LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Discuss how mercury poisoning has affected the natural environment and human society.

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1 Multiple Choie 1. What is the primary reason for the ourrene of merury in the human ody? a. It is iologially inative and dormant.. It provides vital iologial funtions in trae amounts.. It is needed to kill ateria. d. It is a yprodut of ellular funtion. e. It is onsumed through seafood. e 2.1 Merury Rising LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Disuss how merury poisoning has affeted the natural environment and human soiety. 2. How muh merury an the average human safely onsume per day? a. 2 mirograms. 7 mirograms. 12 mirograms d. 55 mirograms e. 90 mirograms 2.1 Merury Rising LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Disuss how merury poisoning has affeted the natural environment and human soiety. 3. What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element? a. atom. ompound. ion d. moleule e. mixture a 4. Whih sustane is not an element? a. hlorine. oxygen. aron d. water e. hydrogen d Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 1

2 Bloom's: Apply 5. The atomi numer of an atom refers to its. a. mass or weight. numer of protons. numer of protons and neutrons d. numer of neutrons e. numer of eletrons 6. Isotopes of atoms. a. have the same numer of neutrons ut a different numer of protons. ehave the same hemially and physially ut differ iologially from other isotopes. are the same physially and iologially ut differ from other isotopes hemially d. have the same numer of protons ut a different numer of neutrons e. are produed when atoms lose eletrons d 7. Whih suatomi partiles have a negative harge? a. neutrons only. protons only. eletrons only d. oth neutrons and protons e. oth protons and eletrons 8. The nuleus of an atom ontains. a. neutrons and protons. neutrons and eletrons. protons and eletrons Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 2

3 d. protons only e. neutrons only a 9. The of an atom have a negative harge. a. nulei. protons. neutrons d. ions e. eletrons e 10. The of an atom have no harge. a. eletrons. protons. neutrons d. ions e. nulei 11. The mass numer of an atom is determined y the omined masses of its. a. neutrons and protons. neutrons and eletrons. protons and eletrons d. protons, neutrons, and eletrons e. neutrons, nuleus, and eletrons a Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 3

4 Figure 2.4C 12. Whih atom is depited in the aompanying figure? a. hydrogen. sodium. helium d. hlorine e. oxygen Bloom's: Apply PREFACE NAME: Figure 2.4C Figure 2.4B 13. Whih atom is depited in the aompanying figure? a. hydrogen. helium. aron d. nitrogen e. oxygen 2.2 Start with Atom PREFACE NAME: Figure 2.4B Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 4

5 Figure 2.4A 14. Based on its outer shell, the atom in the aompanying figure would e haraterized as. a. very stale. somewhat stale. somewhat unstale d. very unstale e. radioative a 2.3 Why Eletrons Matter PREFACE NAME: Figure 2.4A LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine the harateristis of eletrons and their oritals. 15. All isotopes of an element have a different numer of. a. eletrons. protons. neutrons d. orital shells e. atoms 16. In the hemial shorthand, 14 C, the 14 represents the numer of. a. exess neutrons. protons plus neutrons. eletrons d. protons plus eletrons e. radioative partiles Bloom's: Apply 17. Isotopes of an element are differentiated y their. a. atomi weight. numer of orital shells Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 5

6 . element name d. mass numer e. eletron profile d 18. Radioative isotopes have. a. exess eletrons. exess protons. exess neutrons d. insuffiient neutrons e. insuffiient protons 19. Traers are elements that. a. are used in minute amounts in plants. an e monitored through iohemial reations. must e inert d. have an unalaned eletrial harge e. must have a stale nuleus 20. The radioisotope 14 C an e used as a researh traer eause it. a. deays to 12 C. has a different numer of protons than 12 C. has fewer neutrons than 12 C d. ehaves the same hemially as 12 C e. has six arons and six neutrons d Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 6

