The GOES-R Series: The Nation s Next- Generation Geostationary Weather Satellites

Transcription

1 The GOES-R Series: The Nation s Next- Generation Geostationary Weather Satellites Greg Mandt GOES-R System Program Director 29th Annual Glen Gerberg Weather and Climate Summit January 22, 2016

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3 Why GOES-R? The GOES-R series will provide significant improvements in the detection and observations of meteorological phenomena that directly impact public safety, protection of property, and our Nation s economic health and prosperity. ABI GLM SEISS and MAG EXIS and SUVI Visible & IR Imagery Lightning Mapping Space Weather Monitoring Solar Imaging 3

4 GOES Fleet Configuration 4

5 GOES-R System Architecture 5

6 Assembled GOES-R Spacecraft 6

7 GOES-R Spacecraft Extreme Ultraviolet and X-Ray Irradiance Sensor (EXIS) Space Environment In Situ Suite (SEISS) Solar Ultraviolet Imager (SUVI) Magnetometer Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) 7

8 Living with a star can be dangerous! GOES Orbit 8

9 Extreme Ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS) EXIS has two sensors to measure solar radiation: Extreme Ultraviolet Sensor (EUVS): monitors solar variations that affect satellite drag, and ionospheric changes impacting communication and navigation operations X-Ray Sensor (XRS): detects the beginning, duration, and magnitude of solar X-ray flares Solar Flare Provides improved solar flare warnings for communications and navigation disruption Provides input to models predicting severe impacts on satellites, astronauts, and airline passengers on polar routes, and provides input on possible impacts to power grid performance EUV Composite Solar Image 9

10 Solar UltraViolet Imager (SUVI) Improved detection of coronal holes, flares and coronal mass ejection source regions Improved geomagnetic storm forecasting Increased dynamic range, resolution, and sensitivity in monitoring solar x-ray flux C9 flare from AR 2297 at 01:55 UT C9 flare from AR 2297 at 02:14 UT GOES-13 Solar X-Ray Imager: Current Capability Future Capability: GOES-R Solar UltraViolet Imager (using Solar Dynamics Observatory data) 10

11 Space Environment in-situ Sensor Suite (SEISS) SEISS consists of energetic particle sensors to monitor proton, electron and alpha particle fluxes to provide: More accurate monitoring of energetic particles responsible for radiation hazards to humans and spacecraft Better monitoring of low energy ionizing responsible for spacecraft charging Improved warning of high flux events, mitigating damage to radio communication 11

12 Magnetometer The magnetometer measures the magnitude and direction of Earth's ambient magnetic field Will provide the only operational measure of the impact of geomagnetic storms at geosynchronous orbit (key for interpreting solar radiation storm measurements by SEISS) Magnetometer Installation Provides automated Magnetopause Crossing Detection and automated Sudden Impulse Detection Magnetometer Boom Magnetometer Sensor 12

13 GOES-R Unique Payload Services Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) Relay distress signals from 406 MHz emergency beacons Information Network (HRIT/EMWIN) Emergency Managers Weather Information Network services Delivers selected imagery, charts, data products, and text messages (NWS Watches and Warnings) to users throughout western hemisphere. Data Collection System (DCS) Relays data transmissions from over 20,000 in situ environmental data platforms from across the hemisphere GOES-R Rebroadcast (GRB) Data from each of the GOES-R series instruments is processed on the ground, then bounced back through GOES-R satellites to users throughout the hemisphere. Emergency Beacons Remote Automated Weather Stations transmitting to GOES 13

14 Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) Specifications Detects total lightning activity across the Western Hemisphere: in cloud, cloud-tocloud, and cloud-to-ground Provides coverage over oceans and land Complements today s land based systems that only measures cloud to ground (~15% of the total lightning) Improved forecaster situational awareness and confidence resulting in more accurate severe storm warnings (improved lead time, reduced false alarms) to save lives and property 14

