Morphological and Molecular Phylogeny Studies on Eurotiales Isolated from Soil
|
|
- Preston Barnett
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2014 Vol. 10(1): Available online Fungal Diversity ISSN Morphological and Molecular Phylogeny Studies on Eurotiales Isolated from Soil Soytong, M. * and Poeaim, S. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand. Soytong, M. and Poeaim, S. (2014). Morphological and molecular phylogeny studies on Eurotiales isolated from soil. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 10(1): Abstract Seven isolates belonging to Eurotiales were isolated from forest soils in the North of Thailand. These isolates were identified and confirmed down to species level by morphological and molecular phylogeny. Six isolates namely: EU02, EU03, EU04, EU07, EU12 and EU14 were identified as Penicillium verruculosum and isolate EU06 was identified as Neosartorya hiratsukae. Keywords: Penicillium verruculosum, Neosartorya hiratsukae. Introduction Eurotiales is an order of sac fungi, also known as the green and blue molds. The order contains 3 families, 49 genera, and 928 species. It was circumscribed in It belongs to Ascomycota which is the largest phylum of fungi with over 64,000 species (Kirk et al., 2008). Ascomycota which do not have sexual stage to form asci and ascospores, previously placed to Deuteromycota with asexul stage or anamorph which are now identified based on morphology and phylogeny analyses of DNA sequences. Ascomycota have been grouped of absence of asci. Sexual and asexual isolates of the same species commonly carry different binomial species names, for example:- Aspergillus nidulans for asexual and Emericella nidulans for sexual isolates of the same species (Alexopoulos et al., 1996). Asexual reproduction is the dominant form of Ascomycota which occurs through vegetative reproductive spores namely conidia. Eurotiales are widespread and abundant fungi which are known as asexually reproducing fungi. This asexual stage are interested because it implies that to maintain competitive edge without the benefits of genetic recombination. Some mycologists have argued that these fungi do have sexual stages but do not know how to find them. Others believe that there are * Corresponding author: Soytong, M.; m.soytong@gmail.com
2 no sexual stages and so many Eurotiales are large amount of genetic diversity through mutations themselves. Trichocomaceae (Eurotiales) (Klich, 2002; Samson, 1979; Samson and Varga, 2007; Samson et al., 2011; Samson et al. (2004) have a excellent presentation with a key, illustrations, discussions and descriptions of the species commonly found on foods and indoor environments and this reveals for most species of Aspergillus found in environments in the tropics ( Eurotiales are identified as higher classification known as Eurotiomycetes and lower classification as Elaphomycetaceae and Trichocomaceae. Teleomorphs of Aspergillus species are considered to belong to different genera of family Trichocomaceae of the order Eurotiales, class Eurotiomycetes. Many species of Aspergillus are known to reproduce sexually, producing asci and ascospores. The asci are nearly spherical and are borne in nearly spherical cleistothecia. The cleistothecia may themselves be borne within stromatic tissues that range from simple masses of hülle cells to hard sclerotium-like structures. These are discussed in more detail in the section dealing with Eurotiales, Phylum Ascomycota (Webster and Webster, 2007; Yazdani et al., 2011). The research was done to identify soil fungi based on morphological and molecular phylogeny in these species. Materials and methods Samples collection The soil samples were collected from Doi Suthep and Doi Inthanon mountains (Chiang mai, Thailand) in May All samples were kept in sealed plastic bags and brought to laboratory at Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand. The samples were originally isolated by soil plate technique according to the method described by Soytong (1992). Isolation of Eurotiales The Eurotiales fungi were isolated from soil sample by soil plate technique using glucose ammonium nitrate agar (GANA: glucose 20 g, NH4NO3 1 g, difco bacto yeast extract 1 g, K2HPO4 0.5g, rose Bengal 0.06 g, MgSO4 7H2O 0.05g, Streptomycin 0.03 g, Agar 20 g in 1L distilled water). Soil samples were ground into a powder and put onto GANA then incubated for 15 days at room temperature (27-30 C). Fungi growing out as a colony was 190
