Polarimetric Weather Radar by Selex ES Turn-key solutions and recent developments

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1 Polarimetric Weather Radar by Selex ES Turn-key solutions and recent developments R. Hannesen Radar workshop November 2015 Monash University, Melbourne

2 ORGANISATION Company profile Recent technical innovations Data processing Aviation meteorology 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 2

3 SELEX ES GMBH, GERMANY Selex ES GmbH in Neuss (headquarters) focusing on MET systems, services and the logistical support of MIL radars for German Military employs approx 170 highly qualified staff, mainly with technical background Neuss Backnang Selex ES GmbH in Backnang (branch) is acting mainly in the field of Defense Communications and Personal Mobile Radio (PMR) employs 30 highly qualified staff, mainly with a technical background 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 3

4 Weather Radar Systems METEOR X-Band Magnetron C-Band Magnetron & Klystron S-Band Magnetron & Klystron MET PRODUCT PORTFOLIO All State-of-the-Art Features Doppler & Dual Polarization Antenna Mounted Receivers Dynamic clutter filtering Automatic weather pattern recognition & warnings Wind Shear Detection Systems Lidar/Radar & Anemometer Based LLWAS Serving all Applications General Meteorology Aviation Meteorology Hydrology Research Others (Agriculture, Forestry, Hydro-/Wind- Energy, Storage reservoirs, Harbors, Off-shore platforms, Utility companies, Military, etc.) 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 4

5 SOME OF OUR 400 INSTALLATIONS 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 5

6 CUSTOMERS WORLDWIDE 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 6

7 MET PRODUCT PORTFOLIO Weather Radars Radar Components Aviation MIS Integration Services METEOR 700C Rainbow ShearScout Sonic METEOR 735C Ravis ShearScout 3D Lidar 3rd Party Radars METEOR 1700C GDRX Lightning Data Consultancy Radar Siting and Infrastructure Project Management METEOR 700S Raingauges Training METEOR 1700S METEOR 60DX, mobile AWOS Disdrometer Tailored Maintenance Contracts Spare Part Management METEOR 60DX, fixed RAINSCANNER ATC Consoles Nowcasting (STEPS, Titan) System Upgrades 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 7

8 ORGANISATION Company profile Recent technical innovations Data processing Aviation meteorology 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 8

9 COMPANY HISTORY 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 9

10 METEOR 700/1700/60 BENEFITS Pulse width range increased: 0.5 (0.3) 3.5 µs (Magnetron) µs (Klystron) Maximum PRF increased: Hz (METEOR 700S, 1700C, 1700S) Hz (METEOR 700C, 735C) Hz (METEOR 60DX) Maximum antenna rotation speed increased: up to 8 RPM (METEOR 700C, 735C, 1700C) 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 10

11 METEOR 700/1700/60 BENEFITS GDRX -5 Receiver and Signal Processor: MDS -114 dbm Linear dynamic range 115 db IF 60 MHz IF sampling 180 MHz Min. processing resolution 15 m Max. number of range gates 10,000 (per polarization, complete algorithms) > 60 single-pol and dual-pol data moments plus several other processing features 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 11

12 CYCLIC SCHEDULING Base (1) Base (2) WDG Continuous New time Data Idle Calibration (ZC, SP, Solar Raster, Bird-Bath-ZDR, Noise Figure) New New 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 12

13 SEQUENCER: MORE FLEXIBLE SCHEDULING 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 13

14 priority SEQUENCER: MORE FLEXIBLE SCHEDULING Current New Immediate (run once; data) Watchdog (cyclic; data) Base (cyclic; data) Calibration scripts (cyclic) Data scan packets Calibration script packets No general limitation in number more and flexible different priorities new mode cyclic during interval daily intervals one interval covering arbitrary period 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 14

15 INTEGRATED CALIBRATION CONCEPT Idea: perform calibrations in non-used range gates during data scan Current New Single point calibration for reflectivity alignment High/Low channel amplitude and phase offset calibration Transmitter power calibration Noise sounding and correction Differential reflectivity calibration bird bath time Data Idle Calibration (ZC, SP, Solar Raster, Bird-Bath-ZDR, Noise Figure) 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 15

