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1 Slide 1 / 43 New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others. lick to go to website:

2 Slide 2 / 43 Evolution Multiple hoice Review

3 Slide 3 / 43 1 There are approximately 8.7 million species living on Earth. What constitutes a single species? Organisms that live in the same area and that comp with each other. Organisms that have the same adaptations and that compete with each other. Organisms that can produce viable offspring, wheth not they live in the same environment. Organisms that have exactly the same alleles, and produce either viable or sterile offspring.

4 Slide 3 (nswer) / 43 1 There are approximately 8.7 million species living on Earth. What constitutes a single species? Organisms that live in the same area and that comp with each other. nswer Organisms that have the same adaptations and that compete with each other. Organisms that can produce viable offspring, wheth not they live in the same environment. [This object is a pull tab] Organisms that have exactly the same alleles, and produce either viable or sterile offspring.

5 Slide 4 / 43 2 Traits which benefit an organism in its environment are referred to as adaptations. Which of the following is accurate regarding adaptations? They are entirely the result of genetics. They are the result of genetics and environment. They can all change within a single organism s lifet They occur only when a new species arises.

6 Slide 4 (nswer) / 43 2 Traits which benefit an organism in its environment are referred to as adaptations. Which of the following is accurate regarding adaptations? nswer They are entirely the result of genetics. They are the result of genetics and environment. They can all change within a single organism s lifet They occur only when a new [This species object is a pull tab] arises.

7 Slide 5 / 43 3 The theory of acquired characteristics can be attributed to harles arwin Jean-aptiste Lamarck Gregor Mendel oth Gregor Mendel and harles arwin

8 Slide 5 (nswer) / 43 3 The theory of acquired characteristics can be attributed to harles arwin nswer Jean-aptiste Lamarck Gregor Mendel oth Gregor Mendel and harles arwin [This object is a pull tab]

9 Slide 6 / 43 4 Which of the following is accurate regarding the impact of the environment upon the inheritance of traits?? Environmental factors can regulate the expression o traits. Environmental factors can change the inheritance o Environmental factors cannot affect the expression traits. The only factor that impacts traits or their expressio genes.

10 Slide 6 (nswer) / 43 4 Which of the following is accurate regarding the impact of the environment upon the inheritance of traits?? Environmental factors can regulate the expression o traits. nswer Environmental factors can change the inheritance o Environmental factors cannot affect the expression traits. [This object is a pull tab] The only factor that impacts traits or their expressio genes.

11 Slide 7 / 43 5 uring arwin s travels and investigations while aboard the H.M.S. eagle, he noted that there were distinct variations in the beaks of finches. What was his hypothesis regarding these differences? The differences were due to changes in behaviors o finches. The differences were because they arrived as separ species. The differences were the result of acquired characte based on each finch species food source. The differences were due to changes over time, bas each finch species food source.

12 Slide 7 (nswer) / 43 5 uring arwin s travels and investigations while aboard the H.M.S. eagle, he noted that there were distinct variations in the beaks of finches. What was his hypothesis regarding these differences? nswer The differences were due to changes in behaviors o finches. The differences were because they arrived as separ species. [This object is a pull tab] The differences were the result of acquired characte based on each finch species food source. The differences were due to changes over time, bas each finch species food source.

13 Slide 8 / 43 6 The images below represent the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bird. How does these structures relate to one another? They are analogous to one another. They are homologous to one another. They are vestigial to one another. The are identical to one another

14 Slide 8 (nswer) / 43 6 The images below represent the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bird. How does these structures relate to one another? They are analogous to one another. nswer They are homologous to one another. They are vestigial to one another. The are identical to one another [This object is a pull tab]

15 Slide 9 / 43 7 Some organisms have structures or organs that seem to serve no useful purpose. For example, humans have a tailbone at the end of the spine that is of no apparent use. However, the tailbone of a possum, and some monkeys, is more fully structured and has a definite purpose. What conclusion is supported by this? Possums and monkeys are more closely related to e other than to humans. Possums, monkeys and humans have a common an Monkeys and humans do not share a common ance These analogous structures do not support any evolutionary relationship.

