Back Lesson Print Directed Reading A Section: Fungi CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

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1 Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Fungi CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI 1. What are fungi? 2. How do fungi get nutrients? 3. Many fungi are, which feed on dead plant or animal matter, while other fungi are. 4. Explain how plants and fungi can benefit from each other through a mycorrhiza. Match the correct definition with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. 5. a beneficial relationship between a plant and a fungus 6. the twisted mass that forms when hyphae grow together 7. threadlike fungal fibers 8. the small reproductive cells that are protected by a thick cell wall a. hyphae b. spores c. mycorrhiza d. mycelium Holt Science and Technology 9 Protists and Fungi

2 9. All fungi are made of cells. 10. Where is the mycelium found? 11. Describe the two types of asexual reproduction that take place in fungi. 12. Sexual reproduction in fungi happens when special structures form to make. KINDS OF FUNGI 13. Which of the following type of fungus is shapeless and fuzzy? a. yeast c. mold b. penicillium d. mushroom 14. Which of the following groups does black bread mold belong to? a. threadlike fungi c. club fungi b. sac fungi d. imperfect fungi 15. Where do most of the threadlike fungi live? a. in soil c. in water b. in another organism d. in sand 16. What are the spore cases on threadlike fungi called? a. sacs c. spore mold b. sporangia d. morels 17. Name the four groups of fungi. 18. Describe the two types of reproduction that take place in threadlike fungi. Holt Science and Technology 10 Protists and Fungi

3 19. The largest group of fungi are. 20. Some examples of sac fungi are,,, and. 21. When sac fungi reproduce sexually, they form a sac called a(n). 22. Name two ways sac fungi are useful. Match the correct definition with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. Some terms will not be used. 23. a form of asexual reproduction used by yeasts 24. a disease caused by sac fungi 25. the group of fungi mushrooms belong to 26. clublike structures on club fungi 27. a fungi that grows outward from wood and forms small shelves a. threadlike fungi b. basidia c. budding d. club fungi e. chestnut blight f. bracket fungi g. Penicillium h. aflatoxin 28. a poison produced by an imperfect fungi 29. a fungi used to make an antibiotic 30. Why do mushrooms often appear in circles? 31. The most familiar mushrooms are fungi. Holt Science and Technology 11 Protists and Fungi

4 32. Bracket fungi, puffballs, smuts, and rusts are all fungi. 33. Imperfect fungi do not reproduce. 34. A common human skin disease caused by imperfect fungi is. LICHENS 35. A lichen is a combination of what two organisms? a. fungus and alga c. fungus and mushroom b. alga and yeast d. yeast and mushroom 36. Because lichens produce their food through photosynthesis, which group do they belong to? a. consumers c. producers b. parasites d. hosts 37. What allows lichens to live in even the driest environments without drying out? 38. Why can lichens grow on rocks? 39. Give one example of how a lichen changes its surroundings in a way that allows other organisms to live there. 40. Why are lichens easily affected by air pollution? Holt Science and Technology 12 Protists and Fungi

5 TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE 25. When the amoeba surrounds its food with is pseudopodia a food vacuole is formed. 26. Enzymes move into the vacuole to digest the food and the digested food then passes to the amoeba. It is also used to help remove waste. 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. E 31. D 32. when one organism lives closely with another and they both benefit 33. to help a ciliate move and feed 34. micronucleus 35. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Spore-forming protists are parasites and they have no cilia or flagella. 36. in moist soil or other organisms 37. as decomposers eating dead matter, or as parasites using living plants, animals, algae, or fungi as hosts 38. Slime molds look like thin, colorful, shapeless globs of slime. 39. yeast 40. spores 41. Spores develop into new slime molds when stressful environmental conditions improve. SECTION: FUNGI 1. Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have rigid cell walls and no chlorophyll. 2. Fungi get nutrients by secreting digestive juices onto a food source and then absorbing the dissolved food. 3. decomposers, parasites 4. The plant provides nutrients to the fungus and the fungus protects the plant from disease causing organisms. 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. eukaryotic 10. underneath the ground 11. In one type the hyphae break apart and each new piece becomes a new fungus. In the second type, spores are produced and will grow into a new fungus. 12. sex cells 13. C 14. A 15. A 16. B 17. threadlike, sac, club, imperfect 18. They reproduce asexually when the sporangia break open and release spores. They reproduce sexually when a hypha from one individual joins another hypha. The hyphae grow into specialized sporangia that release sexual spores. 19. sac fungi 20. yeasts, powdery mildews, truffles, morels 21. ascus 22. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Yeasts are used in making bread. Sac fungi are also used as sources of antibiotics. 23. C 24. E 25. D 26. B 27. F 28. H 29. G 30. They usually grow at the edges of the mass of hyphae. 31. gill 32. club 33. sexually 34. athlete s foot 35. A 36. C 37. The protective wall of a lichen keeps water inside them and keeps them from drying out. 38. because they only need air, light, and minerals to grow 39. Lichens make acid that makes cracks in rocks. Dead lichens fall in the cracks and form soil so other organisms can grow in the soil. 40. Lichens absorb water and minerals from the air. Holt Science and Technology 91 Protists and Fungi