Sintered Metal Element

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Spencer Rice
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1 Sinered Meal Elemen E /ES Series ronze/sainless Seel FGD FGE FGG FG FGC FGF FGH FQ FN E ES ronze elemens Sainless seel elemens

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Hex idh across flas C Hex idh across flas C Hex idh across flas C Hex idh across flas C Produc Configuraions of Sinered Meal Elemens Configuraion ronze elemens (C) Sainless seel elemens (SUS) Disc ED

3 Hex idh across flas C Hex idh across flas C Hex idh across flas C Hex idh across flas C Produc Configuraions of Sinered Meal Elemens Configuraion ronze elemens (C) Sainless seel elemens (SUS) Disc ED Series (P.) Wih ouside diameer cuing finish Wihou ouside diameer cuing finish ESD Series (P.) Wih ouside diameer cuing finish Wihou ouside diameer cuing finish FGD FGE Suare shee Cylinder W ES Series (P.) EP Series (P.9) Wih exernal shearing finish Wih exernal machining finish W ESS Series (P.) ESP Series (P.) Wih exernal shearing finish Wih exernal machining finish Seamless finish (molded produc) Wih seams (elded produc) FGG FG FGC FGF FGH FQ Cylinder ih boom EW Series (P.9) ESW Series (P.4) Seamless finish (molded produc) Wih seams (elded produc) FN E ES Cone ih flange EF Series (P.) Elemen ih fiing P. Wih fiing (M, M, R/, R/4, R/, R/) P. Wih fiing (M, M, R/, R/4, R/, R/) Feaures Sinered maerial: CC euivalen (Meal maerial of elemens ih fiing: brass) Produces CuCO Cu(OH) (paina) in he amosphere, providing good corrosion resisance. Sinered maerial: SUS6 euivalen (Meal maerial of elemens ih fiing: sainless seel) usenie sainless seel ih good corrosion resisance o acids, alkaline subsances, and oher chemicals

SMC sinered meal elemens are suiable High mechanical srengh and ihsand pressure ni-corrosion Suiable for high-accuracy filraion Suiable for machining, crimping, brazing, elding, and simulaneous

C) CC euivalen.0 o 6. o 4 60 o 00. x SUS6 euivalen 4. o. 6 o 4 0 o 0.6 x Tensile srengh (MPa) Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) Typical configuraions 9. o.4 (),,,, 0,,, 0, Disc, suare shee, cylinder, cylinder ih boom, cone ih flange, elemen ih fiing, ec.

Noe ) Thermal expansion coefficien applies o sainless seel or bronze maerial, no o sinered meal elemens. Noe ) Nominal filraion accuracy of µm is an opional value.

Ra maerial caegories and nominal filraion accuracy (µm) Sieve (mesh) Opening (µm) Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 4 7 00 4 60 0 0 0 00 7 0 0 Noe ) Sieve (mesh) and opening values apply o meal mesh

) Ra Maerial Poder and Sinered Meal Elemen <ronze poder> <Sainless seel poder> 0 6 sinered meal elemen consiss of counless inerconneced capillary ubes, making i suiable for a ide range of uses.