15 15 High Speed Digital Video Lightning Flash 7500 fps

16 Lightning 2-Stroke Cloud-to-Ground 50 km 16

17 OKLMA (Lightning Mapping Array) Lightning Imaging Sensor Animation Thomas et. al., Geophys. Res. Lett.,

18 Total Lightning Detection 1-min TRMM/LIS overpass, May 3, 1999 tornado outbreak 18

19 Lightning Jumps and Severe Storms Improved forecaster situational awareness and confidence results in more accurate severe storm warnings (i.e., improved lead times and reduced false alarms) Current national average for tornado warning lead-time is ~13 minutes Lightning flash rate increase can be a predictor of tornado formation Total lightning (Upper) from the North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) coincident with NEXRAD radar-derived storm relative velocity (Lower) at 1236 (Left) and 1246 (Right) UTC on 6 May dar alone. Image courtesy of Geoffrey Stano and SPoRT. 19

20 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) Primary instrument in GOES-R series 16 channel imager Measures radiances in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths Improves upon current capabilities in spectral information (3X), spatial coverage (4X), and temporal resolution (5X) 20

21 Three Times More Spectral Information GOES-13/14/15 Spectral Bands GOES-R Spectral Bands 21

22 Spectral Resolution for Improved Feature Discrimination Blowing Dust - Colorado 27 April 2014 at 2038 Z Blowing Dust courtesy of S. Miller 22

23 GOES-R ABI will detect SO2 plumes Water Vapor Band Difference convolved from AIRS data sees SO 2 plume from Montserrat Island, West Indies Figure courtesy of Kris Karnauskas SO 2 Plume Current GOES Imager cannot detect SO 2 ABI 7.34 μm 13.3 μm 23 17

24 ABI Spatial Resolution: Fog Detection Improved algorithm technology - the GOES-R algorithm provides quantitative information on fog probability, while heritage GOES fog detection products are more qualitative in nature Improved sensor technology - the ABI has greatly improved spectral information, spatial resolution, and temporal resolution Courtesy: Mike Pavolonis/NESDIS STAR 24

25 Five Times Faster Coverage Current GOES 5 minute Capability GOES-R 5 minute Capability 25

26 Five Times Faster Coverage Full Disk CONUS MESO - Scan Mode 4: Full disk every 5 minutes - Scan Mode 3: Full disk images every 15 minutes + 5 min CONUS images + 30 sec mesoscale Forecasters can monitor the interactions between air masses, outflow boundaries and storms leading to increased situational awareness and confidence 26

27 GOES-14 Rapid Scan 1-min Imagery Standard (15-min) RSO (5-7 min) SRSOR (1-min) 27

28 GOES-R Series Products L1b Products L2+ Products are remainder outside of oval Radiances* Solar Imagery: EUV* Energetic Heavy Ions* Magnetospheric Electrons and Protons: Low Energy* Magnetospheric Electrons and Protons: Medium and High Energy* Solar and Galactic Protons* Geomagnetic Field* Solar Flux: EUV* Solar Flux: X-Ray* Lightning Det: Events, Groups, Flashes* Aerosol Detection (including Smoke & Dust) Aerosol Optical Depth Volcanic Ash: Detection & Height Cloud Optical Depth Cloud Particle Size Distribution Cloud Top Phase Cloud Top Height ABI SEISS SUVI Cloud and Moisture Imagery (KPP) Rainfall Rate / QPE Legacy Vertical Moisture Profile Legacy Vertical Temperature Profile Derived Stability Indices Total Precipitable Water Clear Sky Masks Downward Shortwave Rad.: Surface Fire / Hot Spot Characterization Land Surface (Skin) Temperature Sea Surface Temperature (skin) Reflected Shortwave Rad.: TOA Snow Cover Derived Motion Winds Hurricane Intensity Cloud Top Pressure Cloud Top Temperature GLM EXIS Magnetometer * Included in GRB Key Performance Parameter (KPP) 28

29 Making GOES-R test products available to forecasters, GOES-R level 2 products for research Satellite liaisons (subject matter experts) at NWS National Centers Develop training for users GOES-R Satellite Proving Ground Several GOES-R level 2 products are demonstrated in the GOES-R Proving Ground Examples can be found on the PG blogs and through the website International projects Visiting Scientist Program Lockheed Martin 29

