FIG S1: Rarefaction analysis of observed richness within Drosophila. All calculations were

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1 Page 1 of 14 FIG S1: Rarefaction analysis of observed richness within Drosophila. All calculations were performed using mothur (2). OTUs were defined at the 3% divergence threshold using the average neighbor clustering algorithm. Library identifiers are given in Table 1.

2 Page 2 of 14 FIG S2: Number of OTUs as a function of genetic distance. Number of OTUs was calculated at all genetic distances from 0 (unique sequences) to the largest distance between any two sequences (0.217 for yeast and for bacteria). Clustering was performed using the average neighbor algorithm in mothur (2). Only the twelve populations for which both yeast and bacterial data (1) are available are included in this analysis.

3 Page 3 of 14 FIG S3: Phylogenetic tree of Ascomycete yeasts (Uploaded as a separate file due to its size) Representative sequences of each OTU are highlighted in blue. Each representative sequence has a unique identifier corresponding to a sequence within the FASTA files available on BioTorrents Additionally, each representative sequence has been given a taxonomy assignment (Dataset S7). Unhighlighted taxa are from the SILVA parc database and each is followed by its NCBI accession number. The NEWICK tree file is available on BioTorrents

4 Page 4 of 14 FIG S4: Plot showing procrustes analyses of transformed PCA of yeast and bacterial communities (Unweighted UniFrac, P=0.426) bacterial communities. This plot represents unweighted UniFrac data (P-value=0.426). The KiNG data file for this and the other comparisons (Table 3) is available through BioTorrents

5 Page 5 of 14 FIG S5: Plot showing procrustes analyses of transformed PCA of yeast and bacterial communities (Weighted, non-normalized UniFrac, P=0.086) bacterial communities. This plot represents weighted, non-normalized UniFrac data (Pvalue=0.086). The KiNG data file for this and the other comparisons (Table 3) is available through BioTorrents

6 Page 6 of 14 FIG S6: Plot showing procrustes analyses of transformed PCA of yeast and bacterial communities (Jaccard, P=0.672) bacterial communities. This plot represents Jaccard data (P-value=0.672). The KiNG data file for this and the other comparisons (Table 3) is available through BioTorrents

7 Page 7 of 14 FIG S7: Plot showing procrustes analyses of transformed PCA of yeast and bacterial communities (Binary Jaccard, P=0.478) bacterial communities. This plot represents binary Jaccard data (P-value=0.478). The KiNG data file for this and the other comparisons (Table 3) is available through BioTorrents

8 Page 8 of 14 FIG S8: Plot showing procrustes analyses of transformed PCA of yeast and bacterial communities (Bray-Curtis, P=0.282) bacterial communities. This plot represents Bray-Curtis data (P-value=0.282). The KiNG data file for this and the other comparisons (Table 3) is available through BioTorrents

9 Page 9 of 14 FIG S9: Plot showing procrustes analyses of transformed PCA of yeast and bacterial communities (Sorensen-Dice, P=0.428) bacterial communities. This plot represents Sorensen-Dice data (P-value=0.428). The KiNG data file for this and the other comparisons (Table 3) is available through BioTorrents

10 Page 10 of 14 FIG S10: Plot showing procrustes analyses of transformed PCA of yeast and bacterial communities (Euclidean, P=0.270) bacterial communities. This plot represents Euclidean data (P-value=0.270). The KiNG data file for this and the other comparisons (Table 3) is available through BioTorrents

11 Page 11 of 14 FIG S11: Plot showing procrustes analyses of transformed PCA of yeast and bacterial communities (Binary Euclidean, P=0.117) bacterial communities. This plot represents binary Euclidean data (P-value=0.117). The KiNG data file for this and the other comparisons (Table 3) is available through BioTorrents

12 Page 12 of 14 FIG S12: Plot showing procrustes analyses of transformed PCA of yeast and bacterial communities (Gower, P=0.139) bacterial communities. This plot represents Gower data (P-value=0.139). The KiNG data file for this and the other comparisons (Table 3) is available through BioTorrents

13 Page 13 of 14 FIG S13: Plot showing procrustes analyses of transformed PCA of yeast and bacterial communities (Manhattan, P=0.088) bacterial communities. This plot represents Manhattan data (P-value=0.088). The KiNG data file for this and the other comparisons (Table 3) is available through BioTorrents

14 Page 14 of Chandler, J. A., J. M. Lang, S. Bhatnagar, J. A. Eisen, and A. Kopp Bacterial Communities of Diverse Drosophila Species: Ecological Context of a Host-Microbe Model System. Plos Genetics Schloss, P. D., S. L. Westcott, T. Ryabin, J. R. Hall, M. Hartmann, E. B. Hollister, R. A. Lesniewski, B. B. Oakley, D. H. Parks, C. J. Robinson, J. W. Sahl, B. Stres, G. G. Thallinger, D. J. Van Horn, and C. F. Weber Introducing mothur: Open-Source, Platform-Independent, Community-Supported Software for Describing and Comparing Microbial Communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75:

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