Simulation of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) ore elutriation from chlorination fluidized bed reactors

Transcription

1 67-72:ml Jul 4/3/09 8:28 AM g 129 Sy Smul f um dxd (O 2 ) lu fm hl fludzd bd by F. bzu* Elu f ld fm fludzd bd ff h fm d ffy gly. Chl fludzd bd f lv v f ld ml xd ml hld ud wdly h dy. h udy vd lfm f uddg f ld h d ld hkg wh lu ug mul-zd l, d-lk, Gld B hldbl ml. h udy h fud h ul lu f h v ym flud by mlx m ludg bd dm, fbd hgh, bd mmum fludz vly, d hyl. Idu Fludz kw b h ffv ld mhd dff du f ld l fm flud-lk, vdg y vyg d hdlg wh d mxg f lg mu f ld. h h bugh uu dvlg fludz hml d mg gg, dg ky dg d l-u m uh : k, flw hyddym, d ld h. I 1944, h -ly fludzd bd w qud du h h lum f ulhd g, d f h f u w ud 1947 f gld du by yd. S h h gvly ld xg hlgy g mulhh d y kl, bh h ulhu d duy d f h f wd vy f ld ml dd mllugl du1. h hl fludzd bd w d 1950 wh h um dxd d-lk ml d wh hl g dug mh du um hld (Cl 4 ). h um dxd xhmlly fllw2 5: O 2 + 2Cl 2 + C Cl 4 + CO 2 [1] h udy fu um lu m hgh mu ( C) ug dff z d fgu fludzd bd du um hld (Cl 4 ) wdly ud dy f h yh f um ml, lly, d gm. Wh h m du f um hld, h ml xd hld wll d dud. w m dff fd ylly ud f h fludzd bd hl (.g. ul,, d lm). h w m fd k hv dff uu, m, d f um d ml xd; hwv, w f h ylly u h dy dd w ml vlbly, l dg bly, d w fm ml hld wh mhd dg f hm. h yl hl fludzd bd hgd u dff l dg d gg. h l f hl g u h w m mlly vlud by h dug l6. Fw wk hv md mul h fm f fludzd bd hl; hwv, ul w bd lb-l d um w md mh mdl d wh xml d7,8. Sflly, ld lu fm hl b gfly dff ld d whh lu m vlbl bd h ld hkg bhvu. A umb f mdl hv b dvld d vldd ug xml -u ud fully ld d f l f ld f g z, ufl g vly, du l u, d dff fbd hgh. N dg h m f uh ; z, fgu, dg, fd f, d bd m, hv * h Nl um Dxd C. (A Cl Glbl Cmy), Sud Ab. h Suh Af Iu f Mg d Mllugy, SA ISSN X/ h w f ublhd h Idul Fludz Suh Af, Cf (IFSA 2008), dg bk, Nv h Jul f h Suh Af Iu f Mg d Mllugy VOLUME 108 NON-REFEREED AER FEBRUARY

2 67-72:ml Jul 4/3/09 8:28 AM g 130 Smul f um dxd (O 2 ) lu ud vl fdg h ud5,8 flly h ff f wd l z dbu h ud. um. h lu d f bd vdg mdl : [8] O lu mhml mdl um dxd (O 2 ) lu ly ug v hl mdl dvld, wh yl d dg vlud dg h ff f g d ld. h m d vf f d lu f h u f gl mdl dvlm dud wll. Sub-mdl f ld d g (hl, b dxd, b mxd, d um hld) w ud udy m v ff, uful l f b uddg f dff mdl mlxy d h lm. A v mdl h mbd h h dff mdl (ld, g, d lu) wh h mdfd gy bl d h fld h qud mlxy f h ym. h ld mdl fllw h hkg x wh l f wd z dbu 0 ( ) fd uuly wh f F 0 bd. A dy d (h wgh f h bd xd W), l h fd hk uuly du h wh g d fm dff l z dbu h bd b ( ) whh bw h fd z d lu (d d y v) z. h f l lud d d-v wh h g m lvg h fludzd bd wh flw f F 2 d l dbu f F 2 ( ). h fd flw hw : F 0 ( ) = F 0 0 ( ) [2] h hkg mdl qu