16 Slide 9 (nswer) / 43 7 Some organisms have structures or organs that seem to serve no useful purpose. For example, humans have a tailbone at the end of the spine that is of no apparent use. However, the tailbone of a possum, and some monkeys, is more fully structured and has a definite purpose. What conclusion is supported by this? Possums and monkeys are more closely related to e other than to humans. nswer Possums, monkeys and humans have a common an Monkeys and humans do not share a common ance These analogous structures do not support any evolutionary relationship. [This object is a pull tab]

17 Slide 10 / 43 8 The image below represents one area of study within evolution. What is this area of study? Vestigial structures omparative anatomy omparative embryology omparative mutations

18 Slide 10 (nswer) / 43 8 The image below represents one area of study within evolution. What is this area of study? nswer Vestigial structures omparative anatomy omparative embryology omparative mutations [This object is a pull tab]

19 Slide 11 / 43 9 What is the connection between apoptosis and evolution? poptosis is programmed cell death, which allows for reabsorption of structures not found in a fully developed organism, as well as the development of some traits and structures, revealed during evolutionary studies. poptosis is programmed cell death, which results in the addition of structures that can sometimes be confusing during evolutionary studies. poptosis is programmed cell death, which results in the death of an organism that is not viable within the environmental surroundings, leading to the loss of species. poptosis is programmed cell death, which allows for mutations to be carried forward that may well results in a new species, discovered through evolutionary studies.

20 Slide 11 (nswer) / 43 9 What is the connection between apoptosis and evolution? poptosis is programmed cell death, which allows for reabsorption of structures not found in a fully developed organism, as well as the development of some traits and structures, revealed during evolutionary studies. poptosis is programmed cell death, which results in the addition of structures that can sometimes be confusing during evolutionary studies. nswer poptosis is programmed cell death, which results in the death of an organism that is not viable within the environmental surroundings, leading to the loss of [This object is a pull tab] species. poptosis is programmed cell death, which allows for mutations to be carried forward that may well results in a new species, discovered through evolutionary studies.

21 Slide 12 / What characteristic of ribosomal RN (rrn) allows it to play a strong role in evolutionary studies? The genetic code for ribosomal RN contains nume introns, therefore we can utilize alternative RN spl track and study evolutionary relationships. rrn mutates frequently, therefore we can utilize th changes to track and study evolutionary relationshi rrn is found throughout the cell, therefore we can its concentration within the cell to track and study evolutionary relationships. rrn mutates very rarely, therefore we can utilize it consistency to track and study evolutionary relation

22 Slide 12 (nswer) / What characteristic of ribosomal RN (rrn) allows it to play a strong role in evolutionary studies? The genetic code for ribosomal RN contains nume introns, therefore we can utilize alternative RN spl track and study evolutionary relationships. nswer rrn mutates frequently, therefore we can utilize th changes to track and study evolutionary relationshi [This object is a pull tab] rrn is found throughout the cell, therefore we can its concentration within the cell to track and study evolutionary relationships. rrn mutates very rarely, therefore we can utilize it consistency to track and study evolutionary relation

23 Slide 13 / What is meant by molecular homology? Studying relationships between organisms at the molecular level. Studying similarities between organisms in utero. Studying similarities in the functions of related stru between species. omparing and contrasting the functions of differen enzymes within a species.

24 Slide 13 (nswer) / What is meant by molecular homology? Studying relationships between organisms at the molecular level. Studying similarities between organisms in utero. nswer Studying similarities in the functions of related stru between species. omparing and contrasting the functions of differen enzymes within a species. [This object is a pull tab]

25 Slide 14 / 43 There are two graphs shown below that represent some ways in which natural selection affects populations. Respond to the next three questions based upon these graphs. Graph 1 Graph 2

26 Slide 15 / There are snails that show variation in the color of their shells. Over time, those snails with very light shells and those with very dark shells become more numerous. Which of the graphs above reflect this type of selection process and what is this called? Graph 1; directional selection Graph 1; disruptive selection Graph 2; directional selection Graph 2; stabilizing selection

27 Slide 15 (nswer) / There are snails that show variation in the color of their shells. Over time, those snails with very light shells and those with very dark shells become more numerous. Which of the graphs above reflect this type of selection process and what is this called? Graph 1; directional selection nswer Graph 1; disruptive selection Graph 2; directional selection Graph 2; stabilizing selection [This object is a pull tab]

28 Slide 16 / There are rabbits that show variations in size, from very small to large, when full grown. Over time, however, the population changes so that the variation in size becomes very minimal. Which graph reflects this change and what is this called? Graph 1; directional selection Graph 1; disruptive selection Graph 2; directional selection Graph 2; stabilizing selection

29 Slide 16 (nswer) / There are rabbits that show variations in size, from very small to large, when full grown. Over time, however, the population changes so that the variation in size becomes very minimal. Which graph reflects this change and what is this called? Graph 1; directional selection nswer Graph 1; disruptive selection Graph 2; directional selection Graph 2; stabilizing selection [This object is a pull tab]

30 Slide 17 / Which of the two graphs shown above, would most likely (given the proper circumstances) give rise to two different species over time, and why? Graph 1, because once organisms differ greatly in o they are a new species. Graph 2, because those with variations will have to become a new species Graph 1, because there are two distinct separate gro with this trait Graph 2 because once a population has one variatio trait, mutations will cause a new species.

