General Circulation of the Atmosphere. René Garreaud
|
|
- Andrea Rich
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 General Circulation of the Atmosphere René Garreaud
2 General circulation of the Atmosphere Low latitude areas receive more solar energy than high latitudes (because of earth sphericity). Low latitudes are also warmer, so they emit more infrared energy back to space (OLR ~ T 4 ), but this effect doesn t compensate excess of insolation. There is an radiative imbalance between low and high latitudes, that would produce an increase (decrease) of temperature at low (high) latitudes. Actually, thermal structure of the planet is nearly in steady state. There must be a net transport of energy to compensate the radiative imbalance.
3 General circulation of the Atmosphere Simple solution: Direct thermal cell t F C t+!t F C
4 General circulation in an aqua-planet Perpetual Equinox Surface winds " = " 0 /100 " = " 0 = 2#/24 hrs -1
5 General circulation in an aqua-planet Perpetual Equinox Tropical Tropopause (15 km) Belt of lower pressure NE trades SE trades ITCZ: Intertropical Convergence Zone 0 Belt of higher pressure Surface westerlies 45 Surface wind (arrows) Precipitation (green shadow)
6 General circulation in an aqua-planet Perpetual Equinox ITCZ 0 Midlatitude precipitation maximum and westerly belt 60 Jet stream (westerly flow) aloft (10-12 km): long term mean. Boundary between subtropical and extratropical air masses
7 General circulation in an aqua-planet Perpetual Equinox Daily view of the jet stream: Highly unstable Z300: Meanders of the jet associated with development of troughs and ridges aloft
8 General circulation in an aqua-planet Perpetual March or September Daily Z300 (colors) SLP (contours) Precipitation area (blue lines) H L H Trough aloft! surface low Ridge aloft! surface high { Acomplish poleward transport of heat and westerly momentum Produce midlatitude weather& precipitation
9 General circulation in an aqua-planet Perpetual March or September Schematics of poleward heat transport by transient eddies in midlatitudes
10 Real world general circulation Continents and seasonality Nice we still have ITCZ, jet streams, midlatitude precipitation maximum, but with considerable zonal asimetry
11 Real world general circulation Continents and seasonality
12 Real world general circulation Continents and seasonality Ocean energy transport ~0.3 total transport
13 Real world general circulation Continents and seasonality
14 Real world general circulation Continents and seasonality Jan J WB SAPF In austral summer, weak convection takes place in the SH low latitudes. There is moderate subsidence over the SH subtropics driving a weak jet stream at about 45 S. The upper-level jet stream is, however, over the SAPF producing a rapid growth of the eddies that force strong westerlies near the surface.
15 Real world general circulation Continents and seasonality Jul J SP JST WB SAPF In austral winter, strong convection takes place in the NH low latitudes, fostering strong subsidence over the SH subtropics and driving an intense jet stream at about 30 S. The subpolar jet stream and westerly belt at about 45 S tends to weaken but they are still there because of the baroclinicity around the SAPF.
16 Real world general circulation Continents and seasonality Long term mean rainfall (colors) & surface winds (arrows) Jan July * NH bias in east Pacific ITCZ position * Higher tropical precipitation in July compared with January (SST) * South American monsoon (austral summer precipitation) * Subtropical anticyclone stronger in winter.
17 Real world general circulation Surface wind (contours) & 300 hpa wind (colors) Jan Jul Westerlies J ST J ST+SP (Surface) Westerly belt is more continuous and stronger in austral summer than in winter. Stronger westerlies at surface not always under strong westerlies aloft...
18 Real world general circulation Surface wind (colors) & Sea Surface Temperature (contours) Jan Jul Note that maximum westerlies tend to coincide with SST maximum gradient (APFZ). Implication for ice ages
19 Real world general circulation Surface wind (contours) & 300 hpa wind (colors) Jan Jul Storm Track Storm Track J ST J ST+SP Storm track: band of preferred displacement of transient disturbances. Usually quantified as $ 2 (Z250). In principle, eddy growth rate % &[T]/&y ~ U 300, but not always the storm track is under stronger westerlies
20 Real world general circulation Surface wind (contours) & precipitation (colors) Jan Jul Midlatitude precipitation tends to coincide with max. U sfc and storm track, but also depends of other factors, including tropical connection.