4 SMC sinered meal elemens are suiable High mechanical srengh and ihsand pressure ni-corrosion Suiable for high-accuracy filraion Suiable for machining, crimping, brazing, elding, and simulaneous sinering Washing allos repeaed use pplicaions Specificaions Iem ronze Sainless seel Maerial Sinering densiy (g/cm ) Void raio (%) Operaing emperaure range ( C) Noe 4) Thermal expansion coefficien (/ C) CC euivalen.0 o 6. o 4 60 o 00. x SUS6 euivalen 4. o. 6 o 4 0 o 0.6 x Tensile srengh (MPa) Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) Typical configuraions 9. o.4 (),,,, 0,,, 0, Disc, suare shee, cylinder, cylinder ih boom, cone ih flange, elemen ih fiing, ec. Noe ) Sinering densiy, void raio, and ensile srengh differ according o nominal filraion accuracy. Noe ) Thermal expansion coefficien applies o sainless seel or bronze maerial, no o sinered meal elemens. Noe ) Nominal filraion accuracy of µm is an opional value. Noe 4) For operaing emperaure range of he elemen ih fiing (sandard produc), refer o pages and. Ra maerial caegories and nominal filraion accuracy (µm) Sieve (mesh) Opening (µm) Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) Noe ) Sieve (mesh) and opening values apply o meal mesh separaing ra maerial, no o elemens. Noe ) Nominal filraion accuracy: Refers o value used o caegorize ra maerial, no o filraion raing. (Refer o he page for Nominal filraion accuracy.) Ra Maerial Poder and Sinered Meal Elemen <ronze poder> <Sainless seel poder> 0 6 sinered meal elemen consiss of counless inerconneced capillary ubes, making i suiable for a ide range of uses. For deailed informaion on purpose-specific applicaions, please conac SMC.. Filraion Sinered meal elemens are idely used for removing foreign paricles from many differen kinds of flo media. Major applicaion fields: General gases, aer, various kinds of oils Normally, filraion makes use of he so-called bridge effec here foreign paricles are blocked because hey form a bridge-like accumulaion. The size and disribuion of paricles o be filered can be conrolled hrough parameers such as he diameer of he capillary ubes. Paricles may be blocked compleely or selecively. Foreign paricles efore filraion Filraion Capillary ubes Enlarged vie Fluid being of secion, filered shoing bridge effec. High-viscosiy filraion This is used o remove foreign maer or gel from ra maerials for fibers or films.. Sound absorpion The porous ualiy of sinered meal elemens allos hem o absorb sound energy, providing a muffling or silencing effec. 4. Gas removal Sinered meal elemens are used for degassing purposes in forming and molding processes.. Foaming Sinered meal elemens posiioned in various kinds of fluids are used o inroduce gases, for sirring and oher purposes. <Sinered bronze> <Sinered sainless seel> 6. Flo conrol ecause a sinered meal elemen consiss of counless inerconneced capillary ubes, i can be used o conrol he flo of fluids. Cylindrical bronze elemens are especially suied for his ype of applicaion Oher applicaions Various oher applicaions make use of he fluidpassing funcionaliy of sinered meal elemens.

5 for a ide range of indusrial applicaions. Flo Rae Characerisics Fluid: ir Pressure drop P (kpa) Fluid: ir 0 Pressure drop P (kpa) ronze (C) 0. Nominal filraion accuracy µm Elemen hickness: mm Temperaure: 0 C Viscosiy coefficien:. x Pa s µm µm µm 0 µm µm µm 0 µm µm Flo rae per uni area (/min (NR)/cm ) Sainless seel (SUS) Elemen hickness:. mm Temperaure: 0 C Viscosiy coefficien:. x Pa s µm µm µm Nominal filraion accuracy µm 0 µm µm µm 0 µm µm Fluid: Waer 0 Nominal filraion accuracy µm µm Pressure drop P (kpa) Fluid: Waer 00 Pressure drop P (kpa) 0 Elemen hickness: mm Temperaure: 0 C Viscosiy coefficien: x Pa s µm µm 0 µm µm µm 0 µm µm Flo rae per uni area (/min/cm ) Nominal filraion accuracy µm Elemen hickness:. mm Temperaure: 0 C Viscosiy coefficien: x Pa s µm µm µm 0 µm µm µm 0 µm µm FGD FGE FGG FG FGC FGF FGH FQ FN E ES Flo rae per uni area (/min (NR)/cm ) Flo rae per uni area (/min/cm ) Noe) Flo rae characerisics for sainless seel elemens ESP-ESW (diameer mm or less, no ESD seams) are differen. <Simplified formula for calculaing pressure drop> The sae euaion of an ideal gas (PV/T = consan) and he pressure drop are proporional o elemen hickness and viscosiy. ased on his, he pressure drop under condiions ha are differen from hose used in he flo rae characerisics char can be calculaed roughly for reference, using he folloing simplified procedure. () Pressure drop P kpa hen flo medium is air, emperaure T C, pressurizaion P kpa: P=. x P0 x (7 + T) P0: Pressure drop kpa obained from flo rae characerisics char 9 x (P +.) () Elemen hickness dependen pressure drop P kpa hen flo medium is air and aer, elemen hickness mm, and elemen hickness in flo rae characerisics char differs: P0: Pressure drop kpa obained from flo rae characerisics char or from () P= P0 x 0: Elemen hickness in flo rae characerisics char (C elemen = mm/ SUS elemen 0 (. or ) =. mm) () Pressure drop P kpa hen viscosiy η of flo medium differs from ha of air or aer: P0: Pressure drop kpa obained from flo rae characerisics char η η: Viscosiy of flo medium Pa s P= P0 x η0 η0: Viscosiy of flo rae characerisics char (air =. x Pa s, aer = x Pa s) 7