31 Slide 17 (nswer) / Which of the two graphs shown above, would most likely (given the proper circumstances) give rise to two different species over time, and why? Graph 1, because once organisms differ greatly in o they are a new species. nswer Graph 2, because those with variations will have to become a new species Graph 1, because there are two distinct separate gro [This object is a pull tab] with this trait Graph 2 because once a population has one variatio trait, mutations will cause a new species.

32 Slide 18 / elow is a graph showing when mating activity occurs for both wood frogs and leopard frogs. This is an example of which type of reproductive isolation, that may lead to speciation? temporal geographic mechanical behavioral

33 Slide 18 (nswer) / elow is a graph showing when mating activity occurs for both wood frogs and leopard frogs. This is an example of which type of reproductive isolation, that may lead to speciation? temporal geographic mechanical nswer behavioral [This object is a pull tab]

34 Slide 19 / owerbirds (shown below) construct elaborate bowers and decorate them with different colors in order to woo females. The Satin bowerbird (left) builds a channel between upright sticks, and decorates with bright blue objects, while the MacGregor s owerbird (right) builds a tall tower of sticks and decorates with bits of charcoal. This is an example of which type of reproductive isolation, that may lead to speciation? temporal geographic mechanical behavioral

35 Slide 19 (nswer) / owerbirds (shown below) construct elaborate bowers and decorate them with different colors in order to woo females. The Satin bowerbird (left) builds a channel between upright sticks, and decorates with bright blue objects, while the MacGregor s owerbird (right) builds a tall tower of sticks and decorates with bits of charcoal. This is an example of which type of reproductive isolation, that may lead to speciation? temporal geographic mechanical behavioral nswer

36 Slide 20 / Suppose a river forms through a squirrel s habitat separating the population. ecause they cannot cross the river, they are reproductively isolated. This is an example of which isolating mechanism? temporal geographic mechanical behavioral

37 Slide 20 (nswer) / Suppose a river forms through a squirrel s habitat separating the population. ecause they cannot cross the river, they are reproductively isolated. This is an example of which isolating mechanism? temporal geographic mechanical nswer behavioral [This object is a pull tab]

38 Slide 21 / The study of population genetics refers to the examination of which of the following? The occurrence of dominant and recessive genes in variety of species. The occurrence of mutations within one species throughout the world. The frequency of alleles and how they change withi population over time. The frequency of mutations when different species to reproduce.

39 Slide 21 (nswer) / The study of population genetics refers to the examination of which of the following? The occurrence of dominant and recessive genes in variety of species. nswer The occurrence of mutations within one species throughout the world. The frequency of alleles and how they change withi population over time. [This object is a pull tab] The frequency of mutations when different species to reproduce.

40 Slide 22 / The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium measures microevolution. What is microevolution? How evolution is occurring on a small scale. How co-evolution between species is occurring. Which type of reproductive isolation is occurring. How many mutations are occurring on a small scale

41 Slide 22 (nswer) / The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium measures microevolution. What is microevolution? How evolution is occurring on a small scale. nswer How co-evolution between species is occurring. Which type of reproductive isolation is occurring. How many mutations are occurring on a small scale [This object is a pull tab]

42 Slide 23 / Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the frequency of the recessive allele? In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink

43 Slide 23 (nswer) / Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the frequency of the recessive allele? In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink nswer [This object is a pull tab]

44 Slide 24 / Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the frequency of the dominant allele? In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink

45 Slide 24 (nswer) / Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the frequency of the dominant allele? In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink nswer [This object is a pull tab]

46 Slide 25 / Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what percentage of the population is heterozygous for coat color? In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink. 75% 12.5% 25% 50%

47 Slide 25 (nswer) / Using the population described below and the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what percentage of the population is heterozygous for coat color? In a population of 16 pigs, 4 express the recessive phenotype of a black coat. The remaining 12 pigs are pink. 75% 12.5% 25% 50% nswer [This object is a pull tab]

48 Slide 26 / What does the q2 in the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium represent? The frequency of the recessive allele within the pop The frequency of the dominant allele within the pop The frequency of the heterozygous condition within population The frequency of the homozygous condition within population