3 International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2014, Vol. 10 (1): transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) to get pure culture and maintained on PDA for the duration of the experiment. Morphological identification The Eurotiales fungi were grown on PDA for days at room temperature (27-30ºC). Colony characters and microscope feature were observed. Each species was identified based on the methods of Domsch et al. (1993) and Soytong (1992). Nucleic acid preparation, PCR amplification and sequencing All Eurotailes fungi colonies were cultured on potato dextrose broth (PDB) for days at 25ºC. Fungal genomic DNA was obtained from the mycelia of the PDB cultures using the GF-1 plant DNA extraction kit (vivantis, USA). The ITS ribosomal DNA regions were amplified by PCR using oligonucleotide primers ITS1 (TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG) and ITS4 (TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC) X (White et al., 1990). PCR reaction mixture (a total volume is 25 µl) contained 50 ng of DNA template, 20 pmol of each primer, 1.25 mm dntps, 1x buffer, 1 unit of Taq DNA polymerase. PCR condition were programed as follow: initial denaturation at 95 ºC for 1 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 95 ºC for 1 min, annealing at 50,52 ºC for 1 min, and extension at 72 ºC for 2 min, and final extension at 72 ºC for 5 min. The PCR products were purified with PCR purified kit. Sequencing was performed at first base laboratories Sdn Bhd, Malaysia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis The nucleotide sequences were conducted by comparing the DNA sequences against those available in the NCBI Genbank database using a BLASTN search. The DNA sequences were aligned using BioEdit program and performed maximum parsimony in MEGA5. Bootstrap value was determined using heuristic searches with 1000 replications. Results and discussions Isolation and morphological identification In this study, seven isolates showed slow growing property with pigment on PDA at 25 C. The morphological study was observed as microscopic 191
4 characters which some isolates were shown silmilar characters in colony, cleistothecia, asci and ascospores (Table 1 and Fig.1) as reported by Domsch et al. (1993). Therefore, the isolates coded as EU02, EU03, EU04, EU06, EU07, EU12 and EU14 were morphologically compared as shown in Table 1. Table 1. Morphological characters of isolated Eurotiales Code Cleistothecia Asci Ascospores EU02 sub ~ x NA 1.92~3.35 x 1.13~ ~ EU03 NA sub EU ~ x ~ ~9.16 x 7.16~8.89 sub 7.99~9.96 x 6.92~8.97 EU06 NA NA NA EU07 sub ~ x ~ ~11.69 x 8.69~9.95 EU12 EU ~ x ~ ~ x 91.18~ ~11.60 x 9.90~11.55 NA 2.90~4.56 x 2.14~ ~4.85 x 2.90~ ~5.46 x 2.91~ ~5.30 x 2.79~ ~3.35 x 1.13~2.91 EU 02 EU 03 EU
5 International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2014, Vol. 10 (1): EU 07 EU 012 DNA sequencing identification EU 014 Fig. 1. Morphological characters of Eurotiales isolates The sequences were compared with BLASTN in NCBI Genbank showed that EU02, EU03, EU04, EU07, EU12 and EU14 identified as Penicillium verruculosum and EU06 identified as Neosartorya hiratsukae. As seen the literatures that Penicillium verruculosum as anamorph stage (ATCC62396) ( and Neosartorya hiratsukae reported as teleomorph (ATCC MYA-1318) ( All/MYA-1318.aspx) as seen in Fig.2. This study confirmed that isolates: EU02, EU03, EU04, EU07, EU12 and EU14 were Penicillium verruculosum according to morphology and molecular taxonomy. The activity of these isolates is still doubtful but Gyorgy (1981) stated that P. verruculosum WA 30 expressed cellulase productivity and successfully enhanced nearly threefold in medium experiments. The ph and 193
6 temperature optima for WA 30 cellulase complex were ph 4.2 and 60 C. It is interesting to find out on enzyme activity among these isolates. As a result, Neosartorya hiratsukae EU06 is confirmed by molecular phylogeny but the activity of this isolate is not known. It must carefully work on this species because Guarro et al. (2002) reported for the first time that Neosartorya hiratsukae, an Ascomycetes which the asexual conidia resembles Aspergillus fumigatus causes a brain infection in a Brazilian woman. However, Hawksworth (2009) reported that Neosartorya fumigata is given to the sexual stage which is also asexually produced as A. fumigates and the analogy of Aspergillus nidulans where its teleomorph Emericella nidulans. The two names for the same species which are same genomic sequence is certainly a confusing aspect of mycology. The morphological description of species and that before DNA or molecular approaches to identification it was difficult to decide its anamorph or teleomorph. Hawksworth makes an important point especially when discussing something where the anamorphs and teleomorphs are unified. A number of genera have been proposed to teleomorphs, including Emericella, Eurotium, and Neosartorya which genetic studies have shown these genera to be rather closely related and possibly not distinct from Aspergillus. Fig. 2. Maximum parsimony tree of Eurotiales isolation based on ITS1, 5.8S rdna, ITS2 sequence using Chaetomium globosum as the out group speciesc with bootstrap test (1000 replicates). 194
