The study of a common beech (Fagus sylvatica) population. Mt Ventoux, France
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1 The study of a common beech (Fagus sylvatica) population. Mt Ventoux, France Master II EBEN Ingénieur agronome 3 e année, ENSA Toulouse Réunion CAQSIS 5/4/16 Montpellier
2 In the northern hemisphere, climate changes will cause : Modifications of the species geographic ranges Changes in tree performances within the geographic niche Modifications of forests ability to provide ecosystems services Necessity to quantify the selection pressures and natural adaptation potential of tree populations. 2
3 Phenological traits are highly plastic (Temperatures, photoperiod, etc...), and have genetic bases In northern temperate areas, spring phenology results of a trade-off between : The risk of late frost damages The necessity to maximize the vegetation season length Davi & al, 2011 Spring phenology : major determinant of the individual fitness 3
4 Determine how strong are selection pressures on phenological traits Test the existence of optimal traits values regarding fitness Compare the theoretical optimal trait values with observed trait and optimum values K.Liautaud 4
5 CASTANEA : Process-based, individual-based model (Dufrêne et al. 2005) Integrated in Capsis (2010) Module CASTANEAonly Library CASTANEA Variables of interest : Fitness estimators : - Seed Production - Reserves - GPP Phenology variables : - BudBurst date - Senescence date 5
6 Selection gradients : Lande & Arnold, 1983 W = f(p) W = fitness (estimator), P : Phenotype For one trait T : W = α + βt + 1/2γT² + ε 6
7 Selection gradients : Lande & Arnold, 1983 W = f(p) W = fitness (estimator), P : Phenotype For one trait T : W = α + βt + 1/2γT² + ε W β : *** γ : NS W β : (***) γ : *** T T 7
8 Selection gradients : Lande & Arnold, 1983 W = f(p) W = fitness (estimator), P : Phenotype For one trait T : W = α + βt + 1/2γT² + ε W β : *** γ : NS W β : (***) γ : *** T T Selection pressures 8
9 Spring phenology determines : Period during which photosynthesis occurs The risk of late frost damages to young leaves. Does a Timing of BudBurst (TBB) optimum exists, maximizing tree performances? (under specific climatic conditions) W Under curent climatic conditions TBB 9
10 Spring phenology determines : Period during which photosynthesis occurs The risk of late frost damages to young leaves. Does a Timing of BudBurst (TBB) optimum exists, maximizing tree performances? (under specific climatic conditions) W Under curent climatic conditions Under future climatic conditions TBB 10
11 Simulation details : Input variables : climatic data ( ). Input parameters : relative to species caracteristics (beech), environmental components (North Mt Ventoux). Each tree is caracterised by a Temperature Sum (TSUMBB, input parameter), determining BudBurst The carbon and water-fluxes at tree level are simulated for 53 years. 11
12 The model as designed in 2005 Does not take into account Chilling Does not simulate the post-frost reflushing Modelling the biological effects of late frost on Leaf Area Index, Fagus sylvatica Effects of a late frost in LAI of a Fagus sylvatica (Day of BudBurst = 88). 12
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16 Model improvement : Integration of chilling processes in the phenology module Key questions : Do other fitness proxy reveal similar optimal trait values? How altitude and curent climate change affect optimal values of phenological traits? How about a coniferous species : Abies alba? 16
17 Model improvement : Integration of chilling processes in the phenology module Key questions : Do other fitness proxy reveal similar optimal trait values? How altitude and curent climate change affect optimal values of phenological traits? How about a coniferous species : Abies alba? Thank you for your attention 17
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