dvd fm ml bl f h fludzd bd dg ld fd, hkg h bd d h lu 1. h wd l z dbu f h ld ud g z vl ( ), wh hkg f ld u ug hg h l z dbu h bd d h lu m. I h fllwg hkg mdl qu, h wgh f h l z vl h bd md fllw: h wgh f f h vl hw : h l bd wgh d h m f h lud m : A umb f m ludd h g mdl, mly hl d k mbu, g bh bubbl d mul h, d f g [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Equ [10] ud lul λ : Equ [11] [13] f h dg ff (CD), l Ryld umb (R) d ld l vly (U )9: [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] N h, d f ug α vlu dff l z vl uggd by h ud9 Equ [10], α vlu md bd yl f ld fludzd bd ym, whh vd m lbl ul. Rul d du Rul hv dmd h ml mdl, uh h ld hkg mdl f d k, vd uful uddg f h ld bhvu d h m h flu bd fm. A wll, vl h lm f h ld mdl uddg h ml bhvu, h g mdl ludd d um md. Sld m w vd h mdl d h m xd df d m h uful f h wh h g mdl. F xml, hgh lw lu f ld fm h bd k l f xd dff g vl. h h dg m xd h dm (fu f bd wgh d bd hgh). R dm v h umb f m w vd d h ff h w dmd. h f bd dm ( v bd wgh) hgd h h bd. Subquly, w h y du h mu du vy m h m lvl wh l h lud (d v d) ml. Fgu 1 hw h g bd dm, d hu v bd wgh, h uld y bl hg f h bd SD. h lu w hd wll by h ud10 ug xml quz f 2.5 m dm d 95 m lgh. h xml lb-l hd x z h u du h y v (lu) f l. S, h gm h fdg, v wh 130 FEBRUARY 2009 VOLUME 108 REFEREED AER h Jul f h Suh Af Iu f Mg d Mllugy

3 67-72:ml Jul 4/3/09 8:28 AM g 131 Smul f um dxd (O 2 ) lu ug dff l hl bd. Fgu 2 hw h wh g bd wgh, h lu hw v ff,.. g bd wgh du h lu, whh xd h mdl qu. hu, wh hgh bd wgh, h hml d hyddym d f h bd (.g. mu, v g, d qud ufl g vly) kw hv h lu hw h d ul. I bl h g dug h lu vlu d du h blu lu, h f f l z vl h bd d h lu m. df h bly f hvg h qud hyddym f h d hgh wgh d, d ubquly h lv lu, f h ld d g mdl mmdd d wll b ublhd h. Fd v Fd ul hgh du f um hld. h d du hw l f h f ld (Fgu 3). I h, du h fd m v whl mg h lu lld f fd d bd wgh, h qud u hgh lvl f, hu hmlly hgh mu qud, y h k mdf b d u hv h hgh. N h hgh mu wll ld hgh um f k d udbl CO/CO 2 g du uld. F h m vbly f d hughu, fxd lu f h vbl fd lld. Fgu 4 hw h, wh fxd bd wgh, lu d du h f fd d ubquly h lv f lu qu. Elu l My ublhd l dmg h lu fud; hwv, hy w lmd h xml d mlyd by h f h vg d h u ud11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19. Exl l f h l dff g d f ld vy g ul, f xml, ug m f h dvld l dff dm uh hgh x g flw,. A m lbl mdl w d d mdfd11. Cd f lu l gv bd dm d hgh dg m wll hyddym d (mmum fludz vly, ufl g vly, g dy, g vy) d l f w ml uh ld l dy. Em xm ug vl dm g fm 1.9 m 14.6 m ludd h dm g h 10 m, h lu bm d dd f vl dm20. Oh xm f lgl fludzd bd hv d h h lu fud md mll-l bd dm, v ml g d21. h xld h gf f h wll ff wll dd mly h fludz gm whh h g. F xml, h lum dm ff dmh f h f f h l m m hgh g vly10. Fludzd bd l-u