Pharmacologyonline 2: (2010) ewsletter Joyce et al. Antioxidant activity of ymphaea odorata and elumbo nucifera from ymphaeales order

Transcription

1 Antioxidant ativity of ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera from ymphaeales order Y.H.L. Joye, 1 S. Sasidharan,*,2 L. Yoga Latha, 2 S. M Mansor, 3 R.Vijenthi, 4 R. Xavier, 1 and S. Ramanathan 3 1 Department of Biotehnology, Faulty of Applied Sienes, AIMST University, Jalan Bedong-Semeling, Batu 3 ½, Bukit Air Nasi, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia. 2 Institute for Researh in Moleular Mediine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang. Malaysia 3 Centre for Drug Researh, University Siene of Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang. MALAYSIA 4 Department of Material Siene, Faulty of Applied Sienes, AIMST University, Jalan Bedong-Semeling, Batu 3 ½, Bukit Air Nasi, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia.. *Corresponding author; srisasidharan@yahoo.om Summary The antioxidant ativity of ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera olleted from AIMST University pond were determined. The free radial savenging ativity of the different parts (flowers, leaves and stems) of. odorata and. nuifera were assessed with the aid of the stale DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pirylhydrazyl) radial. In general,. odorata showed high free radial savenging ativity ompared with. nuifera espeially in the ase of. odorata leaves with 34.71% savenging ativity at 1.0 mg/ml onentration tested. In partiular, oth plant leaves showed a higher free radial savenging ativity followed y flower and stem. The referene antioxidant BHT and vitamin E showed relatively higher antioxidant ativity ompared with the oth plants tested in this study. This finding indiated that the methanoli extrat of ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera was a starting material for the isolation of ompound(s) with effetive ativities as radial s savengers. Key words: Antioxidant ativity, ymphaea odorata, elumo nuifera, DPPH radial savenging 160

2 Introdution Lipids ontaining polyunsaturated fatty aids are readily oxidized y moleular oxygen, and suh oxidation proeeds y a free radial hain mehanism 1. Lipid peroxidation an lead to aging, oronary heart disease, stroke, diaetes mellitus, rheumati disease, liver disorders, multiple slerosis, Parkinson s disease, autoimmune disease, Alzheimer s and arinogenesis 2,3. An antioxidant, whih an quenh reative free radials, an prevent the oxidation of other moleules and may, therefore, have health-promoting effets in the prevention of degenerative diseases 4. The adverse effet showed y the ommon antioxidant has fored sientists into looking for new antioxidant sustanes from various soures like mediinal plants 5. In this respet, in the present study, 2 mediinal and ornamental plants ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera different parts i.e. flowers, leaves and stems extrats were sreened to determine their free radial savenging and antioxidant ativities. Material and methods Plant Colletion and Extration Samples of two different plants speies of Nymphaeales order from namely ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera were olleted from AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia, in June of Plants were identified y a otanist of Department of Biotehnology, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia. Flowers, leaves and stems of seleted plants were dried (room temperature) and powdered with a mortar. Preparation of Plant Extrats Some 100g of dried and powdered plant material were extrated at room temperature with 500 ml of methanol under onstant shaking for 24 h. After filtration, the methanoli (MeOH) solutions were evaporated to dryness in a rotary evaporator for the antioxidant assays. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Pirylhydrazyl Radial (DPPH) Savenging Assay Quantitative measurement of radial savenging properties was arried out in a universal ottle. The reation mixture ontained 50 µl of test samples (80% (v/v) MeOH as a lank) and 5 ml of a 0.004% (w/v) solution of DPPH in methanol. The ommerial antioxidant utylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, Sigma) was used for omparison or as a positive ontrol. Disoloration was measured at 517 nm after inuation for 30 min. Measurements were taken at least in tripliate. DPPH radial s onentration was alulated using the following equation: DPPH savenging effet (%) = A o A 1 / A o X100 Where A o was the asorane of the ontrol and A 1 was the asorane in the presene of the sample (rude extrat of the seleted plants) 6. The atual derease in asorption indued y the test ompounds was ompared with the positive ontrols. 161