7 21. The radioative deay of 14 C produes. a. aron 12. aron 13. more aron 14 d. nitrogen 14 e. oxygen 14 d 22. Argon has 18 protons. How many eletrons are in its third energy level? a d. 8 e. 10 d Bloom's: Apply 2.3 Why Eletrons Matter LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Explain how eletrons populate atoms using the shell model. 23. Atoms with a(n) are more likely to form hemial onds. a. filled outer orital shell. unfilled outer orital shell. filled inner orital shell d. unfilled inner orital shell e. large numer of orital shells 2.3 Why Eletrons Matter LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine the harateristis of eletrons and their oritals. 24. Atoms eome in order to ahieve a full outer orital shell. a. free radials. ions. unstale d. radioative e. ovalents 2.3 Why Eletrons Matter Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 7

8 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine the harateristis of eletrons and their oritals. 25. Nitrogen, with an atomi numer of 7, has eletron(s) in the first energy level and eletrons in the seond energy level. a. one; six. two; five. three; four d. four; three e. five; two Bloom's: Apply 2.3 Why Eletrons Matter LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine the harateristis of eletrons and their oritals. 26. Caron dioxide is an example of a(n). a. atom. ion. ompound d. mixture e. element 2.4 Chemial Bonds: From Atoms to Moleules LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine hemial onds using an example. 27. Whih statement is false? a. A moleule must e made of at least two atoms.. Compounds are made of elements.. Two atoms of oxygen make a moleule of oxygen. d. Chemial onds form etween moleules of solute and solvent. e. Elements are found in ompounds and moleules. d 2.4 Chemial Bonds: From Atoms to Moleules LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine hemial onds using an example. 28. A moleule onsists of. a. radioative ompounds. two or more atoms of the same element. eletrially harged elements d. elements with one or more extra neutrons e. atoms held together y hemial onds e 2.4 Chemial Bonds: From Atoms to Moleules Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 8

9 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine hemial onds using an example. 29. The ond in tale salt (NaCl) is. a. polar. ioni. ovalent d. doule e. nonpolar 2.4 Chemial Bonds: From Atoms to Moleules LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Differentiate etween ioni and ovalent onds. 30. In onds, oth atoms exert the same pull on shared eletrons. a. triple ovalent. polar ovalent. doule ovalent d. nonpolar ovalent e. oordinate ovalent d 2.4 Chemial Bonds: From Atoms to Moleules LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Differentiate etween ioni and ovalent onds. 31. In ovalent onds,. a. atoms share eletrons. atoms give up eletrons. atoms aept eletrons d. eletrons annot e shared equally e. eletrons are always shared equally a 2.4 Chemial Bonds: From Atoms to Moleules LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Differentiate etween ioni and ovalent onds. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 9

10 Figure 2.9B 32. The dashed line in the aompanying figure represents a(n). a. ovalent ond. ioni ond. hydrogen ond d. polar ovalent ond e. hydrophoi interation PREFACE NAME: Figure 2.9B LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Identify the properties of hydrogen onds. 33. A hydrogen ond is an attration etween a(n) hydrogen atom and another hydrogen atom taking part in. a. ovalently onded; the same polar ovalent ond. ionially onded; the same polar ovalent ond. ovalently onded; a separate polar ovalent ond d. ionially onded; a separate nonpolar ovalent ond e. nonpolar ovalently onded; a separate nonpolar ovalent ond LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Identify the properties of hydrogen onds. 34. Water is important to the interations of iologial moleules eause it. a. is a good uffer. destailizes temperature. is a poor solvent for polar and ioni sustanes d. has weak ohesive properties e. promotes hydrophoi and hydrophili interations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 10

11 e LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Desrie the properties that hydrogen onding gives to liquid water. 35. The most likely reason that gluose dissolves in water is that it is. a. an ioni ompound. a polysaharide. polar and forms many hydrogen onds with the water moleules d. an extremely unstale moleule e. highly nonpolar LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Desrie the properties that hydrogen onding gives to liquid water. 36. The solvent, ohesive, and temperature stailization properties of water are primarily due to its. a. aility to promote hydrophili interations. ioni onds. hydrogen onds d. aility to promote hydrophoi interations e. nonpolar nature Bloom's: Evaluate LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Desrie the properties that hydrogen onding gives to liquid water. 37. The olumn of water extending in tues from plant roots to leaves is maintained y. a. hydrophili interations. ioni onds. ovalent onds d. hydrophoi interations e. ohesion etween water moleules e LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Desrie the properties that hydrogen onding gives to liquid water. 38. When exposed to water, sodium hloride (NaCl). a. dissolves into Na + and Cl - ions. rystallizes into a solid. dissolves into Na - and Cl + ions d. rystallizes into a liquid e. forms a hydrophoi ompound Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 11