16 INTEGRATED CALIBRATION CONCEPT Idea: perform calibrations in non-used range gates during data scan 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 16

17 INTEGRATED CALIBRATION CONCEPT Example: elevation angle 30 deg PRF 2000 Hz Unambiguous range 75 km Required data range 30 km altitude 15 km Noise sounding from 30 to 75 km Noise source on from 30 to 50 km Noise source off from 50 to 75 km 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 17

18 CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION Example: Bird bath scan Vertically pointing antenna Z DR in rain about ±0 db Measurement with QC Resulting Z DR - offset Recent result: db Inner Window: ±0.3 db Outer Window: ±0.6 db db 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 18

19 PHASE NOISE MEASUREMENT Doppler filter clutter suppression requires low phase noise How to measure phase noise for large distances? Fixed target: Is it really fixed? Radome and buildings swing in the wind, though little Atmospheric turbulence alters propagation time (i.e. phase) from pulse to pulse, though little At C-Band, 1 deg phase corresponds to mm two-way path CS -20 log( ΔΦ ) 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 19

20 Up to 200 km range without optical amplifier Up to 400 km range with optical amplifier OPTICAL DELAY LINE No measurable additive phase noise To Circulator Fiber Reel Waveguide Output Optical Amplifier To LNA Input Radar Transmitter Electrooptic Transducer Optoelectric Transducer Radar Receiver 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 20

21 OPTICAL DELAY LINE Get TX sample from vertical channel Attenuate and feed in delay line Feed into receiver to antenna vertical horizontal Fvd Rev Coupler Fvd Rev Coupler TR- LIMITER horizontal Down Converter IF In Low IF In High Klystron TX Coupler RF-SWITCH ABSORBER Fvd Rev GDRX DIVIDER TR- LIMITER vertical Down Converter IF In Low IF In High Tx Sample (TX-IN, X6 ARX) ABSORBER ABSORBER Fibre Optic Delay Line Booster Amplifier Tx Signal ITSG/ UC Unit 40 db RF in RF out Optical Interface 10 db LO Fibre optic reel 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 21

22 MEASUREMENTS X-BAND MAGNETRON Intensity and power spectrum for 7.5 km (two-way) Two-way distance Phase noise (stddev) Clutter Suppression 7.5 km 0.15 deg 51.6 db 15 km 0.36 deg 44 db 36 km 0.41 deg 42.9 db 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 22

23 ORGANISATION Company profile Recent technical innovations Data processing Aviation meteorology 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 23

24 8 new Rainbow 5 data products (past 18 Months); including polarimetric dust storm detection, and data quality index MDQI 7 Rainbow 5 data products extended (e.g. BWER check) DATA PROCESSING Wind turbine clutter removal MDQI: Beam Blocking DP Dust Storm Detection BWER 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 24

25 NEW MOMENT DATA QUALITY INDEX MDQI Considers one or more of the following parameters: Distance from radar (volume resolution) Height H of the beam Partial beam blocking Attenuation due to precipitation (considering Φ DP ) Attenuation due to wet radome (using a power-law function A = ar b ) Signal-to-noise ratio Signal quality index Spectral width ECLASS output (probability of echo being meteorological) In case of parameter combination, Q i from individual are averaged geometrically or arithmetically 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 25

26 NEW DATA QUALITY INDEX MDQI Example: Attenuation from precipitation Φ DP Attenuation Example: Beam Blocking MDQI Example: Spectral Width 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 26

27 MDQI AND ECLASS DP Data Fuzzy Logic MET Probability ECLASS MDQI MDQI ECLASS 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 27

28 WT CLUTTER SUPPRESSION BY INTERPOLATION WT range gates are flagged in a radar clutter map The radar detects whether a WT is rotating or not Clutter Map Initialization (WT Range Gates Flagged!) If it is rotating, the flagged range gates will be discarded WT Rotating? No Spectral Clutter Filtering The discarded range gates are then interpolated Yes Interpolation algorithms 1D linear Discard Data of WT Range Gates 2D linear other Retrieval by inverse sampling (RIS) Interpolation of WT Range Gates Speckle filter algorithm for single (isolated) contaminated range gates Ingestion of Interpolated Data 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 28