7 International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2014, Vol. 10 (1): Conclusion Seven isolates belongs to Eurotiales were isolated from forest soils. These isolates were identified and confirmed species by morphological and molecular phylogeny. Six isolates of EU02, EU03, EU04, EU07, EU12 and EU14 identified as Penicillium verruculosum and one isolate EU06 identified as Neosartorya hiratsukae. Further study will be tested biological activity of these fungal metabolites against some human and plant pathogens and possible testing for some enzyme activity. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Asst. Prof. Dr. Supattar Poeaim for her kind suggestions on this work.this paper is a part of the author s masters thesis. References Alexopoulos, C. J., Mims, C. W. and Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology. John Wiley and Sons. New York. Domsch, K. and Gams, W. (1993). Compendium of Soil Fungi. Vol.1. IHW-Verlag. Academic Press. Guarro, J., Esper G. K., Patricio, G., Anna, K., Josepa, G., Alberto, S. and Arnaldo, L.C. (2002). Cerebral Aspergillosis Caused by Neosartorya hiratsukae, Brazil. Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases. 9 pp. Hawksworth, D. (2009). Separate name for fungus s sexual stage may cause confusion. Nature 458: Kirk, P. M., Cannon, P. F., Minter, D. W., Stalpers, J. A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. 248 pp. Samson, R. and Flannigan, B. (1994). Health Implications of Fungi in Indoor Environments. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Samson, R. and Hoekstra, E. (1995). Introduction to Food-Borne Fungi. Centralbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn. Soytong, K. (1992). Antagonism of Chaetomium cupreum to Pyricularia oryzae. Journal of Plant Protection in the Tropics 9: Webster, J. (1970). Introduction to Fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Yazdani, D., Ahmad, Z. A. M., How, T. W. and Qaderi, A. (2011). Isolation and identification of Eurotium species from contaminated rice by morphology and DNA sequencing. International Journal of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology 1: (Received 15 October 2013; accepted 12 January 2014) 195
Efficacy of Nano Particles from Chaetomium cupreum to Control Phytophthora spp. Causing Root Rot of Durian
International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2017 Vol. 13(7.1):1295-1300 Available online http://www.ijat-aatsea.com ISSN 1686-9141 Efficacy of Nano Particles from Chaetomium cupreum to Control Phytophthora
More informationINTRODUCTION budding, binary fission hyphae mycelium Figure 1.
INTRODUCTION Although most of our work in this lab is done on bacteria, fungi are nonetheless an important aspect in microbiology. Besides being important food providers, fungi play central roles in recycling
More informationA Study of the Moss Parasite Eocronartium muscicola By: Alicia Knudson Advisor: Dr. Elizabeth Frieders
A Study of the Moss Parasite Eocronartium muscicola By: Alicia Knudson Advisor: Dr. Elizabeth Frieders Abstract The genus Eocronartium contains a single described species of parasitic fungus on moss plants
More informationOverview of Ascomycota
Overview of Ascomycota Ascomycota ~ 6,350 Genera ~ 64,200 Species compared to Basidiomycota ~ 1,350 Genera ~31,500 Species Between 17,000-20,000 species (~ 30-40%) of Ascomycota are lichenized Many species
More informationThis thesis is an outcome of efforts made on studies on the diversity, ecology and
Chapter V SUMMARY This thesis is an outcome of efforts made on studies on the diversity, ecology and activities of microfungi associated with some medicinal plants of the forests of Western Ghats in Goa,
More informationKingdom Fungi. 1. Student will be able to describe the characteristic features in the kingdom Fungi.
Kingdom Fungi Molds, Sac Fungi, Mushrooms, and Lichens Essential Question(s): What makes fungi have their own kingdom? Objectives: 1. Student will be able to describe the characteristic features in the
More informationBiology I: Macaw Book Unit IV: Microbiology
Biology I: Macaw Book Unit IV: Microbiology Chapter 21 Fungus Fungus Lab Name: Date: Hour: Fungus Lab Pre-Lab Discussion Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls that contain chitin. Most people
More information21-2 Classification of Fungi Slide 2 of 44
2 of 44 Fungi are classified according to their structure and method of reproduction. The four main groups of fungi are: Common molds (Zygomycota) Sac fungi (Ascomycota) Club fungi (Basidiomycota) Imperfect
More informationKingdom Fungi. Learning Objectives. Introduction. Activity1: Zygomycota. Revised Fall 2017
Kingdom Fungi Revised Fall 2017 ** You will require your text book Biological Science during this lab ** Learning Objectives Building on the learning objectives from your lab syllabus, you will be expected
More informationFungi What are they? Diverse group of eukaryotic organisms 100,000 to 1,000,000 species
Kingdom Fungi Fungi What are they? Diverse group of eukaryotic organisms 100,000 to 1,000,000 species Fungi Characteristics Kingdom includes Molds, mushrooms & yeasts Characteristically: Most are multicellular
More informationInvestigation 7: Cell Division Part B: Meiosis and Crossing Over
Background Investigation 7: Cell Division Part B: Meiosis and Crossing Over Ascomycota are a diverse group of fungi including the familiar single-celled baker s yeast, the complex morel mushroom, and the
More informationChapter 12. Eukaryotes. Characterizing and Classifying. 8/3/2014 MDufilho 1
Chapter 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes 8/3/2014 MDufilho 1 General Characteristics of Eukaryotic Organisms Five major groups Protozoa Fungi Algae Water molds Slime molds Include both human
More informationReport of Blue Mould Rot of Rhizome of Tiger Lily (Gloriosa superb Linn)
