Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459) US Erosion Control Products US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket over Loam

Transcription

1 Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459) of US Erosion Control Products US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket over Loam June 2012 Submitted to: AASHTO/NTPEP 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, D.C Attn: Evan Rothblatt, NTPEP erothblatt@aashto.org Submitted by: TRI/Environmental, Inc Bee Caves Road Austin, TX C. Joel Sprague Project Manager

2 June 30, 2012 Mr. Evan Rothblatt AASHTO/NTPEP 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, D.C Subject: Large-scale Slope Testing over Loam of US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, manufactured in Willacoochee, GA Dear Mr. Rothblatt: This letter report presents the results for large-scale slope erosion tests performed on US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, rolled erosion control product (RECP), over loam. Included are data developed for target rainfall intensities from 2 to 6 in/hr (5 to 15 cm/hr). All testing work was performed in general accordance with the ASTM D 6459, Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hillslopes from Rainfall-Induced Erosion. Generated results were used to develop the following general cover factor (C-Factor) for the tested material: C-Factor US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket & 1.2 staples/sy = for cumulative R-Factor < 231; Eqn: C = R R R TRI is pleased to present this final report. Please feel free to call if we can answer any questions or provide any additional information. Sincerely, C. Joel Sprague, P.E. Senior Engineer Geosynthetics Services Division Cc: Sam Allen, Jarrett Nelson - TRI

3 US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, SLOPE TESTING REPORT US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, over Loam TESTING EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES Overview of Test and Apparatus TRI/Environmental, Inc.'s (TRI's) large-scale slope erosion testing facility is located at the Denver Downs Research Farm in Anderson, SC. Testing oversight is provided by C. Joel Sprague, P.E. The large-scale testing reported herein was performed in accordance with ASTM D 6459, on 3:1 slopes using loamy soil test plots measuring 40 ft long 8 ft wide. The simulated rainfall was produced by ten rain trees arranged around the perimeter of each test slope. Each rain tree has four sprinkler heads atop a 15 ft riser pipe. The rainfall system has been calibrated prior to testing to determine the number of sprinkler heads and associated pressure settings necessary to achieve target rainfall intensities and drop sizes. The target rainfall intensities are 2, 4, and 6 in/hr and are applied in sequence for 20 minutes each. Three replicate test slopes covered by the same rolled erosion control product (RECP) submitted were tested. The erosion resistance provided by the product tested is obtained by comparing the protected slope results to control (bare soil) results. Tables and graphs of rainfall versus soil loss are generated from the accumulated data. Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) The following information and inde properties were determined from the supplied products. Table 1. Tested Product Information & Inde Properties Product Information and Inde Property / Test Units Sampled Product Product Identification - US-2S Manufacturer - US Erosion Control Products Manufacturing Plant Location - Willacoochee, GA Lot numbers of samples - # , # , # Fiber - Wheat Straw Netting Openings in (appro) Stitching Spacing in 1.5 (appro) Tensile Strength MD XD (ASTM D 6818)* lb/in Tensile Elongation MD XD (ASTM D 6818)* % Thickness (ASTM D 6525)* mils 410 Light Penetration (ASTM D 6567)* % cover 90.8 Water Absorption (ASTM D 1117 & ECTC-TASC 00197)* % Wt Change 438 Mass / Unit Area (ASTM D 6475)* oz/sy 8.38 * Values from Independent Testing of Randomly Sampled Product

4 Test Soil US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, The test soil used in the test plots had the following characteristics. Table 2. TRI-Loam Characteristics Soil Characteristic Test Method Value % Gravel 0 % Sand 45 ASTM D 422 % Silt 35 % Clay 20 Liquid Limit, % 41 ASTM D 4318 Plasticity Inde, % 8 Soil Classification USDA Loam Soil Classification USCS Sandy silty clay (ML-CL) Preparation of the Test Slopes The test slopes undergo a standard preparation procedure prior to each slope test. First, any rills or depressions resulting from previous testing are filled in with test soil and subject to heavy compaction. The entire test plot is then tilled to a depth not less than four inches. The test slope is then raked to create a slope that is smooth both side-to-side and top-to-bottom. Finally, a steel drum roller is rolled down-and-up the slope 3 times proceeding from one side of the plot to the other. The submitted erosion control product is then installed as directed by the client. Installation of Erosion Control Product on Test Slopes As noted, the submitted erosion control product was installed as directed by the client. For the tests reported herein, the RECP was anchored with 6-inch staples at 1.2 staples per square yard. Specific Test Procedure Immediately prior to testing, rain gauges are placed at the quarter points (i.e. 10, 20, 30 ft) on the slope. The slope is then eposed to sequential 20-minute rainfalls having target intensities of 2, 4, and 6 inches per hour. All runoff is collected during the testing. Additionally, periodic sediment concentration grab samples are taken and runoff rate measurements are made. Between rainfall intensities, the rainfall is stopped and rainfall depth is read in the three rain gauges, valves are adjusted to facilitate the subsequent rainfall intensity, and empty collection vessels are positioned to collect subsequent runoff. After allowing for sediments to settle, water is decanted from the collected runoff. The remaining solids are used to determine bulk soil loss. Bulk soil loss is measured by drying all collected sediments.

