The Role of the Land Surface in Fog Modelling Simulations with COSMO-FOG
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1 COSMO-USER SEMINAR Langen, 2009 The Role of the Land Surface in Fog Modelling Simulations with COSMO-FOG Isabel Alberts, Matthieu Masbou and Andreas Bott Meteorological Institute University of Bonn,
2 What is FOG? World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) definition Suspension of very small, usually microscopic water droplets in the air, generally reducing the horizontal visibility at the earth s surface to less than 1km Webcam:
3 Ingredients for Fog Formation cooling increase in humidity calm or light winds Precipitation fog
4 Ingredients for Fog Formation cooling increase in humidity calm or light winds 1D 3D 3D Radiation fog Precipitation fog Advection fog Valley fog
5 Fog Formation and the Land Surface What is the role of the surface? Local Surface Influences Soil type Vegetation Surface characteristics Soil moisture What processes does the surface affect? Radiative cooling Advection Vertical mixing of heat and moisture Heat and moisture transport in the soil Terrain Influences Topography Mountain valley breeze Accumulation of cool air e.g. different soiltype/vegetation
6 Fog Model: COSMO-FOG Coupling of COSMO Model and PAFOG (PArametrized FOG) (Bott & Trautmann (2002)) ke=20 m COSMO-Model (DWD) COSMO-FOG ke=12 m ke=8 m ke=4 m 2,8/7 km Terra - MultiLayer 1,0 km
7 Fog Model: COSMO-FOG Coupling of COSMO Model and PAFOG (PArametrized FOG) (Bott & Trautmann (2002)) Current NWP models run at resolutions that are too coarse for simulation of fog Microphysics of PAFOG limited to the lower part of the atmosphere (2000m) Introduction of a new prognostic variable: Concentration of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CNN) ke=20 m COSMO-Model (DWD) COSMO-FOG ke=12 m ke=8 m.. ke=4 m 2,8/7 km Terra - MultiLayer 1,0 km
8 Research Area Hamburg Berlin Bonn Frankfurt München O O O O 120 km
9 Research Area Hamburg Berlin Bonn Frankfurt München O O O O 120 km
10 Needed DATA for description of the surface Soil type Vegetation Topography } Surface roughness Root depth Plant cover Leaf area index
11 Needed DATA for description of the surface Soil type Vegetation Topography } Surface roughness Root depth Plant cover Leaf area index To take the high heterogeneity into account: set of modified external parameters implemented into COSMO- FOG; resolution 1 km 50 m 1 km resolution Silty clay Silty loamy sand Silty loam Middle silty loam Clay silt Loamy sand Weak sandy loam Loam Sand 10 km 1 km resolution Source: FAO/UNESCO Soil map of the world (Food and Agricultural Organization of UNO, 10 km resolution) Source: Soil map 1: (BK50, Geologisches Landesamt NRW and Rheinland Pfalz, 50 m resolution)
12 COSMO-FOG-VEGETATION Explicit modelling of vegetation layer as one big leaf which is situated between atmosphere and surface: e.g. vegetation temperature, humidity, wind,... Deardorff (1978); Schädle (1989); Siebert et al. (1992); von Glasow and Bott (1999) Modifications of: radiation -> ground surface albedo αveg Land use dependant values Ament, 06 water fluxes: Evapotranspiration controlled by -> atmospheric resistance r a α baresoil Water content and soil / veg parameters Schädler,89 stomata resistance r s => Expect a more detailed simulation of e. g. temperature and humidity over vegetation
13 Model Setup Sensitivity Study: Two model runs with different data set of external parmeters and parameterizions concerning boundary layer: CTL and COSMO-VEG Initalization: Forecast hours: Time step: Boundary conditions: Horizontal resolution: Vertical resolution: UTC 48 hours 10s COSMO-DE 120 x 80 Pixel resolution: 1.0 km Atmosphere 40 layers Δzmin= 4m 25 layers in the lower 2000 m of the atmosphere Soil: 8 Layers TERRA-ML
14 2m Liquid Water Content g/kg 2 UTC CTL COSMO-VEG all pixels with LWC > 0.01g/kg g/kg Forecast hours COSMO-VEG CTL
15 2m Liquid Water Content g/kg 2 UTC CTL COSMO-VEG
16 2m Liquid Water Content g/kg CTL COSMO-VEG 2 UTC Forecast hours
17 2m-VISIBILITY in m CTL COSMO-VEG 2 UTC all pixels with visibility < 1000 No. Pixels in % Forecast hours COSMO-VEG CTL
18 2m-VISIBILITY in m Measurements
19 Conclusion and Outlook COSMO-FOG is sensitive to surface charactersitics The new implemented surface parameters plus Vegetation module have an impact on the surface fluxes, the surface temperature, and accordingly on the fog formation. Characteristic spatial patterns are similar, but results of the simulation with the modified parameters are more heterogenous Differences of 2m-temperature are between +2 C and -3,5 C Differences of latent heat flux are in the range of +30 and -40 W/m -2 and of sensible heat flux in the range of +20 and -50 W/m - TERRA 2-m temperature as well as surface temp. is higher than COSMO-VEG temp. Modifications of TERRA-ML concerning vegetation (canopy temperature, canopy humidity,...)
20 Thank you for your attention! In some parts material of he COMET Website at of UCAR of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research pursuant to a cooperative Agreements with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.U.S Department for Atmsopheric Research. All Rights Reserved University Corporation
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