BOTANICA LITHUANICA 2008, 14(3):

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1 BOTANICA LITHUANICA 2008, 14(3): NEW DATA ON RED ALGAE SPECIES AUDOUINELLA HERMANII AND CHROODACTYLON ORNATUM IN LITHUANIA Jolanta Kostkevičienė 1, Irma Vitonytė 2 1 Vilnius University, Department of Botany and Genetics, Čiurlionio Str. 21/27, LT Vilnius, Lithuania; jolanta.kostkeviciene@gf.vu.lt 2 Institute of Botany, Laboratory of Hydrobotany, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 49, LT Vilnius, Lithuania; Irma.Vitonyte@gmail.com Abstract Kostkevičienė J., Vitonytė I., 2008: New data on red algae species Audouinella hermanii and Chroodactylon ornatum in Lithuania [Nauji duomenys apie raudondumblius Audouinella hermanii ir Chroodactylon ornatum Lietuvoje]. Botanica Lithuanica, 14(3): Red algae Audouinella hermanii is reported for the first time in Lithuania. A new locality and habitat of red algae Chroodactylon ornatum in freshwaters are also reported. Species morphological descriptions, illustrations, and world distribution data are presented. Keywords: freshwater, Audouinella hermanii, Chroodactylon ornatum, Lithuania. INTRODUCTION Freshwater red algae are widely distributed group in the world. Over 200 species inhabit unpolluted, clear or brown water streams and lakes (Kumano, 2002; Eloranta & Kwandrans, 2007). Unfortunately, distribution ranges of most species still remain unknown. So, new data coming from different parts of the world complement the existing information on freshwater red algae. Thorough investigation of freshwater red algae diversity in Lithuania started in 1991, and ten species of the genera Audouinella, Batrachospermum, Hildenbrandia, and Lemanea were recorded (Pocienė & Kalinauskaitė, 1991; Kostkevičienė, 1997; Kostkevičienė & Laučiūtė, 2005). Unfortunately, detailed morphological descriptions of the species with illustrations are available only in the last mentioned paper. This paper presents records on Audouinella hermanii (A. Roth) Duby a new species to the Lithuania algoflora and a new locality of Chroodactylon ornatum (C. A. Agardh) Basson in Lithuania. MATERIAL AND METHODS Investigations of benthic algae were done in in 13 streams and 3 lakes located in Trakai, Plungė, Varėna, and Vilnius districts. The samples were collected from 2 streams in Varėna distr. (Skroblus, Grūda), 4 streams in Vilnius distr. (Veržuva, Riešė, Bevardis (Dvarikščiai), Bevardis (Kairėnai)), 7 streams from Plungė distr. (Babrungas, Čerkšnė, Dirnupis, Jodė, Liepupė, Pietvė, Uošna), Balsys Lake in Vilnius distr., and Lake Galvė and Lake Akmena in Trakai distr. Water ph, temperature, and conductivity were measured in situ with a portable ph/ec/tds phep and Dist WP. In addition, stream depth, width, and current velocity were measured. Microscopic examination of the specimens was carried out in fresh 171

2 and fixed (4 % formalin solution) samples. Specimens were measured for morphological characteristics described by Sheath et al. (1992) and Necchi et al. (1993) using an ImagineJ analysis system. Cells and monosporangia parameters represent average of 30 measurements. The main characteristics of each taxon were photographed with a Nikon E 4500 camera system. Specimens of the examined species are maintained in the Herbarium of Vilnius University (WI) in Lithuania. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Audouinella hermannii (A. Roth) Duby (Fig. 1). Basionym: Conferva hermanii (A. Roth) Duby. Synonyms: Audouinella violacea (Kütz.) Hamel; A. violacea (Kütz.) Hamel var. alpina; A. violacea (Kütz.) Hamel var. dalmatica; A. violacea (Kütz.) Hamel var. expansa; A. violacea (Kütz.) Hamel var. hercynica; A. miniata Bory; Chantransia hermanii (A. Roth) Desv.; C. violacea Kütz.; Rhodochorton violaceum (Kütz.) Drew. This is a filamentous algae, forms small mm high tufts, attached by rhizoids to stones or gravel. Some individuals were found growing on a shiver of glass. The thallus is reddish colour, abundantly branched, lateral branches developing at angles > 25. Vegetative cells of the main filaments are cylindrical, µm long and µm wide, 3 4 times longer than broad. Monosporangia are spherical or elliptical µm long and µm wide, developed abundantly on the lateral branches consisting of 2 4 cells in the middle part of the filaments. Here reported dimensions of the vegetative cells for Audouinella hermanii essentially agree with those given in previous works (Kumano, 2002; Sheat & Sherwood, 2003), while minimum dimensions of monosporangia are slightly smaller (7.2 vs 9.0 µm long, 4.8 vs 7.5 µm wide). Tetrasporangia, carpogonium and carposporophytes have not been observed because material was collected only in August. The population with tetrasporangia could be collected from late fall (November) to early spring (April) and sexual/carposporophytic population from late spring (June) to early summer (July) (Sheath & Hambrook, 1990; Necchi et al., 1993). Locality. A. hermanii is known in Lithuania only from two localities of stream Babrungas flowing in the landscape reserve of Gandinga. The first locality is situated at the distance of 9.9 km and second 5 km Fig. 1. Audouinela hermanii specimens from the river Babrungas: 1 habitus of the plant; 2 filaments with monosporangia (arrowhead). Scale bars: 1 40 µm; 2 25 µm 172

3 from the stream mouth. Samples were collected on August 12, The Babrungas is a moderately flowing, m/s stream; water temperature fluctuated in different localities from 16.9 up to 21.5 C, conductivity µs/cm, and water ph Our research data show that A. hermanii could grow also in waters with a higher conductivity (410 vs 380 µs/cm) as it was described before in North America (Necchi et al., 1993). Notes. This species was found spread in two types of benthic algae and mosses communities. First community is Amblystegium riparium (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp.-Cladophora glomerata (Linnaeus) Kützing with abundantly growing Audouinella chalybea (A. Roth) Bory, Hildenbrandia rivularis (Liebmann.) J. Agardh, and Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. Second community is Fontinalis antipyretica-cladophora glomerata with abundantly growing Hildenbrandia rivularis, Oscillatoria limosa C. Agardh ex Gomont, Phormidium uncinatum Gomont ex Gomont, and Audouinella chalybea. According to Sheath & Hambrook (1990), in North America macroscopic population of A. hermanii occurred throughout the year except from mid to late summer. In Lithuania s population filaments with monosporangia were observed in the mid summer as well. In some European countries (British Isles, Finland, Sweden) the species is common, grows in streams on mosses, Lemanea thallus or stones, usually together with other red algae species of the Lemanea and Batrachospermum genera, while in other countries (Poland, Austria) it is rare (Eloranta & Kwandrans, 2007). Audouinella hermanii is one of the most widespread macroalgal species in North America (Necchi et al., 1993), also grows in South America (Kumano, 2002), and Australia (Entwisle & Kraft, 1984). A. hermanii occurred in boreal and temperate regions, from slightly acidic to middle alkaline (ph ) waters with broad temperature (3 21 C) and conductivity ( µs/cm) range (Necchi et al., 1993). Rott et al. (1999) classified this species as eutrophic or meso-eutrophic. Chroodactylon ornatum (C. A. Agardh) Basson (Fig. 2). Basionym Conferva ornata C. A. Agardh. Synonyms: Asterocytis ornata (C. A. Agardh) G. Ha- Fig. 2. Chroodactylon ornatum specimen from Lake Galvė. Scale bar 25 µm 173