3 Statistial Analysis All the assays were arried out in tripliate. The results are expressed as mean values and standard error or standard deviation (SD). The differenes etween the extrats were analyzed using one-way analysis of variane (ANOVA), followed y Tukey s HSD Test with α = This treatment was arried out using the SPSS version 12 programmer. Results and disussion To find new natural soures of ative ompounds, we studied the antioxidant potential of different parts of ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera. Tale 1 presents extration yields (expressed as w/w perentages), otained for all the extrats of flowers, leaves and stems of ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera. Despite the low values otained for the extration yields, the antioxidant ontents found were very good, indiating that the methanol extration was effiient in this study. Tale 1. Extration yields of 100g ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera Extration yield leaves flowers stem ymphaea odorata (%) elumo nuifera (%) The antioxidant properties of the methanol extrats of flowers, leaves and stems of ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera were examined for DPPH radial savenging ativity aording to the method desried and the results of the sreening are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 as omparale with known antioxidant BHT and vitamin E. The radial-savenging ativity (RSA) values were expressed as the ratio perentage of sample asorane derease and the asorane of DPPH solution in the asene of extrat at 517 nm. From the analysis of Figure 1 and Figure 2, we an onlude that the savenging effets of ymphaea odorata etter than the elumo nuifera extrats on DPPH radials, espeially in the ase of ymphaea odorata (34.71% at 1.0 mg/ml for the leaves and % for the flower, at the same onentration). However, ymphaea odorata stem revealed a low value of antioxidant ativity ompared with other parts i.e. 4.24% at 1.0 mg/ml of extrat tested. The free radial savenging ativity for various parts of elumo nuifera were 12.40%, 17.73% and 33.70% for the stem, flower and leaves respetively. As expeted, the overall ativity of the raw extrats was lower than that of ommerial antioxidant BHT and vitamin E, the referene antioxidant for the ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera (Figure 1 and Figure 2). In other words, BHT showed the highest antioxidant ativity follow y vitamin E, stem, Flower and leaves for oth plant extrat tested. 162

4 80 70 a P < 0.05 % of Savenging d 0 BHT Vitamin E stem flower leaves Lily Samples and Known Antioxidant Figure 1. Savenging effet (%) of rude extrat of ymphaea odorata and known antioxidant at 1.0 mg/ml % of Savenging a P < 0.05 BHT Vitamin E Stem Flower Leaves Lotus Samples and Known Antioxidant Figure 2. Savenging effet (%) of rude extrat of elumo nuifera and known antioxidant at 1.0 mg/ml 163

5 In onlusion, the sreening of antioxidant ativity performed on various parts of ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera whih was traditionally used as hers shows that they are endowed with potentially exploitale free radial savenging ativity. Hene, ymphaea odorata and elumo nuifera ould e used as an easy aessile soure of natural antioxidants, as a food supplement, or in the pharmaeutial and medial industries. Further work should e performed to isolate and identify the antioxidant omponents. Referenes 1. Aruoma OI. Free radials, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in human health and disease. J. Am. Oil Chem. So : Lin CC, Wu SJ, Chang CH, Ng LT. Antioxidant ativity of Cinnamomum assia. Phytother. Res. 2003; 17: Loliger J. Free Radials and Food Additives. Taylor and Franis: London, pp Shahidi F. atural antioxidants: Chemistry, health effets, and appliations. AOCS Press: Urana IL Silva EM, Souza JNS, Rogez H, Rees JF, Larondelle Y. Antioxidant ativities and polyphenoli ontents of fifteen seleted plant speies from the Amazonian region. Food Chem. 2007; 101: Oktay M, Gulin I, Kufrevioglu OI. Determination of in vitro antioxidant ativity of fennel (Foeniulum vulgare) seed extrat. Leensmittel-Wissenhaft und Tehnologie. 2003; 36: