry, Hajee Mohmmad Danesh Siene and Tehnology University, Dinajpur, loated between 3' latitude and 88º3' longitude and about 37.m above sea level. The limate of the study area is haraterized by santy rainfall during Rabi season (November to February) and minimum rainfall during this period of the year. The mean of maximum temperature in winter (November to February) was 7.9 C and the mean of minimum temperature 7. C. The mean humidity during this period was 8.9. The mean rainfall was found 8.8 mm during this period from November to February. Duration of the experimental period was from May to July. The experiment was onduted with single fator. RCBD (Randomized Complete Blok Design) were applied with four repliations. These are: (Five) treatments i) T =Top soil (depth of top soil is m.), ii) T =Root zone soil (depth of root zone soil is feet), iii) T 3 =Soil mulhed with dry leaves (sun dry), iv) T =Soil watered with aqueous Leaf extrat (% fresh aqueous leaf extrat) and v) T =Ordinary/Fresh garden soil. The seleted Copyright Green Global Foundation Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. (): April

2 Parvin et al. test rops were Mungbean (Vigna radiata) and Soybean (Glyine max). The experimental pot size was 8. m.. m and eah pot ontaining kg of soil as germination media. The treatment T - Top soil was olleted from the native woodlots of the tree rops (depth of top soil ism), T - root zone soil olleted from the root systems of tree rops from native woodlots (depth of root zone soil is feet), T 3 - Garden soil olleted from experimental garden and oven dried rushed leaves ( gms) mulhed in the upper layers of eah pot, T - Garden soil watered with aqueous extrat of fresh leaves of tree rops, and T - Garden soil watered with ordinary water served as ontrol. The pots were arried in the experimental field in th April. After leaning the weeds in the experimental field by spade, the pots were plaed.3 pots were filled with top soil and pots were filled with root zone soil in 7 th May. pots were filled with garden soil in 8 th May.% aqueous wash of the fresh leaves of tree was made in th May and ml of this extrat was added to eah of pots whih ontaining garden soil. Leaves of the trees were sun dried for days. g rushed leaves were added in eah pots as mulhed in th May. Other pots were used as ontrol and the pots were filled with ordinary garden soil. Soure of the rops seed were BADC, Dinajpur and varieties were BINA Mung and BARI Soybean. Seeds of rops were sown in eah pot in th May. The pots were watered regularly. Weeding was done periodially whenever neessary. Seed germination (%) was reorded after days of sowing. Then all plants were uprooted exept plants in eah pot. seedling attributes, suh as length of shoot(m), no. of leaves, leaf length(m), leaflet breath(m), shoot diameter(m) were reorded at,3, and days after sowing and root length(m), root fresh weight(gm), shoot fresh weight(gm) were reorded at days after sowing. Fresh roots and shoots were oven dried for three days and dry weights were reorded at days after sowing. By using the sum of root dry weight and shoot dry weight, total biomass of the plants were found. The olleted data on various parameters under different experiments were statistially analyzed using statistial program MSTAT to find out the statistial signifiane of the treatment effets. The means for all the treatments were alulated, and analysis of variane for all the haraters were performed by the F-test. The signifiane of differene between the pair of means was evaluated by the Least Signifiant Differene (LSD) test (Gomez and Gomez, 98). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results obtained from the present studies along with statistial analysis of data have been presented here. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Mungbean (Vigna radiata) Germination perentage The germination perentage of mungbean varied notably due to the five treatments ompared to ontrol (Fig. ). Signifiantly the maximum inhibition (-9.) over ontrol was found in the treatment T (soil watered by aqueous leaf extrats) followed by the treatment T (root zone soil) and T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). The minimum inhibition (-3.7) gained in the treatment T (top soil). Germination % Germination % % Inhibition over ontrol b b a Fig.. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on germination of mungbean Note: Mean followed by a ommon letter is not signifiantly different at the % level by DMRT Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. (): April