5 US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, Figure 2. Typical Sampling Figure 1. Rainfall Testing Facility (set up for a control run) Figure 3. Typical Control Result Pictures of slopes prepared for testing are shown in Figure 4. Figure 4. Typical Prepared Soil Slope & RECP Installation Pictures of the eroded slopes are shown in Figures 5 thru 7.

6 US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, Figure 5a. Test Slope #1 Start of the 2 in/hr Event Figure 5b. Test Slope #1 End of the 4 in/hr Event Figure 5c. Test Slope #1 End of 6 in/hr Even Figure 5d. Test Slope #1 RECP Removed (typical) Figure 6a. Test Slope #2 Start of the 2 in/hr Event Figure 6b. Test Slope #2 End of the 4 in/hr Event

7 US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, Figure 6c. Test Slope #2 End of 6 in/hr Event Figure 6d. Test Slope #2 RECP Removed (typical) Figure 7a. Test Slope #3 Start of 2 in/hr Event Figure 7b. Test Slope #3 End of the 4 in/hr Event Figure 7c. Test Slope #3 End of 6 in/hr Event Figure 7d. Test Slope #3 RECP Removed (typical)

8 TEST RESULTS US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, The Cover Management (C) Factor from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) of the USDA-ARS Agricultural handbook 703 is the reported performance measure for slopes determined from this testing. The C-Factor and R-Factor reported herein are related through RUSLE by the following relationship: A = R K LS C P where: A = the computed soil loss in tons per acre (measured/calculated from test); R = the rainfall erosion inde (measured/calculated from test); K = the erodibility of the soil (calculated from test see Figure 9); LS = the topographic factor (2.78 for 8 40 ft slope); C = the cover factor = ratio of protect soil loss to control soil loss (1.0 for control); and P = the practice factor (1.0 for all test slopes). Total soil loss and the associated rainfall depth measured during the testing are the principle data used to determine the C Factor. The cumulative C-Factors shown in Table 3 are the ratio of the soil loss from the protected condition at a calculated cumulative R-Factor divided by the cumulative soil loss from the control plot (Figure 9) at that same R-Factor. In all cases, the soil loss and associated rainfall data for both protected and control conditions are used to develop a normalized cumulative graph of R-Factor versus C-Factor (R factor = total kinetic energy of the storm (E) times its maimum 30-minute Intensity (I)). The maimum average normalized cumulative R-Factor calculated for the target test events: 2 in/hr for 20 minutes + 4 in/hr for 20 minutes + 6 in/hr for 20 minutes, is R = 231. The C-Factor associated with this normalized maimum average result is the reported performance value. This facilitates product-to-product comparison of test results at a common point of the storm event. Graphs of R-Factor versus C-Factor for the protected condition and Soil Loss versus R-Factor for the control condition are shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively. Figure 8 includes the best regression line fit to the test data to facilitate the determination of the C-factor. Figure 8 additionally allows users of this report to evaluate performance at other points in the model storm by selecting the R factor (and the corresponding C Factor) that may fit local conditions. According to the test procedure ASTM D6459, a test may be stopped in the event of catastrophic soil loss, as determined by the lab. AASHTO NTPEP ECP Panel has determined this practice places an undue amount of subjectivity into the test. In lieu of stopping the test, the test is run to completion. The runoff and sediment loss just prior to catastrophic failure is separated from that occurring after. This additional point is used in the creating of the Soil Loss verses R Factor Graph. The tests reported herein did not eperience catastrophic slope failure. Linear (R 2 =0.96), power (R 2 = 0.89), and polynomial (R 2 = 0.99) fits were evaluated. The overall C-Factor information shown in Table 4 is derived from Figure 8 which relates the C- Factors and associated R-Factors given in Table 3.