v m hml du; hwv, lu l mj f dg d qully. A h dul dvlm u h ff mv h kwldg f lg-l fludzd bd ym, hugh ly f h u m h kwldg gd h bd dm ff. Lg bd qu u f ud fm f dbu l dg dbug g uffly. Iuff dbu f h fd g my u h g vly h bd d hu h Bd f l ul vl Fgu 1 SD f bd, fd d yv m f dff bd wgh Elu Sld (mm/h) Fd (kg/h) Fgu 3 R fl wh hgg fd l ul vl Fgu 2 Elu fl f dff bd wgh l vl Fgu 4 Elu fl h Jul f h Suh Af Iu f Mg d Mllugy VOLUME 108 REFEREED AER FEBRUARY

4 67-72:ml Jul 4/3/09 8:28 AM g 132 Smul f um dxd (O 2 ) lu h lu wll h l d l f ubl ld l dug h ug md f. Fgu 5 hw h, f h fludz d ud udy, h dm v hw ff h lu vlu, whh gm wh h bv10. I gl m, lg bd qu ful vm h d lu ulg fm hgh hughu md mll z bd. I wh mg h h f h lu f vl 7 Fgu 5 ufl, h vl h ddd ll l h h mxmum z ud, d hu h gl d f h lu du wh hgh l vl md. Bd hyddym vbl, ludg h mmum fludz vly v blvd hv y ff h lu 10. Oh h hv d h hyddym v my hv ud hg h lu 22. Al, h bd hyddym uh bubbl z d bd l my hv bud h lu d bv. h d bw lu d m huld b ddd fully dff ug ym wh h w h. Wh, mum f lu b d blw h l dggm hgh (DH) ml lu h b dw22. h mum bv h DH ll hw v d h ddy f h lu hyddym. Mmum fludz vly dd mly h umb f m ld h ld d g h bd d h d vl gmy vlum. Sflly, dd l, vg dm, ld dy, g dy, d vy9. hf, h mmum fludz vly huld hg wh ug h m ym f ld d g. S, bh vl lu bu h ddy f h lu bd hyddym, mly mmum fludz vly, b xld. I h f g wh fludzd bd m h hyl f h g d ld, lu xd b ffd by bd hyddym. Hwv, f h bd, lu b ffd by h du f h mmum fludz vly. Og fludzd bd u dff lu wh hg bd ul lw mmum fludz vly. Fgu 6 hw h wh fludzd bd hv ud hg h mmum fludz vly, h lu d h hg wll. F xml, wh fludzd bd du dy wh m du h umul f lw dy mu, h lu du h hf f h bd mmum fludz vly lw lvl. Eff f H/D l-u Lg dm dff H/D dff g lvl. h f mg h H/D whl bd vlum ld u mm. F h m H/D (0.75), mvg fm d bd hllw bd hw h lu (Fgu 7). Al, w hllw bd hv hw f lu fm h bd. h ul bd h g wh vu h fdg wh h w h lu f lg-l fludzd bd md mll-l bd dm21. I h wd, h bd dm whl mg h g flw d hv d lu. N h h lw H/D f 0.70 h hw h hgh lu fm h. h du h du f h bd g lvl fm u whl h dm w md 5.00 u. Mwhl, h bd wgh f h h hd hgh vlu whl vlum dud. h hgh k h uld h f wgh, dmg h mlx f h ym d h qud l mu f ym duvy. h l ly f h lu h ludd h h lu v h dm v. h lu g wh h ud. Hwv, h lu fm h g-lu-ld-v mdl hw b ffd by bd hgh wll dm, hw Fgu 8. h hllw f H/D=0.70 h hw d fd dud mu f g g d d fd f k d m h fbl bd f k. Clu h ld hkg mdl f d k h vdd uful uddg f ld bhvu d h m h flu hl fludzd bd fm. Ig dug lu vlu d du h blu lu, h f f l z vl h bd d h lu m. Hgh lvl f yld hgh hughu vdd h hgh mu bl. Hwv, h k mdf b d u hv h hgh. Mmum fludz vly hg du lw dy mu umul ul hgh lu f h bd. Fgu 5 Eff f bd dm k() Fgu 6 Eff f mmum fludz vly k() 132 FEBRUARY 2009 VOLUME 108 REFEREED AER h Jul f h Suh Af Iu f Mg d Mllugy