21 Upper tropospheric jet stream and surface depresions 30 day animation of 300 hpa zonal wind speed (shaded, 25 and 50 m/s) and 925 hpa relative vorticity (contours, -3 and s -1 ). Time resolution is 6 hours
22 Corredores de tormentas (Varianza de vorticidad, viento zonal, precipitación) Anual Junio Enero
The Planetary Circulation System
12 The Planetary Circulation System Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. describe and account for the global patterns of pressure, wind patterns and ocean currents
More informationGeneral Circulation. Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
General Circulation Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory nili@ldeo.columbia.edu Latitudinal Radiation Imbalance The annual mean, averaged around latitude circles, of the balance between the
More informationThe Climate of (north central) Chile: Mean state, Variability and Trends
The Climate of (north central) Chile: Mean state, Variability and Trends René D. Garreaud Department of Geophysics Universidad de Chile www.dgf.uchile.cl/rene Astronomical site testing data conference
More informationLecture 8. Monsoons and the seasonal variation of tropical circulation and rainfall
Lecture 8 Monsoons and the seasonal variation of tropical circulation and rainfall According to the second hypothesis, the monsoon is a manifestation of the seasonal variation of the tropical circulation
More informationATMO 436a. The General Circulation. Redacted version from my NATS lectures because Wallace and Hobbs virtually ignores it
ATMO 436a The General Circulation Redacted version from my NATS lectures because Wallace and Hobbs virtually ignores it Scales of Atmospheric Motion vs. Lifespan The general circulation Atmospheric oscillations
More informationInterhemispheric climate connections: What can the atmosphere do?
Interhemispheric climate connections: What can the atmosphere do? Raymond T. Pierrehumbert The University of Chicago 1 Uncertain feedbacks plague estimates of climate sensitivity 2 Water Vapor Models agree
More informationGeneral Atmospheric Circulation
General Atmospheric Circulation Take away Concepts and Ideas Global circulation: The mean meridional (N-S) circulation Trade winds and westerlies The Jet Stream Earth s climate zones Monsoonal climate
More informationWinds and Global Circulation
Winds and Global Circulation Atmospheric Pressure Winds Global Wind and Pressure Patterns Oceans and Ocean Currents El Nino How is Energy Transported to its escape zones? Both atmospheric and ocean transport
More informationWind: Global Systems Chapter 10
Wind: Global Systems Chapter 10 General Circulation of the Atmosphere General circulation of the atmosphere describes average wind patterns and is useful for understanding climate Over the earth, incoming
More informationGEO1010 tirsdag
GEO1010 tirsdag 31.08.2010 Jørn Kristiansen; jornk@met.no I dag: Først litt repetisjon Stråling (kap. 4) Atmosfærens sirkulasjon (kap. 6) Latitudinal Geographic Zones Figure 1.12 jkl TØRR ATMOSFÆRE Temperature
More informationF = ma. ATS 150 Global Climate Change Winds and Weather. Scott Denning CSU CMMAP 1. Please read Chapter 6 from Archer Textbook
Winds and Weather Please read Chapter 6 from Archer Textbook Circulation of the atmosphere and oceans are driven by energy imbalances Energy Imbalances What Makes the Wind Blow? Three real forces (gravity,
More informationCHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction Chapter Overview The atmosphere and the ocean are one independent system. Earth has seasons because of the tilt on its axis. There are three major wind belts in each hemisphere.