9 C-Factor US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, Table 3. Summary Data Table Protected Slopes Slope # & Product 1 US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket 2 US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket 3 US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket Test # (run # - target intensity) Intensity (in/hr) Runoff (gallons) Cumm. R-Factor Cumm. Soil Soil Loss Loss (lbs/plot/event) (Tons/Acre) Control Soil Loss at Cumm. R-Factor (Tons/Acre) Cumm. C-Factor Table 4. Overall C-Factor Product C-Factor Calculation US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket & 1.2 staples/sy C = R R R C-Factor vs. R-Factor 1.2 staples/sy on TRI-Loam; 3:1 Slope) C = R R R C R=231 = in/hr: R = y = R² = R-Factor Figure 8. R-Factor vs. C-Factor Tested Product

10 Soil Loss (T/A) US-2S, Double Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, From RUSLE: A = R K LS C P For Control: LS = 2.78; P = 1.0; C = 1.0 K = (A/R) / 2.78 = m / 2.78 K = / 2.78 = Soil Loss vs RUSLE R (Control Testing of TRI-Loam; 3:1 Slope) y = R² = RUSLE R (US Customary Units) The cummulative R- Factor calculated for the following events: 2 in/hr for 20 min + 4 in/hr for 20 min + 6 in/hr for 20 min, is R = 231 and the associated soil loss is 54.2 tons/acre Figure 9. R-Factor vs. Soil Loss Control Tests Slope 1-10/29/09 Slope 2-8/17/09 Slope 3-10/29/09 Slope 1-4/16/10 Slope 2-4/16/10 Slope 3-4/8/10 Slope 1-4/21/10 Slope 2-4/23/10 Slope 3-4/23/10 Slope 1-8/6/10 Slope 2-8/6/10 Slope 3-8/6/10 Slope 1-11/3/10 Slope 2-11/3/10 Slope 3-11/3/10 Slope 3-3/22/11 Slope 1-6/16/11 Slope 2-6/16/11 Slope 3-6/16/11 Slope 1-12/15/11 Slope 2-12/15/11 Slope 3-12/16/11 Slope 1-1/25/12 Slope 2-1/25/12 Slope 3-1/25/12 Slope 1-4/30/12 Slope 2-4/30/12 Slope 3-4/30/12 all slopes Linear (all slopes)

11 US-2S, Double Net StrawBlanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, 2012 Appendi APPENDIX A RECORDED DATA Test Record Sheets Sediment Concentration Data Runoff Data Soil Moisture Content Soil Loss Tables

12 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #1 Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 11-Jun-12 Start Rain: 11:10 AM End Rain: 11:30 AM 1 11:13 X Sampling interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 11:30 AM 2 11:16 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :19 X Product: US-2S Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 11:22 X Roll#: Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.2 / sy 5 11:25 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 11:28 X w c1 = 19.5% (circle "" for open valves) 7 Set system pressure to 16 d = 17 mm X psi. 8 i = 2.01 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 A B P = 9 psi X X P = 9 psi C D P = 9 psi X X P = 9 psi E F P = 9 psi X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 P = 9 psi G # Time gal, sec X H P = 9 psi 2 X 3 P = 9 psi I 4 X 5 X J P = 9 psi 6 X 7 X 8 d = 19 mm 9 i = in/hr Temp. 82 deg 10 w c3 = 18.1% Hum. 87 % 11 d = 17 in 10 i = 2.01 in/hr Average Depth: 0.70 in. 13 w c2 = 17.3% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.09 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Appro 1 gal collected

13 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #1 Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 11-Jun-12 Start Rain: Sampling 11:36 AM End Rain: 11:56 AM 1 11:38 X interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 11:59 AM 2 11:40 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :42 X Product: US-2S Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 11:44 X Roll#: Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.2 / sy 5 11:46 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 11:48 X w c1 = 19.5% (circle "" for open valves) Set system pressure to :50 X d = 33 mm X X psi. 8 11:52 X i = 3.90 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 11:54 X A 10 11:56 X X 11 B P = 9 psi X 10 X 13 X P = 9 psi C 14 X 15 D P = 9 psi X 10 X 13 X P = 9 psi E 14 X 15 F P = 9 psi X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 P = 9 psi G # Time gal, sec X X H P = 9 psi X X P = 9 psi I X X X J P = 9 psi X X X d = 35 mm i = 4.13 in/hr Temp. 85 deg w c3 = 18.1% Hum. 88 % 11 d = 35 mm 10 i = 4.13 in/hr Average Depth: 1.35 in. 13 w c2 = 17.3% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.06 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Appro 120 gal collected