5 67-72:ml Jul 4/3/09 8:28 AM g 133 Smul f um dxd (O 2 ) lu Fgu 7 Elu f lg vlum hllw fludzd bd Elu fm h g-lu-ldv mdl hw b ffd by bd hgh wll dm. N d Sld l dm F 0 Fd f ld, kg -1 ( qu 3.48, lwh kg h-1) F 0 ( ) Flw f h ld fd m vl, kg h-1 F 2 Elu f ld, kg -1 ( qu 3.48, lwh kg h-1) F 2 ( ) Flw f h lu m vl, kg h-1 g Gvl k( ) Elu f h vl bg vlud, h-1 k Elu, kg m ( ) Wgh f f h l z vl h fd m 2 ( ) Wgh f f h l z vl h lu m b ( ) Wgh f f h l z vl h bd R R f h hkg, mm h-1 M l du f h vl bg vlud, mm U 0 Sufl g vly, m -1 U mf Mmum fludz vly, m -1 U Sld ml vly, m -1 W l ld bd wgh, kg W( ) Wgh f h l z vl h bd, kg W( +1 ) Wgh f h x vl, kg Gk l: Δ S z f h vl, mm α A x h dd ul l z vl Fbd vdg µ G vy (luld fu f bd mu), ρ g G dy (luld fu f bd mu), kg m-3 ρ Sld l dy, kg m-3 Rf 1. KUNII, D. d LEVENSIEL, O. Fludz Egg, 2d d, Buwh-Hm MORRIS, A. J. d JENSEN, R. F. Fludzd-Bd Chl R f Aul Rul. Ml.. vl. 7B, Fgu 8 Elu f lg vlum hllw fludzd bd 3. LIN, C. I. d LEE,. J. O h Chl f um Dxd-Cb ll II. Eff f C/O 2 R, Chl F d G Sz f um Dxd d Cb. J. Ch. I. Chm. Eg. vl. 17,. 2: LIN, C. I. d CHIU,. Y. K Sudy h Chl f Rul-Cb ll. J. Ch. I. Chm. Eg. vl : YOUN, I. J. d ARK, K. Y. Mdlg f Fludzd Bd Chl f Rul. Mll.. vl. 20B, RABZUNI, F. Mdlg d Smul f Chl Fludzd Bd R. hd h. Uvy f Bdfd YANG, F. d HLAVACEK, V. Cbhl K f um Dxd wh Cb d Cb Mxd Rdu. Mll. M.. vl. 29B, ZHOU, L. d SOHN, H. Y. Mhml Mdlg f Fludzd-Bd Chl f Rul. AIChE J. vl YAES, J. G. Fudml f Fludzd Bd Chml. Ld, Buwh WEN, C. Y. d CHEN, L. H. Fludzd Bd Fbd hm: Em d Elu. AIChE J. vl , GUHA, S. K., KUMAR, A. d SEN GUA,. Mhm f Elu fm Fludzd Bd. C. J. Chm. Eg. vl , FOURNOL, A. B., BERGOUGNOU M. A. d BAKER G. G. J. Sld Em Lg G Fludzd Bd. C. J. Chm. Eg. vl. 51, GEORGE, S. E. d GRACE, J. R. Em f l fm Agggv Fludzd Bd. AIChE Symum S. vl , COLAKYAN, M., CAIOVIC, N., JOVANOVIC, G. d FIZGERALD,. Elu fm Lg l Fludzd Bd wh d wh u Immd H f ub. AIChE 72d Mg. S F GELDAR, D., CULLINAN, J., GEORGEHIADES, S., GILVARY, D. d OE, D. J. h Eff f F Em fm G Fludzd Bd.. Id. Chm. Eg. vl. 67, GEORGE, S. E. d GRACE, J. R. Em f l fm l Sl Fludzd Bd. S. 3d Il Cf Fludz. Hk. Nw Hmh HORIO, M., AKI, A.,; HSIEH, Y. S. d MUCHI, I. Elu d l hugh h Fbd f G-Sld Fludzd Bd. 3d Il Cf Fludz. Hk, Nw Hmh BONSACK, J.. Ed-flw Chl f F fu Ml. U.S. 4, , BONSACK, J.. d SCHNEIDER, E. Ed-Flw Chl f fu Slg du um hld. Mll. M.. 3. vl. 32 B, LEWIS, W. K., GILLILAND, E. G. d LANG,. M. Em fm Fludzd Bd. CE Symum S. vl , LIN, L., SEARS, J.. d WEN, C. Y. Elu d A f Ch fm Lg Fludzd Bd. wd hlgy. vl. 27, MERRICK, D. d HIGHLEY, J. l Sz Rdu d Elu Fludzd Bd. AIChE Symum S. vl , h Jul f h Suh Af Iu f Mg d Mllugy VOLUME 108 REFEREED AER FEBRUARY