12 a LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Desrie the properties that hydrogen onding gives to liquid water. 39. A salt will dissolve in water to form. a. aids. only hydrogen and oxygen onds. ions other than H + and OH - d. ases e. uffers LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Desrie the properties that hydrogen onding gives to liquid water. 40. "Aidi" is an appropriate desription for four of the following. Whih one is the exeption? a. exess hydrogen ions. the ontents of the stomah. magnesium hydroxide d. HCl e. a ph less than Aids and Bases LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine the role played y aids and ases in the normal funtioning of iologial systems. 41. A solution with a ph of 9 has times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a ph of 6. a. two. four. 10 d. 100 e. 1,000 e Bloom's: Apply 2.6 Aids and Bases LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine the role played y aids and ases in the normal funtioning of iologial systems. 42. Blood ph is kept near a value of eause of. a. salts. uffers. aids d. ases Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 12

13 e. water 2.6 Aids and Bases LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine the role played y aids and ases in the normal funtioning of iologial systems. Completion 43. Water surfae tension is aused y onds. hydrogen LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Desrie the properties that hydrogen onding gives to liquid water. 44. The sharing of two pairs of eletrons etween two atoms is alled a(n). doule ond 2.4 Chemial Bonds: From Atoms to Moleules LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine hemial onds using an example Cis a radioative isotope, and it turns into when it deays. nitrogen 46. The preditale rate of allows traers to e used in researh studies. deay radioative deay 47. The aility of a solution to resist hanges in ph depends on its apaity. uffering 2.6 Aids and Bases LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine the role played y aids and ases in the normal funtioning of iologial systems. Mathing Classifiation. The various energy levels in an atom of magnesium ( 24 Mg) have different numers of eletrons. Use the Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 13

14 numers elow to answer the following questions. a d. 6 e. 8 Bloom's: Apply 2.3 Why Eletrons Matter LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Explain how eletrons populate atoms using the shell model. 48. The numer of eletrons in the first energy level 49. The numer of eletrons in the third energy level 50. The numer of eletrons in the seond energy level e Classifiation. The following are types of hemial onds. Answer the questions elow y mathing the desriptions with the most appropriate ond type. a. hydrogen. ioni. ovalent d. polar ovalent e. doule ond 2.4 Chemial Bonds: From Atoms to Moleules LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Differentiate etween ioni and ovalent onds. 51. The ond etween the atoms of tale salt (NaCl) 52. The ond type holding several moleules of water together a 53. The ond etween the oxygen atoms of oxygen gas (O 2 ) e 54. The ond that reaks when salts dissolve in water 55. A ond in whih onneted atoms share eletrons 56. A ond in whih onneted atoms unequally share eletrons d Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 14

15 Classifiation. The following are important terms relating to water's speial properties. Answer the questions elow y mathing the desriptions with the most appropriate word. a. hydrophoi. hydrophili. salt d. solute e. solvent LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Identify the properties of hydrogen onds. 57. A dissolved sustane d 58. A sustane that dissolves in water 59. A liquid that dissolves other sustanes e 60. A ompound that releases ions when dissolved in water 61. A sustane that does not dissolve in water a Classifiation. The following are important terms relating to aids and ases. Answer the questions elow y mathing the desriptions with the most appropriate word. a. ph. aid. ase d. uffer 2.6 Aids and Bases LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES Examine the role played y aids and ases in the normal funtioning of iologial systems. 62. Sustane that aepts, ut does not release, H Lemon juie 64. Sustane that releases, ut does not aept, H Set of hemials that stailizes ph Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 15

16 d 66. Measure of H + in a fluid a 67. Toothpaste Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered y Cognero. Page 16