14 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #1 Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 11-Jun-12 Start Rain: 12:03 PM End Rain: 12:23 PM 1 12:05 X Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 12:28 PM 2 12:07 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :09 X Product: Roll#: US-2S Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 12:11 X Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.2 / sy 5 12:13 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 12:15 X w c1 = 19.5% (circle "" for open valves) Set system pressure to :17 X d = 51 mm X X X psi. 8 12:19 X i = 6.02 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 12:21 X A 10 12:23 X X 11 B P = 9 psi X 10 X X 13 X P = 9 psi C 14 X X 15 D P = 9 psi X 10 X X 13 X P = 9 psi E 14 X X 15 F P = 9 psi X X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 X P = 9 psi G # Time Gallon, sec X X H P = 9 psi X X X X P = 9 psi I X X X X J P = 9 psi X X X d = 52 mm i = 6.14 in/hr Temp. 79 deg w c3 = 18.1% Hum. 88 % 11 d = 52 mm 10 i = 6.14 in/hr Average Depth: 2.03 in. 13 w c2 = 17.3% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 6.10 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Appro 225 gal collected

15 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #2 Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 11-Jun-12 Start Rain: 12:30 PM End Rain: 12:50 PM 1 12:33 X Sampling interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 12:52 PM 2 12:36 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :39 X Product: Roll#: US-2S Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 12:42 X Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.2 / sy 5 12:45 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 12:48 X w c1 = 19.7% (circle "" for open valves) 7 Set system pressure to 16 d = 17 mm X psi. 8 i = 2.01 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 A X P = 9 psi B C P = 9 psi X X P = 9 psi D E P = 9 psi X X P = 9 psi F Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 G P = 9 psi # Time Gallon, sec X P = 9 psi H X I P = 9 psi 4 X 5 P = 9 psi J X 6 X 7 X 8 d = 20 mm 9 i = 2.36 in/hr Temp. 81 deg 10 w c2 = 17.3% Hum. 89 % 11 d = 17 mm 10 i = 2.01 in/hr Average Depth: 0.71 in. 13 w c3 = 20.6% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.13 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze from the. Appro 4 gal collected

16 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #2 Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 11-Jun-12 Start Rain: 12:55 PM End Rain: 1:15 PM 1 12:57 X Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 1:19 PM 2 12:59 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :01 X Product: Roll#: US-2S Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 13:03 X Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.2 / sy 5 13:05 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 13:07 X w c1 = 19.7% X X Set system pressure to :09 X d = 38 mm P = 9 psi psi. 8 13:11 X i = 4.49 in/hr A 9 13:13 X X 10 13:15 X X P = 9 psi B 11 X 10 C P = 9 psi X 13 X 14 X P = 9 psi D 15 X 10 E P = 9 psi X X P = 9 psi F 15 X G P = 9 psi X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 X # Time Gallon, sec P = 9 psi H X X I P = 9 psi X X X P = 9 psi J X X X d = 36 mm i = 4.25 in/hr w c2 = 17.3% Temp. 81 deg d = 30 mm Hum. 89 % 11 i = 3.54 in/hr 10 w c3 = 20.6% Average Depth: 1.36 in. 13 Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.09 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Appro. 138 gal collected

17 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #2 Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 11-Jun-12 Start Rain: Sampling 1:19 PM End Rain: 1:39 PM 1 13:21 X interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 1:42 PM 2 13:23 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :25 X Product: Roll#: US-2S Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 13:27 X Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.2 / sy 5 13:29 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 13:31 X w c1 = 19.7% (circle "" for open valves) Set system pressure to :33 X d = 52 mm X X X psi. 8 13:35 X i = 6.14 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 13:37 X A 10 13:39 X X 11 X P = 9 psi B 10 X X 13 C P = 9 psi X 14 X X 15 X P = 9 psi D 10 X X 13 E P = 9 psi X 14 X X 15 X P = 9 psi F X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 G P = 9 psi X # Time Gallon, sec X X P = 9 psi H X X X X I P = 9 psi X X X X P = 9 psi J X X X d = 51 mm i = 6.02 in/hr Temp. 81 deg w c2 = 17.3% Hum. 87 % 11 d = 50 mm 10 i = 5.91 in/hr Average Depth: 2.01 in. 13 w c3 = 20.6% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 6.02 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Appro 215 gal collected