produc ihou cuing finish µm o 0 o 0. o o o ± 0. ± 0. Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D values is mm, and 0. mm for values. Manufacuring range for produc ih cuing finish µm 6 0 o 00 o 0 ± 0.

6 Sinered Meal Elemen Sandard Configuraions and Dimensions (Uni: mm) ronze (C). Disc Ho o Order ED 6 Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Ouside diameer finish caegory Nil M Wihou cuing finish Wih cuing finish Sandard dimensions produc (no cuing finish) µm Manufacuring range for produc ihou cuing finish µm o 0 o 0. o o o ± 0. ± 0. Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D values is mm, and 0. mm for values. Manufacuring range for produc ih cuing finish µm 6 0 o 00 o 0 ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. o 0 o 00. o Noe ) For producs ih non-sandard dimensions, sinering mold is reuired. Please conac SMC. 0 0 o 0 o o 0 D < D < D 0 : o (exceeds 00) Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D and values is 0. mm. Noe ) Edge secions of producs ih a nominal filraion accuracy of µm and higher may exhibi paricle chipping and oher machining problems. Minimum order uaniy is pieces. (Excluding ED- M). Suare Shee Ho o Order ES 0 0 W Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Circumference finish caegory Nil M Produc ih shirring finish Produc ih machining finish W Manufacuring range for produc ih shearing finish W (Widh) (engh) o 00 0 o 00 o 00 0 o 00 o 00 0 o 00. o µm o 0 o o ± W, ± ± 0. W, < W, 00 Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying W and values is mm, and 0. mm for values. Noe ) When shearing is used, he cu secion is a break surface hich ill have shear drops and cracks. To remove hese, process a leas mm on one side. Noe ) Edge secions of producs ih a nominal filraion accuracy of µm and higher may exhibi paricle chipping and oher machining problems. Manufacuring range for produc ih machining finish W (Widh) (engh) o 00 o 00 o 0 o 00 0 o 00 0 o 00 o 0 o 00 0 o 00 0 o 00 µm o 0. o o o W, ± 0. ± 0. ± ±. ± 0. ± 0. W, 0 0 < W, < W, < W, 00 : o (exceeds 00) Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying W,, and values is 0. mm. Noe ) Edge secions of producs ih a nominal filraion accuracy of µm and higher may exhibi paricle chipping and oher machining problems.

6 o 00 < D 00 00 < D 0.. o 00 4 o 00 00 o 00 6 µm o o (for sandard and cusom producs) ± 0. ± 0. ± ± 0. ± 0. ± ±. ± 0. o D 0 0 < D < D 0 0 0 < < < 00 4 00.

