DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

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1 DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA AST-3043 Exam # 3 - Test Form A Section 0486 Fall, 2011 Periods: T5-6/R6 Dec 6 Special Code 05 Dr. Haywood Smith NAME (PRINT): Last, First, I The scores for this exam will be posted on the website of your instructor. Due to student privacy laws, the scores will be posted by the five digit code found in the upper left corner of each page. Each exam has a UNIQUE code number. However, other Astronomy sections use this exam format and may use the same exam code numbers. IT IS THEREFORE IMPORTANT THAT YOU MAKE SURE THAT THE SCORE YOU READ BELONGS TO YOU. The instructor s name and the exam number will be clearly marked on each exam score listing. As you turn in your exam, tear off this page and save it for future reference. It will aid you in finding your score when the exam scores are posted. Also, should you have any questions about the exam after it is graded, the loss of this page will make it difficult to find your exam and delay possible ( but unlikely ) changes to your grade. Should you have any questions, this page MUST be brought with you as a means of identification.

3 DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA AST-3043 Exam # 3 - Test Form A Section 0486 Fall, 2011 Periods: T5-6/R6 Dec 6 Special Code 05 Dr. Haywood Smith NAME (PRINT): Last,First,I SIGNATURE: On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this examination. My signature above indicates my compliance with this statement. DIRECTIONS: (1) Print name on this page and sign it also (NO NAME = NO SCORE). (2) Code on the Answer Sheet: (IF INCORRECT, SCORE = ZERO) A. Name, UFID No., & Section No. (PROOF THIS VERY CAREFULLY). B. Test Number See the top of your exam pages. (Use spaces on answer sheet for this 5-digit number.) (3) Use a Black No. 2 pencil to record answers Do not use ink. (ONLY ANSWERS RECORDED ON ANSWER SHEETS WILL BE SCORED.) (4) Answer ALL questions ONE answer is correct per question. (Scoring formula = number of correct answers DO NOT LEAVE BLANKS.) (5) Use margins or back of exam question pages for all scratch work. (6) Turn in all exam materials at the end of exam, INCLUDING THE EXAM QUESTION SHEETS. Put figure sheets (if provided with the exam) inside the question sheets. Hand in Green Answer Key SEPARATELY. >>>>> BEFORE YOU TURN IN YOUR EXAM <<<<< Have your student I.D. ready. Show the EXAM to the Proctor so she/he can check the exam code. NOTE: The answer NVA found in some questions means NOT A VALID ANSWER. If you give this response, you may consider that question will be graded automatically WRONG on your test. Your exam consists of 37 questions and begins on the next page. You may start as soon as you have carefully read and UNDERSTOOD the above instructions. You have a total of 50 minutes.

4 1. Newton himself considered the most productive time of his life for mathematics and science (natural philosophy) to have been when he was (1) home at Woolsthorpe during the plague years (2) professor of mathematics at Cambridge (3) Master of the Mint in London 2. Newton s Principia originated (1) as a followup to a conversation among members (Fellows) of the Royal Society Wren, Hooke, and Halley (2) entirely on Newton s own initiative, as part of his job as a math professor (3) in a bet with Robert Hooke that he could write an entire book on gravitation 3. Which of the following did Halley not do in connection with Newton s Principia? (1) write a considerable portion of it (2) pay for publication of it (3) mediate a dispute over priority between Newton and Hooke 4. The methodology employed by Newton in his Principia was (1) a combination of the inductive and deductive methods (2) exclusively deductive (3) exclusively inductive

5 5. The mathematics of Principia was (1) almost calculus, but not quite, yet very difficult (2) calculus in Newton s version, fluxions (3) very simple, so even a caveman could understand it 6. According to Newton s Laws of Motion, an object is not being acted on by a net external force so long as (1) its velocity isn t changing (2) its speed isn t changing (3) it continues moving in a circle 7. Which is accelerated more by their forces on each other, the Earth or the Moon? (Earth is more massive than the Moon.) (1) the Moon (2) the Earth (3) [neither; their accelerations would be the same] 8. Uniform circular motion is caused by the operation of a (1) centripetal force (2) centrifugal force (3) gravitational force (4) tidal force

6 9. If two planets have the same mass but different radii, which will have the larger surface gravity? (1) the smaller one (2) the larger one (3) [neither; they ll have the same surface gravity] 10. Which of the following orbits is a periodic orbit in the two-body problem? (1) ellipse (2) parabola (3) hippopede 11. According to Newton, an object fired from the Earth with exactly the escape velocity will follow a trajectory that is part of a (1) parabolic orbit (2) hyperbolic orbit (3) circular orbit 12. The Earth s mass is about 81 times greater than the Moon s. Then the center of mass of the Earth-Moon system is located (1) near the center of the Earth (2) near the center of the Moon (3) exactly midway between the centers of the Earth and the Moon

