The Investigation of Allelopathy and its Potential Effect on Trophic Dynamics in Aquatic Systems
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1 The Investigation of Allelopathy and its Potential Effect on Trophic Dynamics in Aquatic Systems Daniel J. Sullivan and Eric D. Dibble Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science College of Forest Resources Mississippi State University
2 How Does Plant Chemistry Affect an Aquatic System
3 Plants and Management Native and non-native plants Habitat Life history traits Trophic Dynamics
4 Basic Trophic Level Lindeman (192) Plants and associated organisms Epiphyton (Goldsborough et. al 2005) Competition of resources Allelopathy(Molisch 1937)
5 Inhibitory Compounds Gross et. al (1996) Polyphenols 3 main inhibitory compounds 1. Tellimagrandin II 2. Gallic acid 3. Ellagic acid Structure of Tellimagrandin II compound (figure taken from Glomski et. al 2002)
6 Chemical Profile Marko et. al (2008) Apical meristem concentrations Tellimagrandin II 2x higher polyphenol content
7 Trophic Decoupling Kovalenko & Dibble (2013) Investigated the effects on trophic structure and energy flow Macro-invertebrate and Fish isotope values
8 Hypotheses Hypothesis 1: Differences in allelopathic polyphenols between non-native M. spicatum and native M. sibiricum influence the community structure of colonizing epiphyton Hypothesis 2: Differences in the community structure of colonizing epiphyton between non-native M. spicatum and native M. sibiricum influence trophic dynamics in aquatic systems.
9 Prediction & Measurements for Hypothesis 1 Prediction: If differences in allelopathic polyphenols between nonnative M. spicatum and native M. sibiricum are present, then there will be differences in community structure of colonizing epiphyton Measurements: Epiphyton diversity and species richness Alellopathic polyphenols 1. Tellimagrandin II 2. Gallic acid 3. Ellagic acid
10 Sample Collection and Processing Allelopathic polyphenols (Glomski et. al 2002) Temporally collected - Days 21, 35, & 9 Plant and water sample collection Clemson Multi-User Analytical Lab HLPC analysis of Tellimagrandin II (figure taken from Glomski et. al 2002)
11 Plant Collection Sites Northern Watermilfoil- Red Cedar Lake, WI Eurasian Watermilfoil- Emily Lake, MN Faust Island
12 ERDC Controlled Environment Growth Chamber 22ºC Temperature 1:10 light:dark Photoperiod
13 Experimental Design Non-Native Non-Native vs. Native Native 55 L 55 L 55 L 55 L 55 L 55 L 55 L 55 L 55 L
14 Sampling Schedule Start Plant Cultivation (Mudge 2013, Wetzel 2001) Cultured Epiphyton Injected Culture Plant & Water Samples Plant & Water Samples End Sample Collection Day 0 Day 7 Day 1 Day 21 Day 35 Day 9
15 Epiphyton Collection Epiphyton removal (Aloi 1990) 5 cm apical meristems Shake, scrape, and confirm Preservative Algal Analysis, LLC
16 Cladophora Oscillatoria Scenedesmus Leptolyngbya Diatoms Spirogyra Sphaerocystis Stigeoclonium Anabaena Nostoc Ankistrodesmus Calothrix 28 Genera of Heteroleibleinia Phormidium Zygnema Oocystis Epiphyton Mougeotia Homeothrix Gomphosphaeria Chroococcus Coelastrum Mallomonas Cosmarium Rivularia Bulbochaete Aphanothece Tribonema Gloeotrichia
17 Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H ) Rep EWM Mixed EWM Mixed NM NM Genera n =28 *AOV p =0.0
18 Genera n =28 *AOV p=0.08
19 Genera n =13 *AOV p =0.9 Genera n =12 *AOV p =0.00
20 Conclusion Differences in epiphyton Allelopathic polyphenols Trophic decoupling Further research
21 Acknowledgments Eric Dibble, Major Professor Scott Rush, Committee member Gary Ervin, Committee member Kurt Getsinger, ERDC John Skogerboe, ERDC Richard Rezanka, MNDNR Invasive Species Program Diane Winters, Algal Analysis LLC Fellow MSU Students!
22 Questions?
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