30 The GOES-R Proving Ground 30

31 GOES-14 Super Rapid Scan Operations to Prepare for GOES-R (SRSOR) SRSOR 2015: May 18-June 12, and August 10-22: 14_SRSOR.html GOES-14 providing unique data and glimpse into the possibilities that will be available with ABI one-minute mesoscale imagery Walking away from this evaluation, I feel that it is beneficial. Not only do I want to add it to the radar data, but I think it is critical. To me there is enough benefit, enough mental thresholds that gave me confidence, and I think it is a critical piece of data that will help make decisions that I don't want to live without. 31

32 Operations Proving Ground One-Minute Imagery Evaluation June 4,

33 SRSOR Imagery/Pseudo GLM: Aviation Weather Testbed 33

34 Fog and Low Stratus Ship distress call Full Story: 34

35 Eagle, Colorado Fog Event 12/29/13 35

36 EGE Fog Event 12/29/13 Fog Event: Eagle, Colorado 15 Min before GOES-R probability indicated clearing 30 minutes after GOES-R indicated clearing 12/29/13 36

37 GLM User Readiness South Carolina Historic Flooding IR and 15-min Lightning Density - 10/03/15 Courtesy of MPS 37

38 GOES-14 1-minute Imagery, with Colorado Lightning Mapping Array flashes 21 May

39 California Rim Fire ABI s finer spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution will enable improvements in fire detection, characterization, monitoring, and forecasting

40 Alaska: Fire Temperature RGB More than 4 million acres burned in Alaska in 2015 Courtesy of CIRA 40

41 Alaska: Snow/ice discrimination True color Synthetic color Courtesy of GINA 41

42 RGB Dust Detection Courtesy of Steve Milller - CIRA 42

43 GLM User Readiness Hazardous Weather Testbed Total lightning information often provides lead-time (sometimes considerable) to first cloud-to-ground strike Has provided useful guidance during experimental warning operations, especially in highlighting storms that are experiencing updraft intensification, as it s occurring. 43

44 Probability of Severe Convection 44

45 Himawari-8 Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) very similar to GOES-R series Advanced Baseline Imager Information exchange and collaborative research on volcanic ash and cloud analysis science Access to full resolution HIMAWARI imagery for Proving Ground demonstrations Himawari-8 Imagery: asp ri&file=gif Himawari-8 True Color Composite from January 25, 2015 S. Miller (CIRA) on behalf of the GOES-R AWG Imagery Team 45

46 Himawari-8 Full Disk True Color Multispectral Imagery every 10 minutes GOES-15 Full Disk Visible Imagery every 3 hours 46

47 Scan Time Comparisons Himawari (10 min) vs. MTSAT2 (1 hour) 47

48 Himwari 2-km IR vs MTSAT 4-km IR 48

49 Himawari-8 Geocolor Imagery 49

50 Typhoon Noul Himawari-8, band 3 (0.5 km VIS) 2.5-min rapid scan Courtesy of CIRA 50

51 Himawari-8 Water Vapor Imagery 10-minute latency Courtesy of AWC 51

52 AHI Airmass RGB (EUMETSAT) Band 8 (6.2 µm) BLUE Band ( µm) GREEN Band 8-10 ( µm) RED Colors are dependent on temperature, water vapor and ozone Dry/Subsidence Warm, moist (tropical): green Warm, dry: orange Cold, dry (polar): purple Cold, moist: blue Moist/Ascent A frontal system passes over Japan UTC 2 November 2015 Low tropopause height/strong subsidence: red Warm land surface: black Cold clouds: 52

53 Himawari-8 Air Mass RGB Twin Explosive Cyclogensis in the North Pacific Ocean Courtesy of MPS 53

54 Himawari-8 AHI as a Proxy for the GOES-R ABI Derived Motion Winds Typhoon Dolphin High-Level mb Mid-Level mb Low-Level >700 mb Jaime Daniels (NESDIS/STAR) Winds derived from AHI Band 14 (11.2um) using 10-min FD imagery 54