49 Slide 26 (nswer) / What does the q2 in the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium represent? The frequency of the recessive allele within the pop The frequency of the dominant allele within the pop nswer The frequency of the heterozygous condition within population The frequency of the homozygous condition within population [This object is a pull tab]

50 Slide 27 / What does it mean if p and q change from generation to generation when we utilize the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium equation? Evolution is occurring Evolution is not occurring Population is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Population is going extinct

51 Slide 27 (nswer) / What does it mean if p and q change from generation to generation when we utilize the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium equation? Evolution is occurring nswer Evolution is not occurring Population is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Population is going extinct [This object is a pull tab]

52 Slide 28 / Using the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation, if p2 is 81% what are the percentage values of q2 and 2pq? q2 = 1% and 2pq = 18% q2 = 9% and 2pq = 10% q2 = 10% and 2pq = 90% q2 = 0.1% and 2pq = 0.18%

53 Slide 28 (nswer) / Using the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation, if p2 is 81% what are the percentage values of q2 and 2pq? q2 = 1% and 2pq = 18% nswer q2 = 9% and 2pq = 10% q2 = 10% and 2pq = 90% q2 = 0.1% and 2pq = 0.18% [This object is a pull tab]

54 Slide 29 / pproximately what percentage of a population is heterozygous if 16% of the population is homozygous recessive? 32% 4% 16% 48%

55 Slide 29 (nswer) / pproximately what percentage of a population is heterozygous if 16% of the population is homozygous recessive? 32% 4% 16% 48% nswer [This object is a pull tab]

56 Slide 30 / If the conditions under which Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium cannot be experienced in nature, then why is this equilibrium equation used in biology? The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium has been disprove because of this fact. The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation cannot b outside of the lab because of this inability to meet th conditions in nature. It is the comparison of values over time, using the H Weinberg equilibrium equation, that allows us to stu such microevolution It is the comparison of values from the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation and other associated equations that show us macroevolution.

57 Slide 30 (nswer) / If the conditions under which Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium cannot be experienced in nature, then why is this equilibrium equation used in biology? The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium has been disprove because of this fact. nswer The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation cannot b outside of the lab because of this inability to meet th conditions in nature. It is the comparison of values [This object over is a pull time, tab] using the H Weinberg equilibrium equation, that allows us to stu such microevolution It is the comparison of values from the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium equation and other associated equations that show us macroevolution.

58 Slide 31 / Genetic drift is most likely under which conditions? very large populations when a small group of individuals populate a new a when populations are stable with little migration in population with low mutation rates

59 Slide 31 (nswer) / Genetic drift is most likely under which conditions? very large populations when a small group of individuals populate a new a nswer when populations are stable with little migration in population with low mutation rates [This object is a pull tab]

60 Slide 32 / The bottleneck effect occurs when a very large proportion of a population is killed off suddenly. The population faces the risk of becoming extinct. Why is this? With only a few individuals remaining, there is great genetic variation. With a large population remaining, there is great ge variation. With only a few individuals remaining, there is little genetic variation. With a large population remaining, there is little gen variation

61 Slide 32 (nswer) / The bottleneck effect occurs when a very large proportion of a population is killed off suddenly. The population faces the risk of becoming extinct. Why is this? nswer With only a few individuals remaining, there is great genetic variation. With a large population remaining, there is great ge variation. [This object is a pull tab] With only a few individuals remaining, there is little genetic variation. With a large population remaining, there is little gen variation

62 Slide 33 / When a population of animals, such as many of those kept in zoos today, experiences genetic drift, what may be the only source remaining for genetic variation? In-breeding artificial selection random mutations forced mutations

63 Slide 33 (nswer) / When a population of animals, such as many of those kept in zoos today, experiences genetic drift, what may be the only source remaining for genetic variation? In-breeding nswer artificial selection random mutations forced mutations [This object is a pull tab]

64 Slide 34 / arwin s finches originally occupied the South merican mainland. When a group of these finches populated the Galapagos Islands, competition for food occurred between individuals in the population. Over time, the subgroups of these finches adapted to different food sources, resulting in a variety of finches with differing beak sizes and shapes. Which type of evolution is described within this example? Stabilizing selection onvergent evolution Punctuated equilibrium daptive radiation

