DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY DEGREE PROGRAMME COURSE OUTLINE. Course Outlines

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1 Degree Offered: B Sc. Education (Biology) DESCRIPTION OF BOTANY COURSES Course Code: BOT 101 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY DEGREE PROGRAMME COURSE OUTLINE Course Title: Form and Function in Plants I Plants as living organisms. Differences between plants and animals, Plants and human affairs i. The plant cells, its general structure and activities. ii. The possible origin of living matter, DNA, RNA, Chromosomes, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and Cell divisions iii. Plant classification, its history, objectives and relevance to human activities, Diversity of plants. iv. Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Lichens, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms. v. The morphology, structure and functions of the root, stem,leaf,fowers, fruits and seeds of angiosperm plants. vi. Identification of major groups of plants Introduction to economic botany.

2 Course Code: BOT 102 Course Title: Introductory Botany I. i. Variety of forms, classification and evolution in plant kingdom. ii. Elementary treatment of cryptogams, Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, their distributions, Classification, Morphology, Reproduction and Economic importance. Evolution and significance of the seed habit in the spermatophytes (non-flowering and flowering seed plants.) iii. Elementary treatment of the anatomy and morphology of angiosperms: Simple and complex tissue system in roots, stems and leaves, scope of morphologyexternal and internal morphology; morphology of plant organs iv. Root morphology and variations; leaf morphology and variations; morphology of inflorescence and flowers, Fruit morphology and variations.

3 Course code: BOT 201. Course Title: Form and Functions in Plants II i. Living and non-living things. Plants and other living things, Structure of plant cells. Structural patterns in plants. Nutrition: Sources of metabolites uptake of nutrients. ii. Translocation. Inorganic nutrition. Organic nutrition, photosynthesis, synthesis of other organic substances Respiration. Elimination of materials plant growth. Growth and development: pattern of growth. Growth in multi-cellular plants. Factors influencing plant growth, Plant growth substances. Reproduction: Asexual and sexual reproduction. iii. Enzymes: Activation energy Mechanisms of action. Properties, composition, Types, Factors affecting activity. Interactions amongst organisms: Social and nutritive interactions. Pre-requisite: BOT 101.

4 Course code: BOT 202 Course Title: Biometry Purpose and relevance of Biometry Population and Samples Frequency distributions. Data gathering and presentation. Mean, variance and standard error. Probability. Normal Poison and binomial distributions Confidence limits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Non-parametric tests in lieu of ANOVA: Regression and correlation, Analysis frequencies, contingency table and X-tests. t-test, Z-test and F-test. Factorial experiments. Pre-requisite: 'O'Level Mathematics

5 Course code: BOT 203 Course Title: Introductory Genetics The subject matter Genetics. Heritable and non-heritable traits. Short history of Genetics. Sexual and asexual reproduction. Chromosome number and structure, chromosome and genes. Meiosis and mitosis; alternation of generations. The transmission of hereditary characters: Mendelism gene interact on; quantitative genetics. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex determination and sex linkage. Probability in Genetics. Linkage and recombination. Genetics of Lower organisms viruses bacteria and fungi. The molecular basis of heredity. Introduction to population genetics. Introduction to evolution and its processes. Pre-requisite: BOT 101

6 Course code: BOT 204 Course Title: Plant Morphology General organization of the angiosperm plant body Treatment of the variations in the morphology of the root, stem, leaves, inflorescences, flowers, fruits and seeds of angiosperm plants Introduction to plant description and identification.

7 Course code: BOT 301. Course Title: Whole Plant Physiology Chemical background: Cell structure and function: Water relations of cells Cell wall and growth of cell Soil and mineral nutrition Uptake and movement of water Uptake and transfer of solutes, Translocation of solutes Partitioning and control mechanisms, Leaves and atmospheres Water loss-transpiration Pre-requisite: BOT 201

8 Course code: BOT 302 Course Title: Plant Anatomy The Plant cell; cell organelles and their functions Meristems and cell differentiation Cell types, mature tissues and tissues systems, Secondary growth in Plants. The internal structure of the stem, root, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The periderm; its structure and functions. The structure of plant organs in relation to their function and ecological modification. Emphasis to be placed on tissue identification. Pre-requisite: BOT 204