More informationCPTEC and NCEP Model Forecast Drift and South America during the Southern Hemisphere Summer
CPTEC and NCEP Model Forecast Drift and South America during the Southern Hemisphere Summer José Antonio Aravéquia 1 Pedro L. Silva Dias 2 (1) Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Research National
More informationDivergence, Spin, and Tilt. Convergence and Divergence. Midlatitude Cyclones. Large-Scale Setting
Midlatitude Cyclones Equator-to-pole temperature gradient tilts pressure surfaces and produces westerly jets in midlatitudes Waves in the jet induce divergence and convergence aloft, leading to surface
More informationCHAPTER 4. THE HADLEY CIRCULATION 59 smaller than that in midlatitudes. This is illustrated in Fig. 4.2 which shows the departures from zonal symmetry
Chapter 4 THE HADLEY CIRCULATION The early work on the mean meridional circulation of the tropics was motivated by observations of the trade winds. Halley (1686) and Hadley (1735) concluded that the trade
More informationHadley Circulation in Action. MET 200 Lecture 12! Global Winds: The General Circulation of the Atmosphere. Scales of Motion
Hadley Circulation in Action MET 200 Lecture 12! Global Winds: The General Circulation of the Atmosphere 1 2 Previous Lecture Local Winds cales of Motion Eddies ea Breeze Mountain-Valley Circulations Chinook
More informationTransient and Eddy. Transient/Eddy Flux. Flux Components. Lecture 3: Weather/Disturbance. Transient: deviations from time mean Time Mean
Lecture 3: Weather/Disturbance Transients and Eddies Climate Roles Mid-Latitude Cyclones Tropical Hurricanes Mid-Ocean Eddies Transient and Eddy Transient: deviations from time mean Time Mean Eddy: deviations
More informationIntroduction to Climate ~ Part I ~
2015/11/16 TCC Seminar JMA Introduction to Climate ~ Part I ~ Shuhei MAEDA (MRI/JMA) Climate Research Department Meteorological Research Institute (MRI/JMA) 1 Outline of the lecture 1. Climate System (
More informationIntroduction of climate monitoring and analysis products for one-month forecast
Introduction of climate monitoring and analysis products for one-month forecast TCC Training Seminar on One-month Forecast on 13 November 2018 10:30 11:00 1 Typical flow of making one-month forecast Observed
More informationCut-off lows in the Southern Hemisphere Climatology and two cases of study
Cut-off lows in the Southern Hemisphere Climatology and two cases of study René D. Garreaud Departament of Geophysics Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile March 7, 2016 University at Albany - SUNY Outline
More informationThe feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007
The feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007 Hiroshi Hasegawa 1, Yayoi Harada 1, Hiroshi Nakamigawa 1, Atsushi Goto 1 1 Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological
More informationSatellites, Weather and Climate Module??: Polar Vortex
Satellites, Weather and Climate Module??: Polar Vortex SWAC Jan 2014 AKA Circumpolar Vortex Science or Hype? Will there be one this year? Today s objectives Pre and Post exams What is the Polar Vortex
More informationIntroduction of products for Climate System Monitoring
Introduction of products for Climate System Monitoring 1 Typical flow of making one month forecast Textbook P.66 Observed data Atmospheric and Oceanic conditions Analysis Numerical model Ensemble forecast
More informationIntroduction to Atmospheric Circulation
Introduction to Atmospheric Circulation Start rotating table Cloud Fraction Dice Results from http://eos.atmos.washington.edu/erbe/ from http://eos.atmos.washington.edu/erbe/ from http://eos.atmos.washington.edu/erbe/
More information3. Midlatitude Storm Tracks and the North Atlantic Oscillation
3. Midlatitude Storm Tracks and the North Atlantic Oscillation Copyright 2006 Emily Shuckburgh, University of Cambridge. Not to be quoted or reproduced without permission. EFS 3/1 Review of key results
More informationWhat is the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)?