7 Sandard Configuraions and Dimensions (Uni: mm) Sinered Meal Elemen ronze (C). Cylinder Ho o Order EP 00 Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Sandard dimensions produc µm Manufacuring range D 0 0 < D < D 4 4 < D 6 6 < D o 0 o 00 0 o 0 0 o 00 o 00 0 o 00 o 0 4 o 00 6 o 00 < D < D 0.. o 00 4 o o 00 6 µm o o (for sandard and cusom producs) ± 0. ± 0. ± ± 0. ± 0. ± ±. ± 0. o D 0 0 < D < D < < < Noe ) For a 00 mm lengh, here is a draf aper of abou mm across. Therefore he diameer D olerance refers o he value a he cener of. Noe ) End surfaces are creaed by cuing. Edge secions of producs ih a nominal filraion accuracy of µm and higher may exhibi paricle chipping and oher machining problems. Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D and values is 0. mm. Smalles uni for specifying values is as noed in he able. Noe 4) For producs ih non-sandard dimensions, sinering mold is reuired. Please conac SMC. FGD FGE FGG FG FGC FGF FGH FQ FN E ES 4. Cylinder ih oom Ho o Order EW 0 Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Opening side finish caegory Nil M Wihou cuing finish Wih cuing finish Sandard dimensions produc (no cuing finish) 0 0 µm o Manufacuring range for produc ihou cuing finish 7 D 7 o < D 0 o 0 µm. o o. o. o Manufacuring range for produc ih cuing finish 0 < D 0 0 o 0 0 < D 0 o 0 µm. o. o. o (for sandard and cusom producs) ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. 7 D 0 0 < D < 0 Noe ) There is a draf aper of abou mm across. Noe ) Opening side end surface is creaed by cuing. Edge secions of producs ih a nominal filraion accuracy of µm and higher may exhibi paricle chipping and oher machining problems. Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D and values is 0. mm. Smalles uni for specifying values is as noed in he able. Noe 4) For producs ih non-sandard dimensions, sinering mold is reuired. Please conac SMC. 9

Sinered Meal Elemen Sandard Configuraions and Dimensions (Uni: mm) ronze (C). Cone ih Flange Ho o Order EF 9 Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Sandard dimensions produc (± 0.) (± 0.) (± 0.) (± 0.) (± 0.) 9 7.

Elemen ih Fiing (Sandard produc) EKX model number Connecion hread M M R/ R/4 R/ R/ Model number EKX-X9007- EKX-X900- EKX-04- EKX-J00- EKX-0- EKX-J00- EKX-06- EKX-J00- EKX-07-9.7 9.7. 47. 9 4. 0.

8 Sinered Meal Elemen Sandard Configuraions and Dimensions (Uni: mm) ronze (C). Cone ih Flange Ho o Order EF 9 Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Sandard dimensions produc (± 0.) (± 0.) (± 0.) (± 0.) (± 0.) µm o 0 o o Noe ) Figures in brackes indicae olerance Elemen ih Fiing (Sandard produc) EKX model number Connecion hread M M R/ R/4 R/ R/ Model number EKX-X9007- EKX-X900- EKX-04- EKX-J00- EKX-0- EKX-J00- EKX-06- EKX-J00- EKX Dimensions C Configuraion Model number suffix (nominal filraion accuracy) definiion Example: Nominal filraion accuracy µm EKX-J00-00 symbol Nominal filraion accuracy µm µm µm 0 µm µm µm 0 µm µm Operaing emperaure: 60 o 0 C Hex idh across flas C Crimping Crimping Hex idh across flas C

9 Sinered Meal Elemen Sandard Configuraions and Dimensions (Uni: mm) Sainless seel (SUS). Disc Ho o Order ESD 4 Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Ouside diameer finish caegory No symbol Wihou cuing finish M Wih cuing finish FGD FGE FGG FG FGC FGF FGH FQ Sandard dimensions produc (no cuing finish) FN E ES Manufacuring range for produc ihou cuing finish D < 4 o 4 4 D 0 o Noe ) For producs ih non-sandard dimensions, sinering mold is reuired. Please conac SMC. Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D values is 0. mm, and 0. mm for values. ± 0. ± 0. Manufacuring range for produc ih cuing finish (no elding) 0 o 0 o, 4, 0. o 0 (), 4, Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D values is 0. mm, and 0. mm for values of mm or less. Noe ) Figures in brackes manufacuring range for nominal filraion accuracy µm. Manufacuring range for produc ih cuing finish (ih elding) paern D 4 4 < D < D < D 0 0 < D 00 0 < D 0 r y e o o (), 4, ( paerns) ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. 0 D < D < D 0 ± 0. ± 0. ± D < D < D 00 ± 0. (excluding elded secions) Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D values is 0. mm, and 0. mm for values of mm or less. Noe ) Producs ih = o and D, or = (), 4, and D 0 have elded seams. Producs ih have dual-sided elding. Figures in brackes indicae manufacuring range for nominal filraion accuracy µm. Noe ) Producs ih ouside diameer D 00 are finished by manual grinding. Welded secions are ire brushed o remove oxide scales. (Oxide bah cleaning is no performed.) e r y Minimum order uaniy is pieces. (Excluding ESD- M) a

