RED CELL SHAPE. Physiology, Pathology, Ultrastructure

Transcription

1 RED CELL SHAPE Physiology, Pathology, Ultrastructure

2 RED CELL SHAPE Physiology, Pathology, Ultrastructure Editors Marcel Bessis Robert I~W eed Pierre F. Leblond With 147 Figures Springer Verlag New York Heidelberg. Berlin 1973

3 Proceedings of a Symposium held June 20 and 21, 1972 at the Institute of Cell Pathology, Hopital de Bicetre (as part of the scientific exchange program between N_LH., U.S.A., and LN.S.E.R.M., France) Published as a special issue of Nouvelle Revue Fran~aise d'hematologie, Vol. 12, N 6, December 1972 ISBN-13: : / e-isbn-13: Masson & Cie, Editeurs, Paris Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1973 The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trade marks etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone.

4 PREFACE This monograph is a collection of invited contributions from a group of investigators who share a common interest in the interrelationships between the shape, structure, and functional characteristics of normal and pathologic erythrocytes. Most of the authors participated in a workshop on red cell shape held in June, 1972 at the Institute of Cell Pathology, Hopital de Bicetre, Paris. We hope that these various contributions on the physiology, pathology, and ultrastructure of red cell shape will be useful and stimulating for other investigators interested in the correlation of shape and structure with the biochemistry and biophysics of the red cell. The text is divided into four sections. Section I deals with red cell shape, including the presentation of a rational descriptive nomenclature and a discussion of postsplenectomy changes. Section II deals with biochemical factors that underlie the discocyte-echinocyte (crenated) and discocyte-stomatocyte (cup-shaped) transformation. This section includes discussions of plasma factors, and of the biochemical dynamics of erythrocyte lipids and consideration of the effects of such factors as cellular ATP, calcium, aging, and various chemical agents as determinants of shape. Section III, which deals with biophysical measurements, includes studies of the deformability of cells of different shapes, descriptions of ways to define precisely the geometric dimensions of the red cell under various circumstances, and a model of membrane structure, which is proposed to account for the dimensions of red cells that undergo shape change. Finally, Section IV deals with ultrastructural studies of normal, sickled, and Heinz body-containing red cells. This section also includes a study of cells injured by antibody and complement. There are 14 full-length contributions by 20 authors, plus 4 short contributions. Each contribution presented at the symposium in Paris concludes with a discussion section. February, 1973 MARCEL BESSIS ROBERT I. WEED PIERRE F. LEBLOND

5 CONTENTS Section I. - Red Cell Shape and Nomenclature M. BESSIS. - Red Cell Shapes: An Illustrated Classification and Its Rationale... 1 G. BRECHER. - Nomenclature of Red Cell Shapes. A Commentary G. BRECHER, J. E. HALEY and R. O. WALLERSTEIN. - Spiculed Erythrocytes after Splenectomy Acanthocytes or Non-specific Poikilocytes? Section II. - Discocyte-Echinocyte and Discocyte-Stomatocyte Transformations M. A. LICHTMAN and G. V. MARINETTI. - Erythrocyte Shape Alteration "in vitro": Relationship to Plasma and Cellular Factors. Abstract C. FEO. - The Role of Lysolecithin Formed in Plasma on the Discocyte-echinocyte Transformation. A Commentary S. B. SHOHET and J. E. HALEY. - Red Cell Membrane Shape and Stability: Relation to Cell Lipid Renewal Pathways and Cell ATP J. F. HOFFMAN. - Quantitative Study of Factors which Control Shape Transformations of Human Red Blood Cells of Constant Volume R. I. WEED and B. CHAILLEY. - Calcium-pH Interactions in the Production of Shape Change in Erythrocytes P. L. LA CELLE, F. H. KIRKPATRICK, M. P. UDKOW and B. ARKIN. - Membrane Fragmentation and Ca++-membrane Interaction: Potential Mechanisms of Shape Change in the Senescent Red Cell M. A. LICHTMAN and R. I. WEED. - Divalent Cation Content of Normal and ATP-depleted Erythrocytes and Erythrocyte Membranes Section III. - Biophysical Studies and Membrane Models P. F. LEBLOND. - The Discocyte-echinocyte Transformation of the Human Red Cell: Deformability Characteristics P. B. CANHAM. - Hemolysis, Induced by PUlsed Laser Irradiation, Transmitted along Rouleaux of Human Red Blood Cells B. BULL. - Red Cell Biconcavity and Deformability. A Macromodel Based on Flow Chamber Observations B. BULL. - A Simple Flow Chamber for Hydraulic Manipulation of Individual Cells E. A. EVANS and P. F. LEBLOND. - Image Holograms of Red Single Blood Cell Discocytespheroechinocyte Transformations M. EDEN. - Image Processing Teclmiques in Relation to Studies of Red Cell Shape Section IV. - Membrane Ultrastructure: Freeze-Cleave and Freeze-Etch Studies L. S. LESSIN. - Membrane Ultrastructure of Normal, Sickled and Heinz-body Erythrocytes by Freeze-etching P. SEEMAN and G. H. ILES. - Pits in the Freeze-cleavage Plane of Normal Erythrocyte Membranes and Ultrastructure of Membrane Lesions in Immune Lysis

6 PARTICIPANTS Jean BERNARD, Institut de Recherches sur les Leucemies, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. Marcel BESSIS, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Hopital de Bidltre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Jacques-Louis BINET, Service d'hematologie, Hopital de la Salpetriere, 75013, Paris, France. George BRECHER, Dept. of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94122, U.S.A. Brian S. BULL, Dept. of Pathology, Lorna Linda University, Medical School, Loma Linda, California, 92354, U.S.A. Peter B. CANHAM, Dept. of Biophysics University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Murray EDEN, Dept. of Electrical Engeneeting, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, U.S.A. Patricia Warnock EDEN, Boston University Center for Law and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Evan A. EVANS, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Hopital de Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Claude FEO, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Hopital de Bicetre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Joseph HOFFMAN, Dept. of Physiology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. Paul L. LA CELLE, Depts. of Medicine and of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N. Y., 14642, U.S.A. Pierre F. LEBLOND, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Hopital de Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Lawrence S. LESSIN, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dept. of Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., 20037, U.S.A. Marshall A. LICHTMAN, Depts. of Medicine and of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N. Y., 14642, U.S.A. Herman PASSOW, Dept. of Cell Physiology, Max-Planck-Institut fur Biophysik, 6000 Frankfurt, West Germany. Philip SEEMAN, Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Stephen B. SHOHET, Depts. of Medicine and of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94122, U.S.A. Robert I. WEED, Depts. of Medicine and of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N. Y., 14642, U.S.A.