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 3/ June 2014 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.1 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) Report of Blue Mould Rot of Rhizome of Tiger Lily (Gloriosa superb
More informationCharacterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes. Fungi. Chemoheterotrophic. Have cell walls typically composed of chitin. Do not perform photosynthesis
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes Chemoheterotrophic Have cell walls typically
More informationKingdom Fungi. The characteristics of fungi The evolution of the fungi Fungal classification
Kingdom Fungi The characteristics of fungi The evolution of the fungi Fungal classification The Characteristics of Fungi Body form * unicellular * filamentous (tube-like strands called hypha (singular)
More informationEndophytic fungi as a biodiversity hotspot: the case of Centaurea stoebe (spotted knapweed)
Endophytic fungi as a biodiversity hotspot: the case of Centaurea stoebe (spotted knapweed) Alexey Shipunov Department of Forest Resources University of Idaho Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe L., also
More informationCharacterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes. Fungi. Chemoheterotrophic. Have cell walls typically composed of chitin. Do not perform photosynthesis
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes Chemoheterotrophic Have cell walls typically
More informationKingdom Fungi. Announcements
Kingdom Fungi Announcements Friday lab: Fungi & Lichen Bring a Lichen to ID! Do prelab Quiz #4 Friday Study Prokaryotes & Protists Mushroom Fest extra credit due Fri Email me or bring to lab Endosymbiosis
More informationThe case for culturable air sampling for opportunistic fungi during healthcare construction
The case for culturable air sampling for opportunistic fungi during healthcare construction AIHCE 2007, Philadelphia, PA June 2007 Laurence Lee, CIH Pacific Industrial Hygiene LLC pacific.ih@comcast.net
More informationNORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY. Screening of Chemical Libraries in Search of Inhibitors of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis. A Thesis Submitted to the
NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY Screening of Chemical Libraries in Search of Inhibitors of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis A Thesis Submitted to the University Honors Program In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
More informationVerlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter Book Reviews
Book Reviews Kiffer, E. & M. Morelet (2000). The deuteromycetes: mitosporic fungi, classification and generic keys. - Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, NH 03748, USA. ISBN 1-57808-068-1; 273pp. Three
More informationFungi are absorptive heterotrophs that secrete digestive enzymes and are major decomposers of dead organic material
Fungi 1 2002 Prentice Hall, Inc The scarlet hood (Hygrocybe coccinea) Fungi are absorptive heterotrophs that secrete digestive enzymes and are major decomposers of dead organic material 2 Animals 3 Myxozoa
More informationCOVENANT UNIVERSITY ALPHA SEMESTER TUTORIAL KIT (VOL. 2) 200 LEVEL
COVENANT UNIVERSITY ALPHA SEMESTER TUTORIAL KIT (VOL. 2) P R O G R A M M E : M I C R O B I O LO GY 200 LEVEL DISCLAIMER The contents of this document are intended for practice and learning purposes at
More informationOCR Biology Checklist
Topic 1. Cell level systems Video: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Compare the structure of animal and plant cells. Label typical and atypical prokaryotic cells. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
More informationResearcher 2016;8(2)
Checklist of Ascomycetous Fungi Isolated from Soil Samples in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja Oyedeji, Funmilayo Nike Department of Biology, Federal Capital Territory College of Education, P.M.B. 61, Abuja,
More informationOCR Biology Checklist
Topic 1. Cell level systems Video: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Compare the structure of animal and plant cells. Label typical and atypical prokaryotic cells. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
More informationDomain: Eukarya Kingdom: FUNGI
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: FUNGI Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls. They are part of the nature s recycling system. They break down organic compounds. Fungi are used in wine, beer, cheese,
More information19.1 Diversity of Protists. KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
19.1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. 19.1 Diversity of Protists Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. Protists are eukaryotes
More informationMitosis and Meiosis. 2. The distribution of chromosomes in one type of cell division is shown in the diagram below.
Name: Date: 1. Jack bought a small turtle. Three months later, the turtle had grown to twice its original size. Which of the following statements best describes why Jack s turtle got bigger? A. Parts of
More informationThe practice of naming and classifying organisms is called taxonomy.