3 Number of Leaf Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on agriultural rops No. of leaf of mungbean was varied signifiantly at different DAS in all the treatments in respets to ontrol (Fig. ). Signifiantly the maximum inhibition (-.98 at DAS; -.73 at 3 DAS; -8.8 at DAS and -. at DAS) was found in the treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrats) and the minimum (- 3.3 at DAS; at 3 DAS; -.77 at DAS and -8.9 at DAS) was observed in the treatment T (top soil). No. of leaves No. of leaves No. of leaves No. of leaves No. of leaves Shoot Length (m) Fig.. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on no. of leaf of mungbean At different DAS Shoot length of mungbean was varied signifiantly in all the treatments over ontrol (Fig. 3). Signifiantly the highest inhibition (-. at DAS; -.99 at 3 DAS; -7. at DAS and -8.3 at DAS) was found in the treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrats) and the lowest (-.79 at DAS; -. at 3 DAS; -.7 at DAS and -9. at DAS) was observed in the treatment T (top soil). Shoot length (m) 3 3 Leaf Length (m) Fig. 3. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Shoot Length of mungbean All the treatments signifiantly influened the leaf length of mungbean at different DAS in respets to ontrol (Fig. ). Signifiantly the highest suppression (-7.3 at DAS; -7.3 at 3 DAS; at DAS and -. at DAS) was noted in the treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrats) and the lowest (-. at DAS; at 3 DAS; -3. at DAS and -. at DAS) was observed in the treatment T (top soil). Leaf length (m) 8 Fig.. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Leaf Length of mungbean Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. (): April

4 Parvin et al. Leaflet Breath (m) Leaflet breath of mungbean was varied signifiantly at different DAS in all the treatments in respets to ontrol (Fig. ).At and 3 DAS there was no signifiant variation among the treatments. Signifiantly the highest inhibition(-33.7 at DAS and -9.8 at DAS) was found in the treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrats) and the lowest (-.3 at DAS and -.9 at DAS) was reported in the treatment T (top soil). Leaflet breath (m) 3 Leaflet breath(m) Leaflet breath(m) Leaflet breath(m) Leaflet breath (m) Shoot Diameter (m) Fig.. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Leaflet breath of mungbean Shoot diameter of mungbean was varied signifiantly at different DAS exept DAS in all the treatments in respets to ontrol (Fig. ). Signifiantly the maximum inhibition (-3. at 3 DAS; -. at DAS and -.3 at DAS) was observed in the treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrats) and the minimum (- 3.7 at 3 DAS; -7.3 at DAS and -.98 at DAS) was noted in the treatment T (top soil). Shoot Diameter (m) Fig.. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Shoot diameter of mungbean Table. Allelpoathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Germination and Growth of Mungbean Root length (m) Shoot Fresh Weight.b (-.). (-.).97 (-39.98). (-.7) 8.8a Shoot Dry Weight.a (-.).7b (-3.).98b (-.).b (-37.).a Root Fresh Weight.8b (-.). (-.97).9 (-3.3). (-.8) 7.7a Root Dry Weight 3.7b (-3.73).33 (-7.87) 3.b (-3.9). (-9.3).3a Total Dry Matter 8.7b (-.7).8 (-.9).8b (-3.).7 T.b (-9.) T 3.8 (-.9) T 3 3. (-3.) T 3.7 (-.) (-.) T.a 9.3a (.) (.) (.) (.) (.) (.) Level of sig. * * * * * * CV% Note: Mean followed by a ommon letter is not signifiantly different at the % level by DMRT * = Signifiant at % level of probability; NS = Not Signifiant 3 Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. (): April

5 Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on agriultural rops Root length (m) The root length of the test rop varied notably (table ) due to the five treatments ompared to ontrol. The treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrat) has highest inhibitory effet (-.) on root length of mungbean over ontrol whereas, the lowest inhibitory effet (-9.) was gained in the treatment T (top soil). Shoot Fresh Weight Shoot fresh weight of mungbean signifiantly suppressed in all the treatments in omparison to ontrol (Table ). Signifiantly the highest inhibition (-.7) was obtained in the treatments T (soil with aqueous leaf extrat) followed by T (root zone soil), T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf) and T (top soil). Shoot dry weight All the treatments signifiantly inhibit the shoot dry weight of mungbean over ontrol (Table ). Signifiantly mungbean shoot dry weight inhibition (-37.) was high in the treatment T (soil with aqueous leaf extrat) followed by T (root zone soil) and T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). The lowest inhibition (-.) was gained in the treatment T (top soil) followed by T (fresh garden soil). Root Fresh Weight Signifiantly the highest inhibition (-.8) of root fresh weight was observed in the treatment T (soil with aqueous leaf extrats) followed by T (root zone soil) and T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). All the treatments signifiantly suppressed the root fresh weight of mungbean in respets to ontrol. The lowest inhibition (-.) was found in the treatment T (top soil) (Table ). Root dry weight It was observed that root dry weight signifiantly varied in all treatments over ontrol (Table ). The highest suppression (-9.3) of root dry weight was gained in the treatment T (soil with aqueous leaf extrat) followed by T 3 (root zone soil) in omparison to ontrol and lowest (-3.73) was found in the treatment T (top soil) followed by T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). Total Dry Matter Total dry matter of the test rop was affeted signifiantly in all the treatments (Table ) over ontrol. Among the five treatments, total dry matter inhibition (-.) was large in the treatment T (soil with aqueous leaf extrat) followed by T (root zone soil). The shortest inhibition (-.7) was reported in the treatment T (top soil) followed by T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on soybean (Glyine max) Germination perentage The germination perentage of soybean varied notably due to the five treatments ompared to ontrol (Fig. 7). Signifiantly the maximum inhibition (-9.7) over ontrol was found in the treatment T (soil watered by aqueous leaf extrats) followed by the treatment T (root zone soil) and T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). The minimum inhibition (-3.7) gained in the treatment T (top soil). Germination % b b Germination % a % Inhibition over ontrol a Fig. 7. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on germination of Soybean Note: Mean followed by a ommon letter is not signifiantly different at the % level by DMRT Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. (): April