18 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #3 Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time X Date: 11-Jun-12 Start Rain: 1:48 PM End Rain: 2:08 PM 1 13:51 X Sampling interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 2:09 PM 2 13:54 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :57 X Product: Roll#: US-2S Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 14:00 X Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.2 / sy 5 14:03 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 14:06 X w c1 = 19.5% (circle "" for open valves) 7 Set system pressure to 16 d = mm X psi. 8 i = 2.01 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 A B P = 9 psi X X P = 9 psi C D P = 9 psi X X P = 9 psi E F P = 9 psi X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 P = 9 psi G # Time Gallon, sec X H P = 9 psi X 3 P = 9 psi I 4 X 5 X J P = 9 psi 6 X 7 X 8 d = mm 9 i = 2.01 in/hr * Temp. 83 deg 10 w c3 = 19.1% Hum. 84 % 11 d = mm 10 i = 2.24 in/hr Average Depth: 0.70 in. 13 w c2 = 21.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.09 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze from the. Appro 2 gal collected. 15

19 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #3 Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 11-Jun-12 Start Rain: Sampling 2:13 PM End Rain: 2:33 PM 1 14:15 X interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 2:36 PM 2 14:17 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :19 X Product: Roll#: US-2S Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 14:21 X Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.2 / sy 5 14:23 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 14:25 X w c1 = 19.5% (circle "" for open valves) Set system pressure to :27 X d = 31 mm X X psi. 8 14:29 X i = 3.66 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 14:31 X A 10 14:33 X X 11 B P = 9 psi X 10 X 13 X P = 9 psi C 14 X 15 D P = 9 psi X 10 X 13 X P = 9 psi E 14 X 15 F P = 9 psi X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 P = 9 psi G # Time Gallon, sec X X H P = 9 psi X X P = 9 psi I X X X J P = 9 psi X X X d = 33 mm i = 3.90 in/hr Temp. 84 deg w c3 = 19.1% Hum. 85 % 11 d = 39 mm 10 i = 4.61 in/hr Average Depth: 1.35 in. 13 w c2 = 21.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.06 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Appro 130 gal collected. 15

20 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #3 Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 11-Jun-12 Start Rain: Sampling 2:41 PM End Rain: 3:01 PM 1 14:43 interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 3:05 PM 2 14:45 Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :47 Product: Roll#: US-2S Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 14:49 Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.2 / sy 5 14:51 TOP OF SLOPE 6 14:53 w c1 = 19.5% (circle "" for open valves) Set system pressure to :55 d = 51 mm X X X psi. 8 14:57 i = 6.02 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 14:59 A 10 15:01 X 11 B P = 9 psi X 10 X X 13 X P = 9 psi C 14 X X 15 D P = 9 psi X 10 X X 13 X P = 9 psi E 14 X X 15 F P = 9 psi X X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 X P = 9 psi G # Time Gallon, sec X X H P = 9 psi X X X X P = 9 psi I X X X X J P = 9 psi X X X d = 53 mm i = 6.26 in/hr Temp. 84 deg w c3 = 19.1% Hum. 87 % 11 d = 52 mm 10 i = 6.14 in/hr Average Depth: 2.05 in. 13 w c2 = 21.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 6.14 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Appro 250 gal collected

21 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Total Weight, g Decanted Weight, g Dry Weight, g Slope #1 - Sediment Concentration Bottle Weight, g Dry Sediment Weight, mg Total Collected Water Wt., g Total Collected Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Sampling Time Time to Collect 1 gal Associated Runoff, gal Associated Sediment Conc, mg/l Associated Solids Loss, lbs 2.09 in/hr avg 11-Jun AVG = in/hr avg 0.00 Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = Total Solids Lost: 12.41

22 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Total Weight, g Decanted Weight, g Dry Weight, g Slope #2 - Sediment Concentration Bottle Weight, g Dry Sediment Weight, mg Total Collected Water Wt., g Total Collected Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Sampling Time Time to Collect 1 gal Associated Runoff, gal Associated Sediment Conc, mg/l Associated Solids Loss, lbs 2.13 in/hr avg 11-Jun AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = Total Solids Lost: 13.66

23 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Total Weight, g Decanted Weight, g Dry Weight, g Slope #3 - Sediment Concentration Bottle Weight, g Dry Sediment Weight, mg Total Collected Water Wt., g Total Collected Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Sampling Time Time to Collect 1 gal Associated Runoff, gal Associated Sediment Conc, mg/l Associated Solids Loss, lbs 2.09 in/hr avg 11-Jun AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = Total Solids Lost: 13.59