Chapter 18 Key Idea: Biologists use taxonomic systems to organize their knowledge of organisms. These systems attempt to provide consistent ways to name and categorize organisms. The practice of naming
More informationWDCM Training Course for Developing Countries on Microbial Resources Information Management and Utilization
WDCM Training Course for Developing Countries on Microbial Resources Information Management and Utilization September 6-23, 2016 Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing, China
More informationLecture 3. The fungal cell - II
Lecture 3 The fungal cell - II Asexual reproduction - formation of conidiospores (mitotic spores) Typical of Ascomycota Induction / suppression of conidiogenesis is controlled by both genetic and environmental
More informationDistance Learning course Plant pathology and entomology Covered topics
Distance Learning course Plant pathology and entomology Covered topics The distance learning course Plant pathology and entomology consist of four online modules that treat with the main groups of plant
More informationCurriculum Links. AQA GCE Biology. AS level
Curriculum Links AQA GCE Biology Unit 2 BIOL2 The variety of living organisms 3.2.1 Living organisms vary and this variation is influenced by genetic and environmental factors Causes of variation 3.2.2
More informationA. Correct! Taxonomy is the science of classification. B. Incorrect! Taxonomy is the science of classification.
DAT - Problem Drill 07: Diversity of Life Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as 1. What is taxonomy? Question #01 (A) Taxonomy
More informationDetection of Biocontrol Agents from Contaminated Fungal Culture Plates. Abstract
Plant Environment Development 4(2):21-25, 2015 (July) Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi e-mail: plant.environ.dev@ru.ac.bd Print ISSN 1994-1501 Online ISSN 2311-3529 Short Communication Detection
More informationCLASSIFICATION UNIT GUIDE DUE WEDNESDAY 3/1
CLASSIFICATION UNIT GUIDE DUE WEDNESDAY 3/1 MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY 2/13 2/14 - B 2/15 2/16 - B 2/17 2/20 Intro to Viruses Viruses VS Cells 2/21 - B Virus Reproduction Q 1-2 2/22 2/23
More informationEukaryotes Most are saprobes (live on dead organisms) Grow best in warm, moist environments Mycology is the study of fungi
KINGDOM FUNGI 1 Characteristics 2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI Eukaryotes Most are saprobes (live on dead organisms) Grow best in warm, moist environments Mycology is the study of fungi 3 THE CHARACTERISTICS
More informationWorkshop on Kingdom Fungi
Workshop on Kingdom Fungi by Dana Krempels Introduction Kingdom Fungi is an ostensibly monophyletic assemblage of ecologically important organisms that not only perform the vital function of decomposition,
More informationA) Parasitic B) Mutualistic C) Decomposer D) The first and second responses are both correct. E) All of the listed responses are correct.
Chapter 31, 10 th edition Q1.Fungi are organisms. ( Concept 31.1) A) mixotrophic B) chemoautotrophic C) photoheterotrophic D) photoautotrophic E) chemoheterotrophic Q2. fungi absorb nutrients from living
More informationISOLATION, FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF NOVEL FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES INHABITING LEAVES OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS
Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2013 Prerna Momsia and Teena Momsia, 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 2, No. 4, October 2013 2013 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved ISOLATION, FREQUENCY
More information3/22/2011. Review. Review. Mitosis: division of cells that results in two identical daughter cells with same genetic information as the first cell
Review Review Mitosis: division of cells that results in two identical daughter cells with same genetic information as the first cell Meiosis: division of cells that results in daughter cells with one-half
More informationUNIT XI. Kingdom Fungi
UNIT XI Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi The Study of Fungi is called Mycology What is probably the largest living organism on earth has been discovered in the Malheur National Forest in eastern Oregon. A fungus
More information2013 Assessment Report. Biology Level 1
National Certificate of Educational Achievement 2013 Assessment Report Biology Level 1 90927 Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms 90928 Demonstrate understanding of
More informationBIOCONTROL OF ROOT ROT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS
South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1993. 16:70-72 BIOCONTROL OF ROOT ROT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS J.A. DUVENHAGE 1 AND J.M. KOTZÉ 2 Merensky Technological Services, P.O. Box 14, Duiwelskloof
More informationChanges to Nomenclatural Rules for Fungi
Changes to Nomenclatural Rules for Fungi International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018, 10(5): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018, 10(5): 84-88 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Fungal Biodiversity Study of Varied Soil Samples
More informationIntroduction to Biology with Lab
Introduction to Biology with Lab Course Text/Materials Mader, Sylvia S. Inquiry into Life, 12th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2008, ISBN: 9780073309330 [find and buy the text: Straighterline.com/textbooks] Custom
More informationVCE BIOLOGY Relationship between the key knowledge and key skills of the Study Design and the Study Design
VCE BIOLOGY 2006 2014 Relationship between the key knowledge and key skills of the 2000 2005 Study Design and the 2006 2014 Study Design The following table provides a comparison of the key knowledge (and
More informationTaxonomy. Content. How to determine & classify a species. Phylogeny and evolution
Taxonomy Content Why Taxonomy? How to determine & classify a species Domains versus Kingdoms Phylogeny and evolution Why Taxonomy? Classification Arrangement in groups or taxa (taxon = group) Nomenclature
More informationMorphological and Cultural Studies of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. causing Foot Rot Disease of Tomato
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 3 (2017) pp. 1146-1153 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.133
More informationno.1 Raya Ayman Anas Abu-Humaidan
no.1 Raya Ayman Anas Abu-Humaidan Introduction to microbiology Let's start! As you might have concluded, microbiology is the study of all organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye, Ex:
More informationBooks for consideration to review in this section should be posted to the Editor-in-chief.