9 Course code: BOT 303 Course Title: Angiosperm Taxonomy The objectives of plant Taxonomy and its relevance to human activities History of plant Classification. Evolution and unit of plant classification. Evolution and its significance to taxonomy Principles and concepts of plant taxonomy, classification, nomenclature, identification. Current systems of classification; Taxonomic Characters Taxonomic literature Introduction to plant Geography Treatment of selected orders and families of plants (dicotyledons and monocotyledons) Herbarium practice, organization and management Introduction to the preparation of local flora Emphasis will be placed on plant identification, at least, to the family level. Pre-requisite: BOT 204

10 Course code: BOT 304 Course Title: Systematics of non flowering plants Historical survey of the development of ideas and methods of approach concerning the Systematics of non-flowering plants. Evolution of the earliest plants. Structural organization, primary classification and relationships of the Thallophyta, lichens, Bryophyta, pteridophytics and Gymosperms. Preble is of terrestrial environment. Review of evolution towards the root, stem, leaf and flower of the Anthophyta. Origin of the Anthophyta. Fre-requisite: BOT 101

11 Course code: BOT 305 Course Title: Autecology. Units of Ecology Environmental factors: Population, community, ecosystem, biosphere. Populations growth, interrelations, dynamics, Loka - Velfera equations (differential and difference equations) Estimation of importance cover, density, frequency yield. Organism and population relationships: intra and inter-specific competition predation, symbiosis including excretory and sense organs of vertebrates. Geologic timescale, fossil studies, their importance in the study of comparative vertebrate Anatomy.

12 Description Of Zoology Courses Course code: Zoo 101 Course Title: Introductory Zoology I Animal Complexity- Acellular and metazoan. Grades of organization, protoplasmic grade (protozoa) cellular grade, cell-tissue grade, tissue-organ and organ system grades. Animal embryology type of eggs, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation differentiation of tissues, organs and systems. Outine of animal classification, Diversity of invertebrate animal life. Acellular animal (protozoa):e.g Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena and Trypanosoma. Radiate animals Coelomate) e.g. Hydra and Obelia, Acoelomate animals (platyhelminthes) e.g.ascaris coelomate animals (segmented worms e.g earthworm): Mollusca e.g. land snails and cephalopods. Athropods-aquatic madibulates e.g crayfish (Cnustacea) and terrestrial mandibulates. E.g centipedes, millipedes and insects,chelicerate arthropods e g. scorpions and spiders. Echinodermata eg star fishes, Protochordates e.g. Tunicates Chordates-general characteristics and diversity-fishes amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

13 Course code: Zoo 102 Course Title: Introductory Zoology II Introductory Ecology: Introduction to concepts in ecology Definition of ecology: the environment and climate; habit and niche; Autecolgy; Synecology ecosystem and communities, biomes, pollution and global warming. Introductory Genetics: Historical development of science of genetics, Life cycle and reproduction. Mendelian genetics. Chemical composition of the gene and molecular basis of heredity. Introductory physiology: nutrition, excretions, respiration and reproduction in animals, introductory Vertebrate Biology.

14 Course code: Zoo 103 Course Title: Experimental Zoology I General laboratory procedure: use and care of microscope: diversity of living things, plant cells, animal cells, animal embryology. eggs of chicken, starfish, toad.animal classification, dissection of the earthworm, dissection of the toad.

15 Course code: Zoo 104 Course Title: Experimental Zoology II Concept and components of the environment, abiotic (temperature, water/humidity, topography etc) and biotic components, distibution of organisms in different habitats e.g, fresh water, ponds sow flowing streams, etc, determination of energy relationships, population/communities and ecosystems, Mendelian traits in fruitlies and human, population genetics, analysis of human bloods (MN, ABO, S &P);Diversity of the vertebrate group: Dissection of the toad, dissection of the lizard and dissection of the rat.

16 Course code: ZOO 201 Course Title: Principles of Animal Systematics Theories of biological classification and their history, Hierarchy of categories species' concepts methods of classification. Taxonomic characters and relationship Pre-requisite: ZOO 101 (Introductory Zoology I). ZOO 102 (Introductory Zoology Il and Z00 103(Experimental Zoology).