What is the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)? Planetary scale, 30 90 day oscillation in zonal wind, precipitation, surface pressure, humidity, etc., that propagates slowly eastward Wavelength = 12,000 20,000
More informationCHAPTER 2 - ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION & AIR/SEA INTERACTION
Chapter 2 - pg. 1 CHAPTER 2 - ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION & AIR/SEA INTERACTION The atmosphere is driven by the variations of solar heating with latitude. The heat is transferred to the air by direct absorption
More informationTROPICAL-EXTRATROPICAL INTERACTIONS
Notes of the tutorial lectures for the Natural Sciences part by Alice Grimm Fourth lecture TROPICAL-EXTRATROPICAL INTERACTIONS Anomalous tropical SST Anomalous convection Anomalous latent heat source Anomalous
More informationName SOLUTIONS T.A./Section Atmospheric Science 101 Homework #6 Due Thursday, May 30 th (in class)
Name SOLUTIONS T.A./Section Atmospheric Science 101 Homework #6 Due Thursday, May 30 th (in class) 1. General Circulation Briefly describe where each of the following features is found in the earth s general
More informationDescription of the Climate System and Its Components
1 Description of the Climate System and Its Components Outline This first chapter describes the main components of the climate system as well as some processes that will be necessary to understand the
More informationAtmospheric Circulation
Atmospheric Circulation Introductory Oceanography Instructor: Ray Rector Atmospheric Circulation Key Topics Composition and Structure Solar Heating and Convection The Coriolis Effect Global Wind Patterns
More informationGlobal Circulation. Local weather doesn t come from all directions equally Everyone s weather is part of the global circulation pattern
Global Circulation Local weather doesn t come from all directions equally Everyone s weather is part of the global circulation pattern Wind rose shows % frequency of winds around the compass 1 Global Circulation
More informationCHAPTER 8 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE ITCZ OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN AND INDONESIA DURING A NORMAL YEAR AND DURING AN ENSO YEAR
CHAPTER 8 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE ITCZ OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN AND INDONESIA DURING A NORMAL YEAR AND DURING AN ENSO YEAR In this chapter, comparisons between the model-produced and analyzed streamlines,
More informationMeteorology 311. General Circulation/Fronts Fall 2017
Meteorology 311 General Circulation/Fronts Fall 2017 Precipitation Types Rain Snow growth of ice crystals through deposition, accretion, and aggregation. Freezing Rain Rain freezes when it hits the surface.
More informationWhy the Atlantic was surprisingly quiet in 2013
1 Why the Atlantic was surprisingly quiet in 2013 by William Gray and Phil Klotzbach Preliminary Draft - March 2014 (Final draft by early June) ABSTRACT This paper discusses the causes of the unusual dearth
More informationThe North Atlantic Oscillation: Climatic Significance and Environmental Impact
1 The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climatic Significance and Environmental Impact James W. Hurrell National Center for Atmospheric Research Climate and Global Dynamics Division, Climate Analysis Section
More informationCLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1 Name: Student ID: Please answer the following questions on your Scantron Multiple Choice [1 point each] (1) The gases that contribute to
More informationSE Atlantic SST variability and southern African climate
SE Atlantic SST variability and southern African climate Chris Reason Oceanography Dept, Univ. Cape Town Overview of southern African climate and tropical Atlantic SST South American monsoon, Benguela
More informationExamples of Pressure Gradient. Pressure Gradient Force. Chapter 7: Forces and Force Balances. Forces that Affect Atmospheric Motion 2/2/2015
Chapter 7: Forces and Force Balances Forces that Affect Atmospheric Motion Fundamental force - Apparent force - Pressure gradient force Gravitational force Frictional force Centrifugal force Forces that
More informationIntroduction of Seasonal Forecast Guidance. TCC Training Seminar on Seasonal Prediction Products November 2013
Introduction of Seasonal Forecast Guidance TCC Training Seminar on Seasonal Prediction Products 11-15 November 2013 1 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Regression method Single/Multi regression model Selection
More informationSurface Winds along Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems in Future Climate Scenarios
Surface Winds along Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems in Future Climate Scenarios René D. Garreaud and Mark Falvey Department of Geophysics Universidad de Chile Outline EBUS Climate background Future
More informationThe role of land-sea contrast in the circulation response to seasonal insolation and global warming
The role of land-sea contrast in the circulation response to seasonal insolation and global warming Tiffany A. Shaw Columbia University University of Chicago Thanks to A. Voigt, I Simpson, R. Seager What
More informationWeather Systems. Section
Section 1 12.2 Objectives Compare and contrast the three major wind systems. Identify four types of fronts. Distinguish between highand low-pressure systems. Review Vocabulary convection: the transfer
More informationImpacts of modes of climate variability, monsoons, ENSO, annular modes
Impacts of modes of climate variability, monsoons, ENSO, annular modes Iracema Fonseca de Albuquerque Cavalcanti National Institute for Space Research INPE Modes of variability- preferred patterns of variability.