Fungal Diversity Book reviews Rating system Books for consideration to review in this section should be posted to the Editor-in-chief. Exceptional/brilliant. Excellent. Good. Has merit. Not worth reading.
More informationIdentification of culturable endophytes isolated from apple tissues with antagonism towards Neonectria ditissima
Identification of culturable endophytes isolated from apple tissues with antagonism towards Neonectria ditissima Jing Liu, Hayley Ridgway & Eirian Jones Background Apple production in NZ widely cultivated
More informationMEIOSIS LAB INTRODUCTION PART I: SIMULATION OF MEIOSIS EVOLUTION. Activity #9
AP BIOLOGY EVOLUTION Unit 1 Part 7 Chapter 13 Activity #9 NAME DATE PERIOD MEIOSIS LAB INTRODUCTION Meiosis involves two successive nuclear divisions that produce four haploid cells. Meiosis I is the reduction
More informationBack Lesson Print Directed Reading A Section: Fungi CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Fungi CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI 1. What are fungi? 2. How do fungi get nutrients? 3. Many fungi are, which feed on dead plant or animal matter, while other fungi
More informationFaculty of Biosciences Department of Plant Sciences Master in Plant Sciences
Faculty of Biosciences Department of Plant Sciences Master in Plant Sciences Specializations: Plant Production Systems Plant Biotechnology Plant Protection Admission 2018 Master in Plant Sciences Master
More informationASSIGNMENT-1. M.Sc. ( Previous ) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018 First Year MICROBIOLOGY Introduction Microorganisms
ASSIGNMENT-1 Introduction Microorganisms (DMB 01) Q1) Germ theory of diseases. Q2) Leeuwenhoek. Q3) Mycoplasmas. Q4) Rhizobium. Q5) T4 Q6) Viroids. Q7) Protozoa classification. ASSIGNMENT-2 Introduction
More informationFungi with a Fun Guy: Feasts, Famines and the Fungus among Us Lauren Jackson v1.0
Fungi with a Fun Guy: Feasts, Famines and the Fungus among Us Lauren Jackson 2016-05-21 v1.0 Session Goals: 1. Investigate how fungi impact our food system a. Visualize fungal structures used to decay
More information3) What are the names of the SIX kingdoms? Next to each one, write whether it is prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Topic #1: Taxonomy 1) What is taxonomy? system of naming and classifying organisms 2) Name the eight levels of taxonomic categories, starting with the most general and ending with the most specific. Domain,
More informationMiGA: The Microbial Genome Atlas
December 12 th 2017 MiGA: The Microbial Genome Atlas Jim Cole Center for Microbial Ecology Dept. of Plant, Soil & Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan U.S.A. Where I m From
More informationCopyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. FUNGI
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. FUNGI FUNGI Fungi are absorptive heterotrophic eukaryotes that digest their food externally and absorb the nutrients Most fungi consist of a mass of threadlike hyphae
More informationMicrobial Taxonomy and the Evolution of Diversity
19 Microbial Taxonomy and the Evolution of Diversity Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Taxonomy Introduction to Microbial Taxonomy
More informationPLANT BIOLOGY (PBIO) Plant Biology (PBIO) 1
Plant Biology (PBIO) 1 PLANT BIOLOGY (PBIO) PBIO 1052 How Plants Shaped Our World (LN) Description: This course is an eclectic dive into the world of plants and their influence on human society. Students
More informationAn Analysis of Fungal Infection in Some Economically Important Freshwater Fishes of Mayanur Dam, Karur District, Tamil Nadu, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 01 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.701.128
More informationAssessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms (90927)
NCEA Level 1 Biology (90927) 2016 page 1 of 5 Assessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms (90927) Evidence Statement Question One No response
More informationbelonging to the Genus Pantoea
Emerging diseases of maize and onion caused by bacteria belonging to the Genus Pantoea by Teresa Goszczynska Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctoriae in
More informationLong Term Preservation of Commercial Important Fungi in Glycerol at 4 C
International Journal of Biological Chemistry 9 (2): 79-85, 2015 ISSN 1819-155X / DOI: 10.3923/ijbc.2015.79.85 2015 Academic Journals Inc. Long Term Preservation of Commercial Important Fungi in Glycerol
More informationBiology (age 11-14) Subject map
Biology Biology (age 11-14) Subject map Big ideas and key concepts The Best Evidence Science Teaching resources can be used with your existing scheme of work, if desired. However, we have used research
More informationFUNGI are very successful and widespread
because fungi have cell walls, and show a superficial resemblance, Fungi were long allied with PLANTS in fact they differ greatly from plants and are now considered to be more closely related to ANIMALS
More informationDepartment Curriculum and Assessment Outline
Department: Science Year Group: 10 Teaching, learning and assessment during the course: Combined Science 1 2 B1 Key concepts in Biology B2 Cells and control What are the structure and function of cells.