65 Slide 34 (nswer) / arwin s finches originally occupied the South merican mainland. When a group of these finches populated the Galapagos Islands, competition for food occurred between individuals in the population. Over time, the subgroups of these finches adapted to different food sources, resulting in a variety of finches with differing beak sizes and shapes. Which type of evolution is described within this example? Stabilizing selection nswer onvergent evolution Punctuated equilibrium daptive radiation

66 Slide 35 / Quite often we see organisms that have similar characteristics, not because they have arisen from a common ancestor, but because they have adapted to similar environments. Which type of evolution is this? ivergent evolution onvergent evolution Punctuated equilibrium Genetic drift

67 Slide 35 (nswer) / Quite often we see organisms that have similar characteristics, not because they have arisen from a common ancestor, but because they have adapted to similar environments. Which type of evolution is this? ivergent evolution onvergent evolution Punctuated equilibrium Genetic drift nswer [This object is a pull tab]

68 Slide 36 / When an environment changes such that the extreme phenotypes, and therefore, genotypes, of a population are selected for, evolution occurs and new species may be formed. Which type of evolution is this? ivergent evolution onvergent evolution o-evolution daptive radiation

69 Slide 36 (nswer) / When an environment changes such that the extreme phenotypes, and therefore, genotypes, of a population are selected for, evolution occurs and new species may be formed. Which type of evolution is this? ivergent evolution onvergent evolution o-evolution nswer daptive radiation [This object is a pull tab]

70 Slide 37 / Which of the following does not lead to a decrease in genetic variability? bottleneck founder effect small populations large populations

71 Slide 37 (nswer) / Which of the following does not lead to a decrease in genetic variability? bottleneck founder effect nswer small populations large populations [This object is a pull tab]

72 Slide 38 / When a species, either plant or animal, must rely upon random mutations to generate enough genetic variation to survive, what is the main drawback? The rate of random mutations is typically high. The rate of random mutations of typically low. The rate of random mutations is higher in larger populations. The rate of random mutations is lower in larger populations.

73 Slide 38 (nswer) / When a species, either plant or animal, must rely upon random mutations to generate enough genetic variation to survive, what is the main drawback? The rate of random mutations is typically high. The rate of random mutations of typically low. nswer The rate of random mutations is higher in larger populations. The rate of random mutations is lower in larger populations. [This object is a pull tab]

74 Slide 39 / What is a likely result if an endangered species, that has experienced genetic drift, is subject to a sudden and dramatic degradation of its habitat? It may respond with increased mutations. It may reproduce with a similar species. It may become extinct. It may experience sudden explosive growth.

75 Slide 39 (nswer) / What is a likely result if an endangered species, that has experienced genetic drift, is subject to a sudden and dramatic degradation of its habitat? It may respond with increased mutations. nswer It may reproduce with a similar species. It may become extinct. It may experience sudden explosive growth. [This object is a pull tab]

76 Slide 40 / Vestigial structures can be described as: Structures that had a purpose in an ancestral organ but not in the evolved organism. Structures that never had a purpose in this or ances organisms. Structures that have atrophied in an individual beca they have not been used much in their lifetime. Structures that have grown larger in an organism du overuse.

77 Slide 40 (nswer) / Vestigial structures can be described as: Structures that had a purpose in an ancestral organ but not in the evolved organism. Structures that never had a purpose in this or ances organisms. nswer Structures that have atrophied in an individual beca they have not been used much in their lifetime. Structures that have grown larger in an organism du [This object is a pull tab] overuse.

78 Slide 41 / iogeography is the Local geography where an organism lives Geographical distribution of a species Geographical distribution of a community Local geography features in a given biome

79 Slide 41 (nswer) / iogeography is the Local geography where an organism lives Geographical distribution of a species nswer Geographical distribution of a community Local geography features in a given biome [This object is a pull tab]

80 Slide 42 / Which of the following is an example of mechanical isolation between two closely related species? Females responding to the song of the male of only species. The same species of organism being separated by geography Incompatibility in structure of the male and female s organs Two species can mate but offspring is sterile

81 Slide 42 (nswer) / Which of the following is an example of mechanical isolation between two closely related species? Females responding to the song of the male of only species. nswer The same species of organism being separated by geography Incompatibility in structure of the male and female s organs [This object is a pull tab] Two species can mate but offspring is sterile

82 Slide 43 / Evolution leads to Greater diversity in life on earth Limited diversity in life on earth More extinctions of organisms larger total number of organisms on earth.

83 Slide 43 (nswer) / Evolution leads to Greater diversity in life on earth nswer Limited diversity in life on earth More extinctions of organisms larger total number of organisms on earth. [This object is a pull tab]