7 13. Newton showed that Kepler s Law of Areas (Second Law) is actually a result of the conservation of (1) angular momentum (2) linear momentum (3) energy 14. Which of the following quantities doesn t appear in Newton s version of Kepler s Third Law? (1) eccentricity (2) sum of the masses (3) period 15. (I suggest drawing a diagram on your question sheet.) The tidal force caused by the Moon at the place on Earth farthest from the Moon is directed (1) away from the Moon (2) towards the Moon (3) in the direction of Earth s rotation 16. The tides that occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth lie nearly along a straight line are called (1) spring tides (2) neap tides (3) winter tides

8 17. The Earth s oblateness is caused by (1) its rotation and the resulting centrifugal force (2) the tidal forces of the Moon and, to a lesser degree, the Sun (3) the way it originally formed 18. The Earth s precession (of the equinoxes) is caused by (1) tidal forces of the Sun and Moon trying to pull its equatorial bulge into alignment with the ecliptic plane (2) tidal forces of the Sun trying to pull the Moon s orbital plane into alignment with the ecliptic plane (3) tidal forces of the Sun trying to pull Earth s orbital plane (the ecliptic plane) into alignment with the Sun s equatorial plane 19. To measure the shape of the Earth, one measures the length of a degree of latitude at different latitudes. If the Earth is oblate, a degree of latitude is (1) shorter at the Equator than at the poles (2) shorter at the poles than at the Equator (3) shortest midway between the Equator and the poles (latitude 45 degrees) 20. Toward the end of Newton s life he precipitated the great controversy over priority in inventing the branch of mathematics now known as calculus; his antagonist was (1) Leibniz (2) Euler (3) Voltaire

9 21. The first expedition to bring back accurate data which indicated the actual oblateness of the Earth was that headed by (1) Godin, La Condamine, and Bouguer (2) Maupertuis (3) Halley 22. The branch of astronomy that deals with the positions of astronomical bodies on the sky is (1) astrometry (2) celestial mechanics (3) spectroscopy 23. The "Great Inequality" is a 900-year cycle associated with a resonance between the planets (1) Jupiter and Saturn (2) Mars and Jupiter (3) Uranus and Neptune 24. A numerical calculation of the orbit of Halley s Comet that accurately predicted the comet s return in 1759 was carried out by (1) Clairaut, Madame Lepaute, and Lalande (2) Euler (3) Halley (4) Lagrange

10 25. The fact that the "fixed" stars actually shift their positions on the celestial sphere very slowly because of their individual motions through space (the shifts we call proper motions) was discovered by (1) Halley (2) Bradley (3) Ptolemy 26. The first proof that the Earth goes around the Sun was the aberration of starlight discovered by (1) Bradley (2) Flamsteed (3) Hooke 27. Longitude on the Earth is determined by (1) comparing local time with time at the Prime Meridian (2) measuring the altitude of one of the celestial poles (3) comparing sidereal time with solar time 28. Mayer s tables of the Moon s motion were (1) calculated using Mayer s lunar theory with many parameters determined from observation (semi-empirical) (2) calculated using Mayer s lunar theory, purely analytically (3) calculated using the lunar theory from Principia

11 29. Halley pointed out that observations of the transits of Venus in 1761 and 1769 would give an accurate value for (1) the length of the astronomical unit (AU) (2) the true size of Venus, which is covered with clouds (3) the shape of the Earth 30. The Treatise on Celestial Mechanics which was the high point of eighteenth-century celestial mechanics was written by (1) Laplace (2) Clairaut (3) Bradley 31. Newton s theory of gravitation was finally shown to be incomplete or incorrect when which of the following was explained? (1) advance of Mercury s perihelion (2) irregularities in Neptune s motion (3) irregularities in Uranus s motion 32. The refracting telescope having a convex objective lens and a concave eyepiece lens is known as the (1) Galilean refractor (2) Keplerian or astronomical refractor (3) Cassegrain reflector

12 33. The reflecting telescope having a concave primary mirror and a concave secondary mirror is the (1) Gregorian (2) Cassegrain (3) Newtonian 34. The problem with the refracting telescope that causes color fringes around images and motivated Newton to turn to mirrors for the main optical element instead of lenses was (1) chromatic aberration (2) spherical aberration (3) magnification 35. The solution to the problem of chromatic aberration (though only partially) was the achromatic refractor patented by (1) Dollond (2) Hall (3) Newton 36. The instrument used to discover the aberration of starlight and nutation was the (1) zenith sector (2) ordinary transit telescope (3) mural quadrant

13 37. The approximate date of Newton is (1) 1690 (2) 1620 (3) 1540

DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA AST-3043 Exam # 1 - Test Form A Section 4053 Spring, 2012 Periods: MWF5 Feb. 10 Special Code 05 Dr. Haywood Smith NAME (PRINT): Last, First, I The scores for