More informationExploring Creation With Biology
Exploring Creation With Biology Semester 1 2013 Daily Plan Class The Class on will be a Lab Section where homework, lab reports and tests will be collected and labs will be performed. DATE DAY PAGE Topic
More informationFungi. Objectives: Introduction:
Fungi Objectives: Be able to explain how fungi acquire their nutrients. Be able to explain the structural role that chitin (a substance also found in the exoskeletons of arthropods!) plays in fungi. Gain
More informationFINAL VERSION_ Secondary Preservice Teacher Standards -- Life Science AFK12SE/NGSS Strand Disciplinary Core Idea
Secondary Preservice Teacher Standards -- Life Science AFK12SE/NGSS Strand Disciplinary Core Idea LS1: From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes LS1.A: Structure and Function How do the structures
More informationFactors Affecting the Infection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Transformed Root Culture
Factors Affecting the Infection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Transformed Root Culture Poonpilai Suwanaritl, Savitri Ascharakul2, Omsub Nopamornbodi3 and Malee Suwana-adth4 I Department
More informationMicrobiome: 16S rrna Sequencing 3/30/2018
Microbiome: 16S rrna Sequencing 3/30/2018 Skills from Previous Lectures Central Dogma of Biology Lecture 3: Genetics and Genomics Lecture 4: Microarrays Lecture 12: ChIP-Seq Phylogenetics Lecture 13: Phylogenetics
More informationFungal Characteristics 1)Cell wall made of Chitin 2)Heterotrophs and major Decomposers 3)Body is made of Long filaments of hyphae which form a
Fungal Characteristics 1)Cell wall made of Chitin 2)Heterotrophs and major Decomposers 3)Body is made of Long filaments of hyphae which form a mycelium 4)Reproduce sexually and asexually Asexually by spores
More informationTaxonomy and Biodiversity
Chapter 25/26 Taxonomy and Biodiversity Evolutionary biology The major goal of evolutionary biology is to reconstruct the history of life on earth Process: a- natural selection b- mechanisms that change
More information3.1: Place of collection of entomopathogenic nematode isolates : Measurement of 12 bacterial isolates 45
List of Tables 3.1: Place of collection of entomopathogenic nematode isolates... 39 3.2: Measurement of 12 bacterial isolates 45 3.3: Colony morphology of bacteria on nutrient agar 46 3.4: Colony morphology
More informationFungi. Kingdoms Fungi & Plantae. Fungi and Plants. Fungi and Plants. Phytophthora, Plasmopara. Rusts. Lecture 16
Lecture 16 Kingdoms Fungi & Plantae Plantae Fungi Animalia Fungi and Plants Three lines of evolution from Protista based on mode of nutrition: Animals: Ingestion Fungi: Absorption Plants: Photosynthesis
More informationMEDICAL MYCOLOGY. Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory
MEDICAL MYCOLOGY Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology Institute of Microbiology and Immunology Medical Faculty in Belgrade, 2010 The goal of teaching: 1. The morphology
More informationChapter 31: Fungi. Student:
Chapter 31: Fungi Student: 1. Specialized symbiotic associations between the roots of plants and fungi are called A) lichens. B) hyphal associations. C) heterokaryotic junctions. D) mycorrhizae. E) a mycelium
More informationPrereq: Concurrent 3 CH
0201107 0201101 General Biology (1) General Biology (1) is an introductory course which covers the basics of cell biology in a traditional order, from the structure and function of molecules to the structure
More informationNUTRITION: A) Saprophytes = break down material extracellularly with secreted enzymes : eg) mushrooms, molds
KINGDOM FUNGI (MYCOPHYTA) Mycology = the study of fungi fossil record dates to 900 million years ago at one time classified in the Plantae Kingdom Recent molecular evidence suggests that fungi are probably
More informationMicrobial DNA qpcr Multi-Assay Kit Clostridium perfringens Pathogenicity
Microbial DNA qpcr Multi-Assay Kit Clostridium perfringens Pathogenicity Cat. no. 330043 BBID-1507ZR-3 For real-time PCR-based, application-specific microbial identification or profiling The Clostridium
More informationOutline. Classification of Living Things