10 Sinered Meal Elemen Sandard Configuraions and Dimensions (Uni: mm) Sainless seel (SUS). Suare Shee Ho o Order ESS 0 0 W Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Ouside finish caegory No symbol Produc ih shearing finish M Produc ih machining finish W Manufacuring range for produc ih shearing finish (no elding) W (Widh) (engh) o 0 0 o 0,. o 0 0 o 00 o Welded produc W (Widh) o 00 (engh) o 00 o 0 o 00 0 o 00 W, ± ± W, < W, 00 ± 0. (excluding elded secions) Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying W and values is mm, and 0. mm for values. Noe ) When shearing is used, he cu secion is a break surface hich ill have shear drops and cracks. To remove hese, process a leas mm on one side. Manufacuring range for produc ih machining finish (no elding) W (Widh) (engh) W < < W W < 0 < 0 W W 0 0 0,. o (), 4, Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying W and values is 0. mm, and 0. mm for values of mm or less. Noe ) Figures in brackes indicae manufacuring range for nominal filraion accuracy µm. ± 0. ± 0. W, ± ±. ± 0. W, 0 0 < W, < W, < W, < 0 Manufacuring range for produc ih machining finish (ih elding) W (Widh) (engh) W 40 < 0 o W W (), 4, Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying W and values is 0. mm, and 0. mm for values of mm or less. Noe ) Producs ih W > 40 are cu shees elded ogeher hich may have a sligh shif or uneven heigh. Noe ) Figures in brackes indicae manufacuring range for nominal filraion accuracy µm. paern (= o, common o shearing/machining finish) paern ( = (), 4, ) W (Widh) (engh) Number of shees Configuraion W W (Widh) (engh) 0 W < 0 00 < W < W < < 0 < W < 0 00 e < < 66 W < W < r 0 W < 66 0 < 66 r r 66 W 66 y 4 < 00 y 4 < W 00 < 00 u ± 0. W, ± < W, W, ±. < W, < 00 ± 4 (W < 40) ± 0. (excluding elded secions) Noe ) Producs ih = o and W, 0 or = (), 4, and W, 0 have elded seams. Producs ih have dual-sided elding. Noe ) Welded secions of producs ih W, 00 are ire brushed o remove oxide scales. (Oxide bah cleaning is no performed.) ( paerns) Number of shees Configuraion e r W e r y u

Sinered Meal Elemen Sandard Configuraions and Dimensions (Uni: mm) Sainless seel (SUS). Cylinder Ho o Order ESP 0 0 Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Sandard dimensions produc (seamless) 4 6 0,.