4 mel; A. ramosa (Thwaites) Gobi ex F. Schmitz; A. smaragdina (Reinsch) Forti; Chroodactylon ramosum (Thwaites) Hansgirg; Goniothrichum caerulescens Zanardini; G. ramosum (Thwaites) Hauck; Hormospora ramosa Thwaites. This is a pseudofilamentous, false branch algae up to 4 mm high. Pseudofilaments are composed of uniceriate loosely arranged cells covered by broad µm width gelatinous sheath. Cells are ellipsoidal with single stellate blue-coloured chloroplast containing a central pyrenoid. Cell width is µm and cell length µm. Here reported dimensions of the vegetative cells for Chroodactylon ornatum essentially agree with those given in previous works cell length is µm and width µm (Vis & Sheath, 1993; Kumano, 2002; Wołowski et al., 2007). Localities. The species was found in two lakes: Lake Galvė (August 15, 2007) and Lake Balsys (June 20, 2006). The records of C. ornatum in Lake Balsys are mentioned also by Karosienė (2008). Both these lakes are deep, alkaline (ph ) lakes with a relatively high water specific conductance ( µs/cm). Lake Balsys surface area is 0.55 km 2, maximum depth 38.8 m, a concentration of total phosphorus fluctuating in different localities mg/l, and total nitrogen mg/l (Taminskas et al., 2004). Lake Galvė surface area is 3.71 km 2, maximum depth 46.7 m, a concentration of total phosphorus fluctuating in different localities mg/l, and total nitrogen mg/l (Vincevičius, 2006). In Lithuania the species grows in the Baltic Sea seashore (Labanauskas, 1998) as well. Notes. This species is often a component of the epiphyton of Cladophora and Rhizoclonium species (Vis & Sheath, 1993; Wołowski et al., 2007); it is also found growing on Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Potamogeton perfoliatum L., and Nuphar luteum (L.) Sm. plants (Karosienė, 2008). In Galvė Lake the species grows in its typical habitat in littoral, among macrophytes, while in Balsys Lake on macrophytes and quite atypically directly on wooden bridge constructions and forms single, clearly visible 2 5 mm blue-green tufts in shallow open places (depth 0.03 cm). Wołowski et al. (2007) mentioned other atypical habitats of Chroodactylon ornatum: soil, sand particles, and detritus. The species is widely distributed in the world, but is not very common, grows in streams and lakes, and is known from Europe (rare in Poland and Slovakia, found in Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Norway, Portugal, Russia (European part), Spain, Sweden, and Ukraine); Australia, Africa, North and South America (Vis & Sheath, 1993; Kumano, 2002; Wołowski et al., 2007). Ecological spectra of the alga are very wide, and it can occur in fresh, brackish, and saline waters. Detailed studies of this species ecology in North America show that C. ornatum grows in moderately flowing or almost standing (stream velocity m/s) streams with maximum depth of m, with a warm (12 23 C), slightly acidic and alkaline (ph ) waters with a specific conductance of µs/cm (Vis & Sheath, 1993). REFERENCES Eloranta P., Kwandrans J., 2007: Freshwater Red Algae (Rhodophyta). Identification guide to European taxa, particularly to those in Finland. Saarijärvi. Entwisle T. J., Kraft G. T., 1984: Survey of freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta) of south-eastern Australia. Austr. J. Mar. Freshw. Res., 