24 11-Jun-12 Slope #1 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associated Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (appro) 4.06 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (appro) 6.10 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (appro)

25 11-Jun-12 Slope #2 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associate d Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (appro) 4.09 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (appro) 6.02 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (appro)

26 11-Jun-12 Slope #3 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associated Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (appro) 4.06 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (appro) 6.14 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (appro)

27 WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION Run #: Slope No. SLOPE #1 SLOPE #2 SLOPE #3 Test Date: 11-Jun Jun Jun-12 Avg Moisture Content: 18.28% 19.22% 19.92% Location T-1 T-2 T-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 19.5% 19.7% 19.5% Location M-1 M-2 M-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 18.1% 17.3% 19.1% Location B-1 B-2 B-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 17.3% 20.6% 21.2%

28 SLOPE #1 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Decanted Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Collected Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb 0.12 Runoff, Wt. Of pan, lb 0.1 lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Decanted Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Collected Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb 0.6 Runoff, Wt. Of pan, lb 0.1 lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Decanted Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Collected Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb 13.1 Runoff, Wt. Of pan, lb 0.5 lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Add'l Soil Collected after Major Slumping Not Applicable

29 SLOPE #2 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Decanted Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Collected Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb 0.13 Runoff, Wt. Of pan, lb 0.1 lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Decanted Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Collected Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb 0.95 Runoff, Wt. Of pan, lb 0.1 lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Decanted Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Collected Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb 13.9 Runoff, Wt. Of pan, lb 0.5 lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Add'l Soil Collected after Major Slumping Collected Sediments, gal Not Applicable

30 SLOPE #3 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Decanted Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Collected Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb 0.15 Runoff, Wt. Of pan, lb 0.1 lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Decanted Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Collected Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb 0.88 Runoff, Wt. Of pan, lb 0.1 lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Decanted Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Collected Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb 13.7 Runoff, Wt. Of pan, lb 0.5 lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Add'l Soil Collected after Major Slumping Not Applicable

31 US-2S, Double Net StrawBlanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, 2012 Appendi APPENDIX B TEST SOIL Test Soil Grain Size Distribution Curve Compaction Curves Field Compaction Verification

32 Percent Finer December Plasticity (ASTM D 4318) Liquid Limit: 30 Plastic Limit: 22 Plastic Inde: 8 Soil classifies as a silty sand (SM) in accordance with ASTM D 2487 DDRF ASTM D 6459 Blended Test Soil ASTM D 6459 Target Loam Range Particle Size (mm) Corporate Laboratory: 9063 Bee Caves Road, Austin, TX / TEST / / sallen@tri-env.com Denver Downs Research Facility: 4915 Clemson Blvd., Anderson, SC / / jsprague@tri-env.com

33 Proctor Compaction Test 120 Project: TRI-DDRF 115 Sample No.: DDRF Test Soil - January 2010 TRI Log No.: E Dry Density (pcf) Test Method: ASTM D Method A Maimum Dry Density (pcf): 98.7 Optimum Moisture Content (%): Moisture Content (%) Cheng-Wei Chen, 02/03/10 Quality Review/Date Tested by: Tamika Walker The testing herein is based upon accepted industry practice as well as the test method listed. Test results reported herein do not apply to samples other than those tested. TRI neither accepts responsibility for nor makes claim as to the final use and purpose of the material. TRI observes and maintains client confidentiality. TRI limits reproduction of this report, ecept in full, without prior approval of TRI Bee Caves Road Austin, TX (512) (512) TEST

34 Compaction Worksheet ASTM D 1556 Calibration Date: 8/16/2009 Sand Used: Pool Filter Sand Volume Measure: Liquid Volume, V m (cm 3 ): 425 Wt. of Sand to Fill Known Volume: Total Wt (g) Pan Wt (g) Net Wt (g) Trial #1 (g) Trial #2 (g) Trial #3 (g) W a (g) Density of Sand, ɣ sand (g/cm 3 ) = W a / V m = 1.53 Wt. of Sand to Fill Cone: Total Wt (g) Cone Wt (g) Net Wt (g) Trial #1 (g) Trial #2 (g) Trial #3 (g) Wt. of Sand in Cone (g): Field Data Date: 11/4/2009 Soil Data: Wt. of Wet Soil + Pan (g) Wt. of Dry Soil + Pan (g) Wt. of Pan (g) 14.5 Wt. of Wet Soil, W' (g) Wt. of Dry Soil (g) Wt. of Water (g) Water Content, w (%) Volume Data: Sand Used: Pool Filter Sand Unit Wt. of Sand, ɣ sand (g/cm 3 ) = 1.53 Wt. of Jug & Cone Before (g) = Wt. of Jug & Cone After (g) = Wt. of Sand Used (g) = Wt. of Sand in Cone (g) = Wt. of Sand in Hole, W (g) = Volume of hole, V h (cm 3 ) = W / ɣ sand = Density Calculation: Wet density, ɣ wet = W' / V h (kn/m 3 ) = 1.83 Wet density, ɣ wet = W' / V h (lb/ft 3 ) = Dry density, ɣ dry = ɣ wet / [1 + w] (kn/m 3 ) = 1.54 Wet density, ɣ wet = W' / V h (lb/ft 3 ) = Ma Std. Proctor Dry density (kn/m 3 ) = Opt. Moisture via Std. Proctor density (%) = Compaction as % of Std. Proctor = 92.3%