11 Sinered Meal Elemen Sandard Configuraions and Dimensions (Uni: mm) Sainless seel (SUS). Cylinder Ho o Order ESP 0 0 Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Sandard dimensions produc (seamless) 4 6 0, , Manufacuring range for seamless produc ( : eld seams dimensions) o 6 o 0 o 0 4 D < D < D < D < D < D < D < 6 6 D 0. o o o 0 o 0 (0 ). Cylinder ouside diameer finish caegory No symbol Seamless finish (molded produc) W Wih seams (elded produc) 0 0, 0 60 o 60 ( ) FGD FGE FGG FG FGC FGF FGH FQ FN E ES ± 0. ± 0. ± ± 0. ± 0. ± ± 0. 4 D 0 0 < D 0 : eld seams 0 0 < 60 : eld seams Noe ) For producs ih non-sandard dimensions, sinering mold is reuired. Please conac SMC. Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D and values is 0. mm. Smalles uni for specifying values is as noed in he able. Producs ih eld seams are only available in he dimensions indicaed in he able. Noe ) Producs ih eld seams may have some curvaure or uneven heigh. Noe 4) End finish: no cuing (for µm or less, and >, cuing finish is provided) Sandard dimensions produc (ih seams) Manufacuring range for produc ih seams o 4 o 9 0 o 9 0 o 9 o 49 0 o 7 74 o 0 o 00 o 00 (00 0 o 00 ) ( : eld seams dimensions) (00 ) o. o. o. o.. o o 74 0 ±. ± ± 0. ± 0. ± ±. ± ± 0. o 7 74 o < < < < 00 Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D and values is mm, and 0.mm for values. Dimension in brackes for -seam producs refer o maximum lengh. Noe ) Producs ih D 74 have seams in lenghise direcion. Noe ) End finish: ih cuing.

(seamless) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Manufacuring range for seamless produc o 0 o 0 D < D < D < D < D < D < 6 6 D 0. o o o 0 o 0. o 60. 4 4. ± 0.

12 Sinered Meal Elemen Sandard Configuraions and Dimensions (Uni: mm) Sainless seel (SUS) 4. Cylinder ih oom Ho o Order ESW Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 Cylinder ouside diameer finish caegory No symbol W Seamless finish (molded produc) Wih seams (elded produc) Sandard dimensions produc (seamless) Manufacuring range for seamless produc o 0 o 0 D < D < D < D < D < D < 6 6 D 0. o o o 0 o 0. o ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. ± 0. D 0 0 < D < 60 Noe ) For producs ih non-sandard dimensions, sinering mold is reuired. Please conac SMC. Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D and values is 0. mm. Smalles uni for specifying values is as noed in he able. Noe ) End finish: no cuing (For µm or less, and >, cuing finish is provided.) Sandard dimensions produc (ih seams) Manufacuring range for produc ih seams o 4 o 9 0 o 9 0 o 9 o 49 0 o 7 74 o 0 o 00 o 00 (00 0 o 00 ) ( : eld seams dimensions) (00 ) o. o. o. o.. o o 74 0 ±. ± ±.0 ±.0 ± ±. ± ± 0. 4 o 7 74 o < < < < 00 Noe ) Smalles uni for specifying diameer D and values is mm, and 0. mm for values. Dimensions in brackes for -seam producs refer o maximum lengh. Noe ) Producs ih D 74 have seams in lenghise direcion. Noe ) End finish: ih cuing.

13 Sinered Meal Elemen Sandard Configuraions and Dimensions (Uni: mm) Sainless seel (SUS). Elemen ih Fiing (Sandard produc) ESK model number Connecion hread M M R/ R/4 R/ R/ Model number ESK-Z- ESK-Z7- ESK-Z- ESK-Z7- ESK-Z0- ESK-Z- ESK-Z0- ESK-Z- ESK-Z0- ESK-Z- ESK-Z04- ESK-Z Dimensions C N/ 4 N/ 4 N/ Configuraion Model number suffix (nominal filraion accuracy) definiion symbol Nominal filraion accuracy Example: Nominal filraion accuracy µm µm µm µm 0 µm µm µm 0 µm µm ESK-Z-00 Operaing emperaure: 96 o 0 C e e e e Simulaneous sinering ( ) Hex idh across flas C Crimping FGD FGE FGG FG FGC FGF FGH FQ FN E ES Hex idh across flas C e ( )

