ALKANES AND ALKENES MODULE 4 WORKSHEET. Syllabus reference 8.5.3
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1 MODULE 4 WORKSHEET ALKANES AND ALKENES Syllaus referene The following tale provides a revision of the main harateristis of hydroarons. Chek your understanding y filling in the missing parts. PROPERTY ALKANES ALKENES General formula C n H n+ C n H n Ending for the name -ane -ene Charateristi ond Single Doule Numer of shared eletron pairs 1 Shape of the moleule around the harateristi ond Tetrahedral Planar Intermoleular fores Dispersion Dispersion Soluility in water Insolule Insolule Density Less than water Less than water Polarity of moleules Non-polar Non-polar Eletrial ondutivity Non-ondutor Non-ondutor Name the following hydroarons. a utane
2 hexane CH d CH CH -utene e CH CH -pentene f CH CH 3-hexene 3 Draw a strutural formula for eah of the following. a Ethane Hexane 3-otene CH CH d CH e -heptene CH CH 4 What is wrong with the following names? Give the orret one. a 5-hexene 1-hexene 4-heptene 3-heptene
3 In questions 5 8 irle the orret answer. 5 Whih of the following is not an alkane? A CH 4 B C D C 30 H 6 6 Two ompounds are strutural isomers if they: A differ from eah other y a CH unit B have the same physial properties C have the same moleular formula ut different strutural formula D have the same strutural formula ut different moleular formula Whih of the following ould e an alkene? A C H 4 B C 4 H 10 C C 5 H 8 D C 11 H 0 8 Butadiene is a reative hemial used extensively in the hemial industry to make syntheti ruer. It is also desried as an alkene eause: A it ontains fewer hydrogen atoms than utane B it is very reative C it ontains doule onds D eah aron atom has a planar arrangement 9 a What is the distinguishing harateristi of homologous series? Compounds an e represented y one general moleular formula. If is a memer of a homologous series, what is the strutural formula of the next higher memer of this series? 10 Consider the tale elow of the physial properties of alkanes. NAME NO. OF CARBONS PHYSICAL STATE (5 C) MELTING BOILING DENSITY (g/ml 1 ) Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Otane
4 How do eah of melting point, oiling point and density vary with moleular size? As moleular size inreases melting point inreases, oiling point inreases and density inreases. 11 The tale elow presents oiling points for some alkenes. NO. OF CARBON ATOMS ALKENE Ethene Propene 1-utene 1-hexene 1-heptene 1-otene BOILING On the same piee of graph paper plot oiling point versus numer of aron atoms for eah series of ompounds. Draw a smooth urve through eah set of points.
5 a How does oiling point vary with numer of aron atoms? As the numer of aron atoms inreases, oiling point inreases. How do the oiling points of alkanes ompare with those of alkenes? Boiling point of alkanes is higher than that of the alkene with the same numer of aron atoms. What is the relationship etween oiling point and strength of intermoleular fores? The higher the oiling point the stronger the intermoleular fores or the greater the numer of intermoleular fores. 1 a What is volatility? The volatility of a sustane is the ease with whih it an e onverted to a vapour. What is the relationship etween volatility and oiling point? Volatility inreases as oiling point dereases. 13 Compound X has a oiling point of 6 C while ompound Y has a oiling point of +1 C and ompound Z has a oiling point of 55 C. a List the ompounds in order from most volatile to least volatile. Most volatile Z; then Y; then X, whih is the least volatile Compare the strength of the intermoleular fores in eah of these ompounds. Strongest X; then Y; then Z, whih is the weakest Compound Y is solule in water ut ompounds X and Z are not. Use this information to deide whether the moleules are polar or non-polar giving a reason for your deision. Y is polar eause it is solule in water whih is a polar solvent. X and Z are non-polar eause they are not solule in a polar solvent.
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.. rganic: Basic oncepts ydrocarbon is a compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only Basic definitions to know Saturated: ontain single carbon-carbon bonds only Unsaturated : ontains a = double bond