35 US-2S, Double Net StrawBlanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, 2012 Appendi APPENDIX C RAINFALL DATA Raindrop Size Distribution Rainfall Calibration

36 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1 - Target 2 in/hr Date: 5-Aug-11 Start Time: 8:10 AM End Time: 8:25 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X P = 9 psi A d = 12 mm 1 2 d = 12 mm X P = 9 psi i = 1.89 in/hr B i = 1.89 in/hr d = 14 mm 3 4 d = 13 mm i = 2.20 in/hr C i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 14 mm 5 6 d = 14 mm X P = 9 psi i = 2.20 in/hr D i = 2.20 in/hr d = 14 mm 7 8 d = 15 mm i = 2.20 in/hr E i = 2.36 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 15 mm 9 10 d = 14 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.36 in/hr F i = 2.20 in/hr d = 14 mm d = 14 mm i = 2.20 in/hr G i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 13 mm d = 14 mm X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr H i = 2.20 in/hr X d = 12 mm d = 13 mm i = 1.89 in/hr I i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 11 mm d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 1.73 in/hr J i = 2.05 in/hr X d = 11 mm d = 11 mm i = 1.73 in/hr i = 1.73 in/hr Bottom Catch: 74 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 2.07 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 92

37 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1 - Target 4 in/hr Date: 4-Aug-11 Start Time: 4:30 AM End Time: 4:45 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X P = 9 psi A X d = 24 mm 1 2 d = 24 mm X P = 9 psi i = 3.78 in/hr B i = 3.78 in/hr d = 25 mm 3 4 d = 25 mm X i = 3.94 in/hr C i = 3.94 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 26 mm 5 6 d = 24 mm X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr D i = 3.78 in/hr d = 25 mm 7 8 d = 26 mm X i = 3.94 in/hr E i = 4.09 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 27 mm 9 10 d = 27 mm P = 9 psi i = 4.25 in/hr F i = 4.25 in/hr X d = 25 mm d = 28 mm X i = 3.94 in/hr G i = 4.41 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 25 mm d = 26 mm X P = 9 psi i = 3.94 in/hr H i = 4.09 in/hr X X d = 24 mm d = 27 mm X i = 3.78 in/hr I i = 4.25 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 26 mm d = 25 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr J i = 3.94 in/hr X X d = 24 mm d = 24 mm X i = 3.78 in/hr i = 3.78 in/hr Bottom Catch: 232 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 3.99 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 96

38 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1 - Target 6 in/hr Date: 4-Aug-11 Start Time: 4:10 PM End Time: 4:25 PM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X P = 9 psi A X d = 36 mm 1 2 d = 38 mm X P = 9 psi i = 5.67 in/hr B i = 5.98 in/hr X d = 38 mm 3 4 d = 37 mm X i = 5.98 in/hr C i = 5.83 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 40 mm 5 6 d = 37 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 6.30 in/hr D i = 5.83 in/hr X d = 43 mm 7 8 d = 39 mm X i = 6.77 in/hr E i = 6.14 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 42 mm 9 10 d = 41 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 6.61 in/hr F i = 6.46 in/hr X d = 41 mm d = 38 mm i = 6.46 in/hr G i = 5.98 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 37 mm d = 40 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.83 in/hr H i = 6.30 in/hr X X d = 38 mm d = 39 mm X X i = 5.98 in/hr I i = 6.14 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 36 mm d = 38 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.67 in/hr J i = 5.98 in/hr X X d = 34 mm d = 37 mm X i = 5.35 in/hr i = 5.83 in/hr Bottom Catch: 232 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 6.06 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 95