6 Parvin et al. Number of Leaf No. of leaf of soybean was varied signifiantly at different DAS in all the treatments in respets to ontrol (Fig. 8). Signifiantly the maximum inhibition (-3.89 at DAS; at 3 DAS; at DAS and -. at DAS) was found in the treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrats) and the minimum (-. at DAS; -.89 at 3 DAS; -.78 at DAS and -9. at DAS) was observed in the treatment T (top soil). No. of leaves No. of leaves No. of leaves No. of leaves No. of leaves Shoot Length (m) Fig. 8. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on no. of leaf of Soybean At different DAS in all the treatments shoot length of soybean influened signifiantly in respets to ontrol (Fig. 9). Signifiantly the highest inhibition (-.77 at DAS; -.9 at 3 DAS; -3. at DAS and at DAS) was noted in the treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrats) and the lowest (-.98 at DAS; -. at 3 DAS; -. at DAS and at DAS) was observed in the treatment T (top soil). Shoot length (m) 3 3 Leaf Length (m) Fig. 9. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Shoot Length of soybean Leaf length of soybean was varied signifiantly at different DAS in all the treatments in respets to ontrol (Fig. ). Signifiantly the highest inhibition (-8.87 at DAS; -.7 at 3 DAS; -3.7 at DAS and -38. at DAS) was found in the treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrats) and the lowest (-.8 at DAS; -. at 3 DAS; -. at DAS and -.7 at DAS) was reorded in the treatment T (top soil). Leaf length (m) 8 Leaflet Breath (m) Fig.. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Leaf Length of soybean Leaflet breath of soybean did not vary signifiantly at and 3 DAS for all the treatments in respets to ontrol (Fig.). But signifiantly the highest inhibition (-.7 at DAS and -37. at DAS) was found in the treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrats) and the lowest (-. at DAS and -. at DAS) was observed in the treatment T (top soil). Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. (): April

7 Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on agriultural rops Leaflet breath (m) Leaflet breath(m) Leaflet breath(m) Leaflet breath(m) Leaflet breath (m) Shoot Diameter (m) Fig.. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Leaflet breath of soybean All the treatments did not influene signifiantly the shoot diameter of soybean at DAS in respets to ontrol (Fig.). But signifiantly the maximum inhibition (-3.8 at 3 DAS; -7.7 at DAS and -.7 at DAS) was observed in the treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrats) and the lowest (-3.77 at 3 DAS; -.87 at DAS and -.7 at DAS) was found in the treatment T (top soil). Shoot Diameter (m) Root length (m) Fig.. Allelopathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Shoot diameter of soybean The root length of the test rop varied notably (table ) due to the five treatments ompared to ontrol. The treatment T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrat) has highest inhibitory effet (-.7) on root length of mungbean over ontrol followed by the treatments T (root zone soil) and T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). Whereas, the lowest inhibitory effet (-7.) was gained in the treatment T (top soil). Shoot Fresh Weight Shoot fresh weight of soybean signifiantly suppressed in all the treatments in omparison to ontrol (Table ). Signifiantly the highest inhibition (-8.79) was obtained in the treatments T (soil with aqueous leaf extrat) followed by T (root zone soil), T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf) and T (top soil). Table. Allelpoathi effets of Albizia lebbek on Germination and Growth of Soybean Root length(m) Shoot Fresh Weight Shoot Dry Weight Root Fresh Weight Root Dry Weight Total Dry Matter T.b (-7.).b (-9.).a (-8.33).8b (-8.3).7b (-39.9).7b (-3.3) T 33.8 (-.) 3. (-.).7b (-.7) 3. (-9.33).33 (-7.) 3.8 (-9.) T 3 3. (-.) 3.97 (-.7).98b (-3.) 3.9 (-.8).b (-3.).8b (-.8) T 33.7 (-.7) 3. (-8.79).b (-) 3. (-3.78). (-7.).7 (-3.8) T.a (-.) 7.8a (.) 3.a (.).7a (.).3a (.) 7.3a (.) Level of sig. * * * * * * CV% Note: Mean followed by a ommon letter is not signifiantly different at the % level by DMRT * = Signifiant at % level of probability; NS = Not Signifiant Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. (): April