More informationATSC 2000 Final Fall 2005
ATSC 2000 Final Fall 2005 true/false /25 multiple choice /25 short answer /23 essay /10 total /83 or % True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. (25 questions 1% each) 1.
More informationVertical Structure of Atmosphere
ATMOS 3110 Introduction to Atmospheric Sciences Distribution of atmospheric mass and gaseous constituents Because of the earth s gravitational field, the atmosphere exerts a downward forces on the earth
More informationDEAPS Activity 3 Weather systems and the general circulation of the atmosphere
DEAPS Activity 3 Weather systems and the general circulation of the atmosphere Lodovica Illari 1 Introduction What is responsible for stormy weather? What causes relatively warm temperatures one day and
More informationLecture 5: Atmospheric General Circulation and Climate
Lecture 5: Atmospheric General Circulation and Climate Geostrophic balance Zonal-mean circulation Transients and eddies Meridional energy transport Moist static energy Angular momentum balance Atmosphere
More informationThe general circulation: midlatitude storms
The general circulation: midlatitude storms Motivation for this class Provide understanding basic motions of the atmosphere: Ability to diagnose individual weather systems, and predict how they will change
More informationGlobal Wind Patterns
Name: Earth Science: Date: Period: Global Wind Patterns 1. Which factor causes global wind patterns? a. changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon b. unequal heating of Earth s surface by the Sun
More informationSynoptic Meteorology
M.Sc. in Meteorology Synoptic Meteorology [MAPH P312] Prof Peter Lynch Second Semester, 2004 2005 Seminar Room Dept. of Maths. Physics, UCD, Belfield. Part 9 Extratropical Weather Systems These lectures
More informationTopic # 12 How Climate Works
Topic # 12 How Climate Works A Primer on How the Energy Balance Drives Atmospheric & Oceanic Circulation, Natural Climatic Processes pp 63-68 in Class Notes How do we get energy from this........ to drive
More informationThe Impact of the Extratropical Transition of Typhoon Dale (1996) on the Early Wintertime Stratospheric Circulation
The Impact of the Extratropical Transition of Typhoon Dale (1996) on the Early 1996-97 Wintertime Stratospheric Circulation Andrea L. Lang 1, Jason M. Cordeira 2, Lance F. Bosart 1 and Daniel Keyser 1
More informationThe 2005 North Atlantic Hurricane Season A Climate Perspective
The 2005 North Atlantic Hurricane Season A Climate Perspective Gerald Bell 1, Eric Blake 2, Chris Landsea 2, Kingtse Mo 1, Richard Pasch 2, Muthuvel Chelliah 1, Stanley Goldenberg 3 1 Climate Prediction
More informationGENERAL CIRCULATION: MEAN CHARACTERISTICS (MS 154)
GENERAL CIRCULATION: MEAN CHARACTERISTICS (MS 154) Richard Grotjahn, Richard Grotjahn Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, One Shields Ave University of California, Davis, California 95616-8627,
More informationQuiz 2 Review Questions
Quiz 2 Review Questions Chapter 7 Lectures: Winds and Global Winds and Global Winds cont 1) What is the thermal circulation (thermal wind) and how does it form? When we have this type of circulation, how
More informationPart-8c Circulation (Cont)
Part-8c Circulation (Cont) Global Circulation Means of Transfering Heat Easterlies /Westerlies Polar Front Planetary Waves Gravity Waves Mars Circulation Giant Planet Atmospheres Zones and Belts Global
More informationENSO, AO, and climate in Japan. 15 November 2016 Yoshinori Oikawa, Tokyo Climate Center, Japan Meteorological Agency
ENSO, AO, and climate in Japan 15 November 2016 Yoshinori Oikawa, Tokyo Climate Center, Japan Meteorological Agency Aims of this lecture At the end of the yesterday s lecture, Hare-run said, - In the exercise
More informationAnswer Key for Practice Test #2
Answer Key for Practice Test #2 Section 1. Multiple-choice questions. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark your choice on the optical scan sheet. 1.
