Optimising wheat grain shape and size for improved processing quality

Transcription

1 Optimising wheat grain shape and size for improved processing quality Milling involves separation of the outer layers (bran) from the inner endosperm followed by reduction of the size of the endosperm particles Break System Reduction System Wheat First break SIZ 1 A C H to F Second break B D K 3MD SIZ 2 to C to F Third break B2 E Break roll Fourth break F G Reduction roll Sifter Quiver sifters Flour Bran Complex process dependent on several factors.

2 Milling quality / yield Endosperm mechanical properties Bran mechanical properties Endosperm - bran separation Endosperm aleurone adhesion Endosperm - bran ratio (size & shape) In general: Millers obtain more flour from large, well filled, round grains Malters obtain better malting consistency from large, round, barley grains

3 Predicting milling yield Grains have a complex shape less than ideal thickness half width F depth of crease Length Parametric 3D model (Mabille and Abecassis INRA Montpellier) based on length, thickness, half- width, depth of crease and F factor suggests crease morphology is an important factor

4 Multidisciplinary programme of work Model systems Candidate genes QTL mapping Validation of QTLs & Candidate genes Assessment of milling efficiency Markers Understanding development Environmental interaction Survey material Breeding programmes

5 Morphometric traits distribution in the Beaver x Soissons DH population W/L B S Length Width B S S B TGW B S S Area B DH3.25 DH3.65 DH3.47 DH3.20 Beaver Soissons

6 Differences exist in crease morphology Beaver Soissons

7 Phaseview report from crease images of Cadenza Using surface metrology to measure the crease

8 Better understanding of grain shape and crease morphology Seed coat and pericarp layers Starchy endosperm Nuclei 3DAA 8 DAA Vascular trace Mature grain Aleurone cells

9 Identifying genes controlling shape - BARLEY rob1/vrs1 glo/rob1/vrs1 glo/vrs1 Glo (cv Bowman) glo (BW2006) Bowman and glo inflorescences ~1 week before anthesis

10 Grain width QTL Steptoe x Morex Grain length QTL Mapping genes controlling shape in barley

11 Model species: endosperm size in Arabidopsis and maize can be altered by genetic and epigenetic manipulations Parental genome ratio in the endosperm 6xX2x 6m:1p 2xX2x 2m:1p 2xX6 2m:3p Maternal excess Wild Type Paternal excess Arabidopsis Maize

12 Identify + growth genes via expression-profiling Arabidopsis Common genes or pathways Maize Generate data sets that identify genes positively correlated with endosperm overgrowth Overlay Arabidopsis and maize data sets to produce robust subset Test efficacy in Arabidopsis Manipulate wheat homologues in early wheat endosperm using wheat promoters

13 The Satake Centre for grain process engineering - University of Manchester Testing the effect of grain shape changes on milling Experimental milling equipment Heygates Limited, Northampton Break roller floor Reduction system

14 Optimising wheat grain shape and size for improved processing quality Crop Science Initiative funded - 4 year project RRes: JIC: SCRI: University of Bath: University of Oxford: University of Manchester: Peter Shewry, Alison Huttly, Sabine Gubatz, Graham King, Huw jones, Rowan Mitchell John Snape, John Doonan, Vasilis Gegas, Simon Griffiths David Leader, Arnis Druka, Jill Alexandex Rod Scott, Melissa Spielman Hugh Dickinson Grant Campbell