8 Parvin et al. Shoot dry weight All the treatments signifiantly inhibit the shoot dry weight of soybean over ontrol (Table ). Signifiantly shoot dry weight inhibition (-.) was high in the treatment T (soil with aqueous leaf extrat) followed by T (root zone soil) and T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). The lowest inhibition (-8.33) was gained in the treatment T (top soil) followed by T (fresh garden soil). Root Fresh Weight All the treatments signifiantly suppressed the root fresh weight of soybean in respets to ontrol. Signifiantly the highest inhibition (-3.78) of root fresh weight was observed in the treatment T (soil with aqueous leaf extrats) followed by T (root zone soil) and T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). The lowest inhibition (-8.3) was found in the treatment T (top soil) (Table ). Root dry weight It was observed that root dry weight signifiantly varied in all treatments over ontrol (Table ). The highest suppression (-7.) of root dry weight was gained in the treatment T (soil with aqueous leaf extrat) followed by T 3 (root zone soil) in omparison to ontrol and lowest (-39.9) was found in the treatment T (top soil) followed by T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). Total Dry Matter Total dry matter of the test rop was affeted signifiantly in all the treatments over ontrol (Table ). Among the five treatments, total dry matter inhibition (-3.8) was large in the treatment T (soil with aqueous leaf extrat) followed by T (root zone soil). The shortest inhibition (-3.3) was reported in the treatment T (top soil) followed by T 3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf). DISCUSSION Responses of the test rops to different treatments were signifiantly different. The inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of both rops was different parts of plant. Inhibition was more in leaf extrats. These finding agreed with the report of Uddin et al. (7) who also found that the aqueous extrats of leaf aused signifiant inhibitory effet on germination, root and shoot elongation and development of lateral roots of reeptor plants. The root zone soil and dry leaf as mulh of Albizia lebbek also redue the germination and growth of the test rops ompared to ontrol.these results were also similar to report from Jyoti and Saxena () and Rathinasabapathi et al. (). From the experiment it was onluted that the aqueous leaf extrats and roots of Albizia lebbek had highest allelopathi effets on germination, growth and development of mungbean and soybean. Allelopathis are often due to synergisti ativity of allelohemials rather than to single ompounds. Under field onditions, additive or CONCLUSION The phenomenon of allelopathy arises beause growth inhibiting or stimulating, plant and mirobial produe and release hemials into the environment. Allelopathy is a omponent of most natural ommunities and agroeosystems. The adverse effets of allelohemials from trees and rops may redue prodution and managed agroforestry eosystem. The result of the present studies showed that inhibition of germination and growth parameters of mungbean and soybean were varied aording to different parts of plants and soil from different plae. Albizia lebbek the allelopathi effets of the treatments were as the following the order: T (soil watered with aqueous leaf extrat ) > T ( root zone soil) > T3 (soil mulhed with dry leaf) >T (top soil) >T(ontrol/fresh garden soil). REFERENCES Cooper PJM, Leakey RRB, Rao MR, Reynolds L (99) Agroforestry and the mitigation of land degradation in the humid and sub-humid tropis of Afria. Experimental Agriulture 3, 3-9. Gomez KA, Gomez AA (98) Statistial proedures for Agriultural Res. nd edn. John Wiley and Sons, New York. p. 8. Jyoti-Gupta, Saxena MK () Allelopathi interations of terrestrial plants on mustard seed germination and seedling growth. Advanes-in-Plant-Sienes. 7(), 99-. Khan MS, Alam MK (99) Homestead flora of Bangladesh. BARC, IDRC, SDC., Dhaka Bangladesh. Rathinasabapathi B, Ferguson J, Gal M () Evaluation of allelopathi potential of wood hips for weed suppression in hortiultural prodution systems. Hort Siene. (3), Rie EL (98) Alelopathy. Seond Edition. Orlando, Florida: Aademi Press. pp. Uddin MB, Ahmed R, Mukul SA, Hossain MK (7) Inhibitory effets of Albizia lebbek leaf extrats on germination and growth behavior of some popular agriultural rops. Journal-of-Forestry-Researh. 7; 8(), Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. (): April