More informationTopic # 11 HOW CLIMATE WORKS continued (Part II) pp in Class Notes
Topic # 11 HOW CLIMATE WORKS continued (Part II) pp 61-67 in Class Notes To drive the circulation, the initial source of energy is from the Sun: Not to scale! EARTH- SUN Relationships 4 Things to Know
More information7 The General Circulation
7 The General Circulation 7.1 The axisymmetric state At the beginning of the class, we discussed the nonlinear, inviscid, axisymmetric theory of the meridional structure of the atmosphere. The important
More informationLecture 1, GEF4310 Cloud Physics
1/24/18 ecture 1, GEF4310 Cloud Physics Trude Storelvmo, Dept. of Geoscience, U. of Oslo Spring 2018 Schedule, Spring 2018 Week # Monday (exercises) Wednesday (lectures) 3 (15/1) No class (17/1) Introduction
More informationPrimary Factors Contributing to Japan's Extremely Hot Summer of 2010
temperature anomalies by its standard deviation for JJA 2010 Primary Factors Contributing to Japan's Extremely Hot Summer of 2010 Nobuyuki Kayaba Climate Prediction Division,Japan Meteorological Agancy
More informationThe meteorology of monsoons
978--521-84799-5 - The Asian Monsoon: Causes, History and Effects 1 The meteorology of monsoons 1.1 Introduction Monsoon circulations are major features of the tropical atmosphere, which, primarily through
More informationTransient/Eddy Flux. Transient and Eddy. Flux Components. Lecture 7: Disturbance (Outline) Why transients/eddies matter to zonal and time means?
Lecture 7: Disturbance (Outline) Transients and Eddies Climate Roles Mid-Latitude Cyclones Tropical Hurricanes Mid-Ocean Eddies (From Weather & Climate) Flux Components (1) (2) (3) Three components contribute
More information2015/16 Winter Monsoon in East Asia
8 Apr 2016, FOCRAII-12, Guangzhou, China 2015/16 Winter Monsoon in East Asia Hirotaka SATO Tokyo Climate Center Japan Meteorological Agency 1 Outline 1. Overview of 2015/16 winter monsoon in East Asia
More informationESS 111 Climate & Global Change. Week 1 Weather vs Climate Structure of the Atmosphere Global Wind Belts
ESS 111 Climate & Global Change Week 1 Weather vs Climate Structure of the Atmosphere Global Wind Belts Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given place and time. For example, right now, the temperature
More informationKeys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate
Climate Global Climates Keys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate Keys to Climate Climate the average
More informationClimate System. Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern
Climate System Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern Reference: Chapin F. St., Matson P., Mooney Harold A. 2002 Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. Springer, Berlin, 490 p. Structure of this lecture
More informationDynamics of the Atmosphere. General circulation of the atmosphere
12.810 Dynamics of the Atmosphere General circulation of the atmosphere 1 Spinup of the general circulation in an idealized model Fig. 1 Schneider, General circulation of the atmosphere, 2006 2 Sigma 0.2
More information4. Atmospheric transport. Daniel J. Jacob, Atmospheric Chemistry, Harvard University, Spring 2017
4. Atmospheric transport Daniel J. Jacob, Atmospheric Chemistry, Harvard University, Spring 2017 Forces in the atmosphere: Gravity g Pressure-gradient ap = ( 1/ ρ ) dp / dx for x-direction (also y, z directions)
More informationTropical Meridional Circulations: The Hadley Cell
Tropical Meridional Circulations: The Hadley Cell Introduction Throughout much of the previous sections, we have alluded to but not fully described the mean meridional overturning circulation of the tropics
More informationCHAPTER 9 ATMOSPHERE S PLANETARY CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 9 ATMOSPHERE S PLANETARY CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Viewed from above in the Northern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow a. clockwise and inward. b. counterclockwise.