Outline Classification of Living Things Chapter 20 Mader: Biology 8th Ed. Taxonomy Binomial System Species Identification Classification Categories Phylogenetic Trees Tracing Phylogeny Cladistic Systematics
More informationHow we study diversity: phylogenetic tree. Fungi vs. Animals. Fungi vs. Plants 3/8/18
Ya Yang yangya@umn.edu How we study diversity: phylogenetic tree Office Hours: Monday 10-12 AM 714 Biological Sciences Center Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are more closely related to animals than
More informationPost-doc fellowships to non-eu researchers FINAL REPORT. Home Institute: Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, CUBA
Recipient: Maickel Armenteros Almanza. Post-doc fellowships to non-eu researchers FINAL REPORT Home Institute: Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, CUBA Promoter: Prof. Dr. Wilfrida
More informationWorksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #13 Bacteriology
Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #13 Bacteriology Ex. 13-1: INVESTIGATING CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA Lab Study A: Colony Morphology Table 13.1 Characteristics of Bacterial Colonies Name of Bacteria
More informationIn association to the 9 th ICPP, Turin Italy 25 29, 2008
3rd International Phytophthora Pythium and related genera workshop: Integration of of Traditional and Modern Approaches for Investigating the Taxonomy and Evolution Turin Italy, 23-24 August2008 In association
More informationSummary of changes (certificate to new GCSE)
Summary of changes (certificate to new GCSE) This resource outlines the main changes that have been made to the assessment and subject content from our legacy Level 1/2 Certificate in Biology (8401) to
More informationProgress on DNA Barcoding of Fungi
Progress on DNA Barcoding of Fungi On 17 18 April 2011, members of the Fungal Working Group (FWG) of the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) met in the classic surroundings of the King s Chamber
More informationTEST SUMMARY AND FRAMEWORK TEST SUMMARY
Washington Educator Skills Tests Endorsements (WEST E) TEST SUMMARY AND FRAMEWORK TEST SUMMARY BIOLOGY Copyright 2014 by the Washington Professional Educator Standards Board 1 Washington Educator Skills
More informationProtists are in the Eukaryote Domain
Protista Protists are in the Eukaryote Domain All protists are eukaryotic (cells with a nucleus) Euglena Paramecium Amoeba Protists are really just all of the Eukaryotes that don t fit into the Animal,
More informationKeywords. Podosphaera leucotricha, scanning electron microscopy. Summary
Scanning electron microscopy of apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha, Ell and Ev.) fungi infecting susceptible Jonathan apple cultivar leaf mesophyll ZS. JAKAB-ILYEFALVI 1 1 Fruit Research and
More informationChapter 16: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies
Chapter Review 1. Use the phylogenetic tree shown at the right to complete the following. a. Explain how many clades are indicated: Three: (1) chimpanzee/human, (2) chimpanzee/ human/gorilla, and (3)chimpanzee/human/
More informationProcesses of Evolution
15 Processes of Evolution Forces of Evolution Concept 15.4 Selection Can Be Stabilizing, Directional, or Disruptive Natural selection can act on quantitative traits in three ways: Stabilizing selection
More informationFundamentals of Small- Scale Mushroom Production
Fundamentals of Small- Scale Mushroom Production presented by Dr. Barry Pryor Professor, School of Plant Sciences & Thom Plasse Instructional Specialist, Pima County Cooperative Extension, Tucson Village
More informationText of objective. Investigate and describe the structure and functions of cells including: Cell organelles
This document is designed to help North Carolina educators teach the s (Standard Course of Study). NCDPI staff are continually updating and improving these tools to better serve teachers. Biology 2009-to-2004
More informationZoosporic Fungi Detected and Isolated from the Environment Chytrid Lore and More. Joyce E. Longcore School of Biology & Ecology
Zoosporic Fungi Detected and Isolated from the Environment Chytrid Lore and More Joyce E. Longcore School of Biology & Ecology Couch, J.N. (1939) Sparrow, F. K. (1943, 1960) Karling, J. S. (1945) Remy,
More information