14 Sinered Meal Elemen Cleaning Mehod ccording o he clogged maerial and clogging condiion, selec an appropriae cleaning mehod from hose shon belo. combinaion of boh mehods may yield greaer resuls. Degreasing, removal of soluions and soluble maers Pass pressurized aer hrough elemen from inside. Then pass compressed air hrough elemen from inside. Repea his cycle or 4 imes. Waer pressure: 0. o 0. MPa ir pressure : 0. o 0. MPa Ulrasonic cleaning Drying Drying 6

15 Sinered Meal Elemen Specific Produc Precauions e sure o read his before handling he producs. Cauion. Srengh The elemens are made of porous maerial ih voids inside. Therefore heir ensile srengh compared o convenional sainless seel or bronze producs is loer by a facor of one or o magniudes. Depending on he applicaion condiions, reinforcing maerial may be reuired. Use punched meal or similar for reinforcemen.. Operaing emperaure The operaing emperaure range given in he specificaions (page 6) is he range in hich maerial srengh does no deeriorae significanly. In an oxidizing amosphere (amospheric air), he emperaure poin here oxidizaion and discoloring begins is 0 C for bronze elemens and 0 C for sainless seel elemens.. Faigue breakdon Faigue breakdon may occur under he folloing condiions: ) Elemen is subjec o vibraions ) Elemen is subjec o cyclic hermal expansion and conracion In such cases, use suiable counermeasures such as vibraion dampers or punched meal reinforcemens o suppor he elemen, or employ a consrucion ha absorbs hermal expansion and conracion. 4. End configuraion For informaion on end configuraions of cylinder elemens (open or ih boom), check he noes and configuraion informaion on he page for he respecive produc in his caalog. When devising applicaions, make sure ha here are no problems such as improper sealing or leaks due o he end configuraions.. Paricle separaion When cuing is performed, paricle chipping ill occur a edge secions. This is especially noiceable ih producs raed for high nominal filraion accuracy (µm) values. Paricle chipping and oher machining problems may also occur a edges of producs ha are no finished by cuing. Carefully check sealing properies before use. 6. Welded producs (Sainless seel elemens) Welded sainless seel elemens are produced by argon elding. Conseuenly, problems such as uneven heigh, disorion, arping, raised beads ec. may be presen. Discoloraion of secions exposed o hea may no be compleely removed by cleaning. 7. Cleaning The producs of sinered meal elemens in he able are cleaned before shipping, bu no o clean room sandards. efore use in a clean room, elemens mus be cleaned and flushed by he cusomer, and applicaion suiabiliy mus be verified. ronze elemen Sainless seel elemen Oxide bah cleaning Noe) Oxide bah Passivaion cleaning (Niric acid bah) Welded producs Passivaion Non-elded (Niric acid bah) finished producs Noe) Producs ih nominal filraion accuracy of o micron and or higher may exhibi discoloraion by oxide bah cleaning. Precauions on Design Cauion. Corrosion Noe ha corrosion ill occur, depending on usage and ambien condiions. Major corrosive subsances and corrosion condiions are lised belo. e sure o check his informaion. ronze elemens Caegory Corrosive subsances and corrosion condiions cid, alkali Use in soluions ih ferric or cupric ion conen or ammonium conen no possible, due o corrosion Use in niric acid, sulfur, and hydrochloric acid no possible, due o corrosion mosphere Corrosion caused by hydrogen sulfide (HS) and sulfurous acid (SO) Sea aer Producs have some resisance bu long-erm use ill cause corrosion Fresh aer Corrosion caused by presence of carbonic acid (carbonaion) Sainless seel elemens Caegory Corrosive subsances and corrosion condiions Sulfur, hydrochloric acid, ec. Corrosion may be acceleraed by densiy, emperaure, halogen (especially chlorine) ion conen, ec. Niric acid cid, Compared o sulfur, hydrochloric acid ec., resisance is beer due alkali, ec. o passiviy, bu under cerain condiions, corrosion may occur. Corrosion due o sodium hydroxide and poassium hydroxide Corrosion ill be inensified by inroducion of dissolved oxygen Sodium chloride, sodium bromide ec. Corrosion caused by CO, SO, NH ec. in he amosphere, mosphere and by emperaure and oher amospheric condiions Corrosion depending on chlorine ion conen, dissolved Sea aer oxygen conen, and organic maer Corrosion caused by halogen (especially chlorine) ion conen, deposis, ec. Fresh aer Corrosion caused by presence of carbonic acid (carbonaion) Highemperaure Corrosion is acceleraed a higher emperaures aer Seam Corrosion is acceleraed a higher emperaures 9. Discoloraion ) Elemens can be discolored by foreign maer deposis, oxidizaion by flo medium, and oher condiions. In paricular, as for he bronze elemen, a dark red CuO film is formed by he moisure included in he amosphere and he produc may be discolored hen unpacked. Hoever, his does no affec he produc characerisics. If he discoloraion of he bronze elemen is poined ou as appearance problem, Ni plaing reamen is available. For deails, conac SMC. ) porion ha may be seen as black poin may rarely occur on he elemen surface. This is caused by ra maerials included in he ra maerial poder and does no adversely affec he produc performance. FGD FGE FGG FG FGC FGF FGH FQ FN E ES 7