More information2. Meridional atmospheric structure; heat and water transport. Recall that the most primitive equilibrium climate model can be written
2. Meridional atmospheric structure; heat and water transport The equator-to-pole temperature difference DT was stronger during the last glacial maximum, with polar temperatures down by at least twice
More informationHurricanes. April 14, 2009
Tropical Weather & Hurricanes Chapter 15 April 14, 2009 Tropical meteorology Tropics characterized by seasonal wet and drier periods- wet when sun is nearly overhead at noon and inter-tropical convergence
More informationGlobal Atmospheric Circulation
Global Atmospheric Circulation Polar Climatology & Climate Variability Lecture 11 Nov. 22, 2010 Global Atmospheric Circulation Global Atmospheric Circulation Global Atmospheric Circulation The Polar Vortex
More informationFour ways of inferring the MMC. 1. direct measurement of [v] 2. vorticity balance. 3. total energy balance
Four ways of inferring the MMC 1. direct measurement of [v] 2. vorticity balance 3. total energy balance 4. eliminating time derivatives in governing equations Four ways of inferring the MMC 1. direct
More informationSouth American Climate
South American Climate René Garreaud www.dgf.uchile.cl/rene Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) Precipitation Mean Temperature All stations (anytime, any length) Century-long stations (Ti1995,
More informationInfluence of Cross-Andes Flow on the South American Low-Level Jet
15 MARCH 2004 WANG AND FU 1247 Influence of Cross-Andes Flow on the South American Low-Level Jet HUI WANG AND RONG FU School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
More information7 December 2016 Tokyo Climate Center, Japan Meteorological Agency
Summary of the 2016 Asian Summer Monsoon 7 December 2016 Tokyo Climate Center, Japan Meteorological Agency This report summarizes the characteristics of the surface climate and atmospheric/oceanographic
More informationClimate of an Earth- like Aquaplanet: the high- obliquity case and the <dally- locked case
Climate of an Earth- like Aquaplanet: the high- obliquity case and the
More informationTopic # 12 Natural Climate Processes
Topic # 12 Natural Climate Processes A Primer on How the Energy Balance Drives Atmospheric & Oceanic Circulation, Natural Climatic Processes pp 63-68 in Class Notes RADIATION / ENERGY BALANCE Radiation
More informationSeasonal Climate Watch January to May 2016
Seasonal Climate Watch January to May 2016 Date: Dec 17, 2015 1. Advisory Most models are showing the continuation of a strong El-Niño episode towards the latesummer season with the expectation to start
More informationWeather & Ocean Currents
Weather & Ocean Currents Earth is heated unevenly Causes: Earth is round Earth is tilted on an axis Earth s orbit is eliptical Effects: Convection = vertical circular currents caused by temperature differences
More informationTHE ATMOSPHERE IN MOTION
Funding provided by NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Project THE ATMOSPHERE IN MOTION Basic Climatology Oklahoma Climatological Survey Factor 1: Our Energy Source Hi, I m the Sun! I provide 99.9999+
More informationTropical Cyclone Formation/Structure/Motion Studies
Tropical Cyclone Formation/Structure/Motion Studies Patrick A. Harr Department of Meteorology Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5114 phone: (831) 656-3787 fax: (831) 656-3061 email: paharr@nps.edu
More informationClouds, Precipitation
ES 106 Clouds, Precipitation I. Condensation and cloud formation A. Condensation nuclei necessary for clouds to form 1. dust, pollen, salt, smoke 2. at sub-freezing temperature, form by deposition of water
More informationObservational Study of Subtropical Highs. Richard Grotjahn Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources University of California, Davis, U.S.A.