29 SIMPLE WT INTERPOLATION EXAMPLE Without interpolation With signal removal and 2D linear interpolation 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 29

30 ORGANISATION Company profile Recent technical innovations Data processing Aviation meteorology 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 30

31 AVIATION MET PROGRESS 1990s: ASTERIX (All Purpose Structured Eurocontrol Surveillance Information Exchange) CAT008: Single radar data 2000s: ASTERIX extensions CAT009: Radar composite data since 2000s: SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) 2010s: Potentially further ASTERIX extensions 2010s: SESAR GWMS (Ground Weather Monitoring System) 2010s: SESAR WISADS (Weather Information System for Advanced Decision Support) Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Forecast 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 31

32 PARTICIPATION IN AVIATION RESEARCH PROGRAMS Since 2009 participation in the European ATM modernization program SESAR (Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research) Since 2012 participation in the German Federal Aeronautical Research Program LUFO Research program continuity for SESAR until 2022 Research program continuity for LUFO until Selex ES GmbH 32

33 PARTICIPATION IN AVIATION RESEARCH PROGRAMS Target SESAR: Development of a meteorological Sensor Data Fusion Demonstrator for aerodrome weather monitoring (SESAR Ground Weather Monitoring System GWMS) Implementation of a Decision Support Framework for Airport CDM Development of a WEB based visualization system (WISADS = Weather Information System for Advanced Decision Support) External validation exercises at BWE/Germany airport Target LUFO: Enhanced meteorological products in terms of wind shear, eddy dissipation rate and short term forecasting Verification exercises together with the German air navigation service provider DFS 2015 Selex ES GmbH 33

34 SESAR GWMS REQUIREMENTS SAMPLES The system shall collect wind speed aloft vertically resolved: mean wind speed in 500 ft intervals up to 2000 ft above ground level, and in 1000 ft intervals above up to 5000 ft above ground level in support of the execution phase at the aerodrome. The system shall collect data on cloud base height, averaged over less than 10 minutes in support of the execution phase at the aerodrome. The system shall collect information on precipitation type [rain, snow, freezing rain, showers ]. The system shall collect information on convective activity within a locally defined area (default value 120 miles radius around the airport): i.e. thunderstorm/cb cell activity/lightning data in text form, including type and alignment of thunderstorm/cb activity. The system shall collect information on wind shear in the final approach of each runway direction in support of the execution phase at the aerodrome. The system shall collect information on surface headwind and gusts for all runway. directions in support of the execution phase at the aerodrome. The system shall generate a product for volcanic ash in support of the execution phase at the aerodrome Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 34

35 GWMS SENSOR SOURCES (3D) Ceilometer AWOS Rain Gauge Transmissiometer / Forward Scatter LLWAS Radiosonde Lightning Detection Systems National Radar Network AMDAR / ADS AFTN, NWP Satellite Doppler / Polarimetric Radar Doppler / Polarimetric Lidar Cloud Radar Wind Profiler Sodar / RASS 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 35

36 GWMS MET INFORMATION (CORE) Cloud base Cloud Amount Temperature profile Mean surface wind direction Surface wind gusts Head wind / Head wind gust Cross wind / Cross wind gust Turbulence Runway wind shear Winds aloft Visibility RVR for all runway segments Precipitation Amount Precipitation / Echo classification 3D Lightning Thunderstorm Expert remote sensing products (Radar and Lidar) Special patterns like tornados, storm structure analysis and gust fronts 3D MET Objects Ensemble Prediction 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 36

37 WISADS Weather Information System for Advances Decision Support 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 37

38 WISADS 2015 Selex ES GmbH Company confidential 38

39 Thank you! Dr. Ronald Hannesen Selex ES GmbH Raiffeisenstrasse Neuss, Germany Tel: +49 (0)