35: Karosienė J., 2008: Epifitono dumblių bendrijos, jų sezoniniai ir erdviniai formavimosi ypatumai įvairaus trofiškumo ežeruose. (Daktaro disertacija). Vilnius. Kostkevičienė J., 1997: Dumbliai (Algae). Lietuvos valstybinių rezervatų flora ir fauna: Vilnius. Kostkevičienė J., Laučiūtė R., 2005: The freshwater red algae of Batrachospermum sect. Batrachospermum (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) new to Lithuania. Botanica Lithuanica, 11(3): Kumano S., 2002: Freshwater Red Algae of the World: Bristol. Labanauskas V., 1998: Baltijos jūros Lietuvos priekrantės šiaurinės dalies makrodumblių rūšių įvairovė ir paplitimas. Botanica Lithuanica, 4(4): Necchi O. Jr., Sheath R. G., Cole K. M., 1993: Systematics of freshwater Audouinella (Acrochaetiaceae, Rhodophyta) in North America. 1. The reddish species. Algological Studies, 70: Pocienė Č., Kalinauskaitė N., 1991: Gėlavandenės raudondumblių rūšys Lietuvoje. Lietuvos aukštųjų mokyklų mokslo darbai. Biologija (Vilnius), 29: 3 8. Rott E., Pfister P., Van Dam H., Pall K., Pipp E., Binder N., Ortler K., 1999: Indikationslisten für aufwuchsalgen. Teil 2: Trophieindikation und autökologische Anmerkungen. Bundesministerium fur Land- und Forst- wirtschaft, Wasserwitschaftkataster. Sheath R. G., Hambrook J. A., 1990: Freshwater ecology. In: Cole K. M., Sheat R. G. (eds.), Biology of the Red Algae: Cambridge. 174

5 Sheat R. G., Sherwood A. R., 2003: Phylum Rhodophyta (Red Algae). In: John D. M., Whitton B. A., Brook A. J. (eds.), The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge. Sheath R. G., Vis M. L., Cole K. M., 1992: Distribution and systematics of Batrachospermum (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in North America. 1. Section Contorta. Journal of Phycology, 28: Taminskas J., Linkevičienė R., Šimanauskienė R., 2004: Ežero naudojimo įtaka organogeninio atabrado raidai. Geografijos metraštis, 37(1-2): Vincevičius A., 2006: Trakų ežeryno ir jo baseino hidrografinis-hidrologinis tyrimas. (Diplominis darbas). Vilnius. Vis M. L., Sheath R. G., 1993: Distribution and systematics of Chroodactylon and Kyliniella (Porphyridiales, Rhodophyta) from North American streams. Jpn. J. Phycol. (Sorui), 41: Wołowski K., Kowalska J., Hindàk F., 2007: Chroodactylon ornatum (Rhodophyta, Porphyridiales) occurring in Poland and Slovakia. Biologia, 62(6): NAUJI DUOMENYS APIE RAUDONDUMBLIUS AUDOUINELLA HERMANII IR CHROODACTYLON ORNATUM LIETUVOJE Jolanta Kostkevičienė, Irma Vitonytė Santrauka Straipsnyje skelbiami duomenys apie pirmą kartą Lietuvoje aptiktą raudondumblių rūšį Audouinella hermanii ir naują Chroodactylon ornatum rūšies radavietę šalies gėluose vandenyse. Straipsnyje pateikiami šių rūšių morfologijos aprašymai, nuotraukos, radaviečių charakteristikos, aptariamas rūšių paplitimas pasaulyje. Audouinella hermanii individai aptikti Babrungo upelio epilitone dviejų tipų bendrijose: Amblystegium riparium-cladophora glomerata bendrijoje su kai kur gausiais Audouinella chalybea, Hildenbrandia rivularis dumbliais ir Fontinalis antipyretica samanomis bei Fontinalis antipyretica-cladophora glomerata bendrijoje su kai kur gausiais Hildenbrandia rivularis, Oscillatoria limosa, Phormidium uncinatum ir Audouinella chalybea dumbliais. Audouinella hermanii individai rugpjūčio mėnesį aptikti su monosporangėmis. Chroodactylon ornatum aptikta Galvės ir Balsio ežeruose, tipiškoje augavietėje epifitone. Balsio ežere aptikti rūšies individai augo ir gana neįprastomis sąlygomis ant medinių tilto konstrukcijų sudarė 2 5 mm aukščio kuokštelius. 175

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