Observational Study of Subtropical Highs Richard Grotjahn Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources University of California, Davis, U.S.A. Organization of Talk There are 5 subtropical highs Question: What
More informationToday s Lecture (Lecture 5): General circulation of the atmosphere
Climate Dynamics (Summer Semester 2017) J. Mülmenstädt Today s Lecture (Lecture 5): General circulation of the atmosphere Reference Hartmann, Global Physical Climatology (1994), Ch. 2, 3, 6 Peixoto and
More information11 General Circulation
Copyright 2015 by Roland Stull. Practical Meteorology: An Algebra-based Survey of Atmospheric Science. Practical Meteorology: An Algebra-based Survey of Atmospheric Science by Roland Stull is licensed
More informationDynamics of the Zonal-Mean, Time-Mean Tropical Circulation
Dynamics of the Zonal-Mean, Time-Mean Tropical Circulation First consider a hypothetical planet like Earth, but with no continents and no seasons and for which the only friction acting on the atmosphere
More informationChapter 9 External Energy Fuels Weather and Climate
Natural Disasters Tenth Edition Chapter 9 External Energy Fuels Weather and Climate Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 9-1 Weather Versus Climate
More informationChapter 12 Fronts & Air Masses
Chapter overview: Anticyclones or highs Air Masses o Classification o Source regions o Air masses of North America Fronts o Stationary fronts o Cold fronts o Warm fronts o Fronts and the jet stream o Frontogenesis
More informationGlobal Atmospheric Moisture Budget
Global Atmospheric Moisture Budget Sinan Sahin (1), Juerg Luterbacher (2), Elena Xoplaki (2), and Murat Türkeş (3) (1) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Çorlu Engineering, Namik Kemal University/TURKEY
More informationTopic # 12 HOW CLIMATE WORKS
Topic # 12 HOW CLIMATE WORKS A Primer on How the Energy Balance Drives Atmospheric & Oceanic Circulation, Natural Climatic Processes Starts on p 67 in Class Notes Evidently, not scary enough. How do we
More informationPresentation A simple model of multiple climate regimes
A simple model of multiple climate regimes Kerry Emanuel March 21, 2012 Overview 1. Introduction 2. Essential Climate Feedback Processes Ocean s Thermohaline Circulation, Large-Scale Circulation of the
More information14.1 Simple model of global radiation balance
Chapter 1 Global Circulations 1.1 Simple model of global radiation balance The earth receives energy from the sun in the form of visible, near-infrared, and ultraviolet radiation. Most of this energy is
More informationLecture 7 Basic Principles of Climate
Lecture 7 Basic Principles of Climate Raymond T. Pierrehumbert One-dimensional climate models Introduction In zero-dimensional models, variations of temperature with latitude cannot be taken into account.
More informationEl Niño, South American Monsoon, and Atlantic Niño links as detected by a. TOPEX/Jason Observations
El Niño, South American Monsoon, and Atlantic Niño links as detected by a decade of QuikSCAT, TRMM and TOPEX/Jason Observations Rong Fu 1, Lei Huang 1, Hui Wang 2, Paola Arias 1 1 Jackson School of Geosciences,
More informationHigh-Resolution MPAS Simulations for Analysis of Climate Change Effects on Weather Extremes
High-Resolution MPAS Simulations for Analysis of Climate Change Effects on Weather Extremes ALLISON MICHAELIS, GARY LACKMANN, & WALT ROBINSON Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North
More information