16 Sinered Meal Elemen Specific Produc Precauions e sure o read his before handling he producs. Cauion Cauion Precauions on Design. Nominal filraion accuracy Nominal filraion accuracy of sinered meal elemens is a classificaion raing using he paricle size of he ra maerial. (This is differen from he filraion raing ih regard o he flo medium.) For reference, paricle sizes ha can be removed ih an efficiency of 9% (in air and aer) a differen nominal filraion accuracy raings are lised belo. Nominal filraion accuracy and 9% removable paricle sizes (reference) Nominal filraion accuracy (µm) 0 0 9% removable paricle size (µm) Flo medium: ir Flo medium: Waer ronze (C) Sainless seel (SUS) ronze (C) Sainless seel (SUS) Insallaion. Insallaion of sandard elemens ih fiing When he elemen is held ih a ool direcly, his may cause damage o he elemen, resuling in breakage. ) Connecion hread M Firs ighen by hand and hen use a suiable rench on he hex sleeve of he fiing o ighen furher by abou /4 urn. Tighen he ESK-Z- by hand. Do no grip he sinered par ih pliers or oher ools. ) Connecion hread M Firs ighen by hand and hen use a suiable rench on he hex sleeve of he fiing o ighen furher by abou /6 urn. Tighen he ESK-Z- by hand. Do no grip he sinered par ih pliers or oher ools. ) Connecion hread R (pipe aper hread) Firs ighen by hand and hen use a suiable rench on he hex sleeve of he fiing o ighen furher. Operaing Environmen Cauion. Discoloraion and maerial degradaion may occur if used in a corrosive amospheric environmen. Severe corrosion ill cause he produc o lose is filering funcionaliy.. When he produc is subjec o vibraions or shock, faigue breakdon may occur. Provide suiable reinforcemen o avoid such condiions. Cauion Sorage. Keep he produc indoors and in is packing unil use. Proec he produc from aer, humidiy, and high emperaures, o avoid discoloraion and corrosion.. Do no place any objecs on op of he produc. Oherise here is a risk of deformaion or breakage. Mainenance Cauion. Pressure drop P ill change depending on operaing condiions. Pressure drop P is one of he performance parameers of he elemen. Esablish suiable managemen sandards for his parameer.. e aare of individual produc arrany condiions and exclusions. In he case of sinered meal producs, condiions such as filer performance degradaion due o clogging and discoloraion are no covered by he arrany, even during he arrany period. Connecion hread Suiable ighening orue (N m) R/ 7 o 9 R/4 o 4 R/ o 4 R/ o 0 * Tighen he ESK-Z0- by hand. Do no grip he sinered par ih pliers or oher ools.

DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

CHAPTER Srcral Seel Design LRFD Mehod DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS Third Ediion A. J. Clark School of Engineering Deparmen of Civil and Environmenal Engineering Par II Srcral Seel Design and Analysis 4 FALL