55 Himawari True Color 7 Aug Lake Baikal fires Courtesy of CIRA 55

56 Himawari-8 Pyrocumulonimbus Event Use of Himawari-8 to capture a PyroCb event near Lake Baikal on July 29. Note the explosive growth of multiple fire events and interaction with clouds. Visible image on left; 3.9-µm IR image on right, with hottest fires in red. 56

57 AHI Fire Temperature RGB Band 5 (1.6 µm) BLUE Band 6 (2.3 µm) GREEN Band 7 (3.9 µm) RED Fires Relatively cool/small fires only detected at 3.9 µm appear red Warmer/larger fires detected in both 3.9 µm and 2.25 µm appear yellow Bush land fires detected in Australia UTC 11 October 2015 Very large/hot fires detected in all three bands and appear Liquid clouds: blue Ice clouds: dark green 57

58 Himawari Imagery of Erupting Shiveluch Volcano Courtesy of JMA Shiveluch volcano on Russia s Kamchatka Peninsula. This is one of the first active eruptions viewed by Himawari. 10 minute data visible (0.64um) band at 500m resolution using the AHI is similar to what we will see on the GOES-R ABI. This will allow Volcanic Ash Advisories to be issued much more quickly

59 Himawari μm Band 7 12 Aug UTC Tianjin Explosion 59

60 Himawari-8 True Color using CIRA s Rayleigh correction technique Day following the explosion, starts 6-7 hours afterward Black cloud, possibly from fire or explosion Tianjin 12 Aug 60

61 Himawari Band 3 Visible - Dust Storm northwestern China 27 April 2015 Courtesy of CIRA 61

62 Himawari True Color - Dust Storm northwestern China 27 April 2015 Courtesy of CIRA 62

63 Himawari-8 RGB Winter Solstice 63

64 Additional User Readiness Activities

65 Broadcast Meteorologist Participation at the Hazardous Weather Testbed Outreach efforts to introduce GOES-R products to forecasters and accelerate user readiness for the advanced capabilities of GOES-R. GOES-R funds broadcast meteorologists to attend the Hazardous Weather Testbed in Norman, OK each May. Now recruiting for 2016 HWT experiment Info: r.gov/downloads/2016-hwt-spring- Experiment-Application.pdf Application form: Applications due by Feb

66 GOES-R Short Courses GOES-R Short Course at AMS Conference on Broadcast Meteorology held June 9, 2015, in Raleigh, NC r.gov/users/2015_ams-goes-r- Short-Course.html GOES-R Short course planned for upcoming AMS Conference on Broadcast Meteorology, June 15 17, 2016 in Austin, TX GOES-R/JPSS Short Course at AMS Annual Meeting January 10, 2016, in New Orleans 66

67 Broadcasters Workshop at GOES-R Launch StormCenter Communications is hosting a GOES-R workshop for broadcasters at Kennedy Space Center the week of launch See GOES-R launch and cover the event for your station! Contact dave@stormcenter.com to participate 67

68 Training Modules and Sample Data Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET): Satellite Hydrology and Meteorology for Forecasters (SHyMet): Short-term Prediction Research and Transition Center (SPoRT) product training modules: Virtual Institute for Satellite Integration Training (VISIT) Training Resources: GOES-R Education Proving Ground: Sample data:

69 Webapps RGB: s/satrgb/overview.html Spectral band: s/bandapp/ Image resolution: ps/abi/ 69

70 Printed Materials ABI Bands Quick Information Guides Fact Sheets User Readiness Plan GRB Downlink Specifications Product Users Guides Proving Ground Demonstration Final Reports and Annual Reports 70

71 Proving Ground Blogs arch/goes-r/proving_ground/blog/ com/

72 The Road to Launch Launching from: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida Vehicle: United Launch Alliance Atlas V (AV-541) Pad: Space Launch Complex 41 72

73 73 Post-Launch Testing & Validation Launch and orbit raising: 14 days Post-launch testing: Oct Mar GOES-16 extended validation: Apr. Sept GOES-16 operational: Oct at TBD orbit location

74 Thank you! For more information visit twitter.com/noaasatellites

75 BACKUP 75

76 ABI Visible/Near-Infrared Bands Schmit et al,

77 ABI Infrared Bands Schmit et al,