17 Course code: ZOO 204 Course Title: Forms and Functions in Animals. Broad classification of Animal. Animal form in relation to support and protection, locomotion, circulation, respiration nutrition, excretion, and homeostasis, reproduction, nervous and chemical coordination.

18 Course code: ZOO 301 Course Title: Comparative Animal Physiology. Regulation of salt and water in animals inhabiting marine, freshwater, brackish, estuarine and terrestrial environments Nitrogen excretion: ammonotelic, uricotelic, and ureacotalic animals. Respiratory and circulatory systems. Feeding and digestion Nutrition and intermediary metabolism. Endocrine mechanisms Muscle- nerve excitation. Bioluminescence. Chromatophores and colour change in animals. Physiology of reproduction.

19 Course code: ZOO 302 Course Title: Entomology Methods and techniques in insect collections Morphology (the integument, body regions head, thorax, abdomen and appendages. Introductory internal anatomy Reproduction and life cycle with reference to larva /nympha and pupal forms in insects -Classification of insects, general/brief classification of arachnids and myriapods Evolution or Arthropods. (Practical includes arthropods collection, identification and preparation for storage.

20 Course code: ZOO 304 Course Title: Animal Ecology. Aims and scope of ecology; Autecology and synecology Concept and components of the environment, biotic and abiotic; the influence of the environmental factors on animals Movement of environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity and moisture content evaporation, light, wind speed etc) Sampling and collection methods in ecology, sampling and dispersions. Methods of estimating density of animal populations Vegetative zones of Nigeria: their climatic and edaphic features, their floral and faunal composition. Animal association, introducing statistical methods in ecology-parametric and non-parametric tests.

21 Course code: ZOO 310 Course Title: Biology of Reproduction. Gametogenesis (hormonal control of sex cells), Egg types and cleavages. Early organization of a fertilized cell and epigenesist theory. Concept of development. Determination of primary organ rudiments in invertebrates (Amphioxus as a case study). Embryonic inductions in invertebrates. Chick egg -mechanisms of formation of mesoblast. The neurula stage (amphibian and chick). Interrelationship between tissues Organogesis."Reciprocity' in tissues interactions. Regeneration. Embryonic adaptations and development of rabbit. Reproductive hormones. Pre-requisite: Z (Form and Function in Animal).

22 Course code: ZOO 401 Course Title: Animal Behaviour. Reflexes and complex behaviour. The development of behaviour. External structure and sense organs, Motivations: hormones and behaviour, instinct and learning. Behaviour and evolution. Social life among animals. Pre-requisite: ZOO 204 (Form and Functions in Animals)

23 Course code: ZOO 305 Course Title: Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. A comparative and evolutionary study of skeletal, muscular, integumental, nervous, circulatory respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems, including excretory and sense organs of vertebrates. Geologic timescale, fossil studies, their importance in the study of comparative vertebrate anatomy Pre-requisite: Z (Form and Functions in Animals

24 REFERENCES 1. Botany for Degree Students by A. C. Dutta 2. Botany A. Functional Approach by Walter H. Muller 3. Variety of Forms in the Plant Kingdom by Omotoye Olorode a nd H. C. Illoh. 4. Plant Physiology by S. N. Pandey and B. K. Sinha 5. Taxonomy of West African Flowening Plants by Omotoye Olonode 6. Plant Taxonomy by L.S. Gill 7. Plant Anatomy by Pijush Roy 8. Anatomy of Seed Plants by K. Esaw 9. Plaint Anatomy by Film 10. Introductory Genetics by Olonade and A. Adegoke 11. Claude A. Y. & Co Second Edition 12. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Management of Large Rivers for Fisheries Vol 1. Edited by Rabin L Welcome and T. Petr. 13. Introduction to Botany by Murray Nabors 14. Introductory Botany by Linda R. Berg (Lab Manual) 15. Laboratory Manual for Botany by Margaret Balbach and Lawrence C. Bliss 16. Photo Atlas for Botany by James W. Perry & David Morton 17. Botany of Food by Mcg & Create 18. Botany Introduction to plant Biology by James D. Mauseth 19. A manual of practical zoology chordates 20. A manual of practical zoology invertebrates 21. Dr. P. S. Verma S-chard and company pvz Ltd 22. Biology A functional approach MBV Roberts (Latest edition) Nelson.