39 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 2 - Target 2 in/hr Date: 4-Aug-11 Start Time: 2:05 PM End Time: 2:20 PM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X P = 9 psi A d = 11 mm 1 2 d = 11 mm i = 1.73 in/hr B i = 1.73 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 11 mm 3 4 d = 13 mm X P = 9 psi i = 1.73 in/hr C i = 2.05 in/hr d = 13 mm 5 6 d = 13 mm i = 2.05 in/hr D i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 14 mm 7 8 d = 14 mm X P = 9 psi i = 2.20 in/hr E i = 2.20 in/hr d = 15 mm 9 10 d = 15 mm i = 2.36 in/hr F i = 2.36 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 15 mm d = 15 mm X P = 9 psi i = 2.36 in/hr G i = 2.36 in/hr X d = 15 mm d = 14 mm i = 2.36 in/hr H i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 13 mm d = 13 mm X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr I i = 2.05 in/hr X d = 13 mm d = 12 mm X i = 2.05 in/hr J i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 12 mm d = 11 mm X i = 1.89 in/hr i = 1.73 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 77 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 2.07 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 91

40 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 2 - Target 4 in/hr Date: 4-Aug-11 Start Time: 1:40 PM End Time: 1:55 PM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X P = 9 psi A d = 21 mm 1 2 d = 23 mm X i = 3.31 in/hr B i = 3.62 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 24 mm 3 4 d = 25 mm X P = 9 psi i = 3.78 in/hr C i = 3.94 in/hr d = 26 mm 5 6 d = 27 mm X i = 4.09 in/hr D i = 4.25 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 25 mm 7 8 d = 26 mm X P = 9 psi i = 3.94 in/hr E i = 4.09 in/hr d = 27 mm 9 10 d = 27 mm i = 4.25 in/hr F i = 4.25 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 26 mm d = 28 mm X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr G i = 4.41 in/hr X X d = 27 mm d = 28 mm X i = 4.25 in/hr H i = 4.41 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 26 mm d = 27 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr I i = 4.25 in/hr X X d = 25 mm d = 25 mm X i = 3.94 in/hr J i = 3.94 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 24 mm d = 24 mm X i = 3.78 in/hr i = 3.78 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 153 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 4.02 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 95

41 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 2 - Target 6 in/hr Date: 4-Aug-11 Start Time: 12:30 PM End Time: 12:45 PM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X P = 9 psi A d = 34 mm d = 35 mm X 1 2 i = 5.35 in/hr B i = 5.51 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 34 mm d = 37 mm X 3 4 X P = 9 psi i = 5.35 in/hr C i = 5.83 in/hr X d = 37 mm d = 40 mm X 5 6 i = 5.83 in/hr D i = 6.30 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 38 mm d = 41 mm X 7 8 X P = 9 psi i = 5.98 in/hr E i = 6.46 in/hr X d = 38 mm d = 41 mm 9 10 i = 5.98 in/hr F i = 6.46 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 41 mm d = 40 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 6.46 in/hr G i = 6.30 in/hr X X d = 41 mm d = 40 mm X i = 6.46 in/hr H i = 6.30 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 40 mm d = 39 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 6.30 in/hr I i = 6.14 in/hr X X d = 38 mm d = 37 mm X X i = 5.98 in/hr J i = 5.83 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 37 mm d = 34 mm X i = 5.83 in/hr i = 5.35 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 232 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: 38.1 mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 6.00 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 95

42 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 3 - Target 2 in/hr Date: 4-Aug-11 Start Time: 9:45 AM End Time: 10:00 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X P = 9 psi A d = 10 mm 1 2 d = 11 mm X i = 1.57 in/hr B i = 1.73 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 12 mm 3 4 d = 11 mm X P = 9 psi i = 1.89 in/hr C i = 1.73 in/hr d = 13 mm 5 6 d = 12 mm i = 2.05 in/hr D i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 14 mm 7 8 d = 12 mm X P = 9 psi i = 2.20 in/hr E i = 1.89 in/hr d = 15 mm 9 10 d = 14 mm i = 2.36 in/hr F i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 16 mm d = 15 mm X P = 9 psi i = 2.52 in/hr G i = 2.36 in/hr X d = 15 mm d = 13 mm i = 2.36 in/hr H i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 13 mm d = 13 mm X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr I i = 2.05 in/hr X d = 13 mm d = 13 mm X i = 2.05 in/hr J i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 11 mm d = 11 mm X i = 1.73 in/hr i = 1.73 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 78 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 2.02 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 90

43 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 3 - Target 4 in/hr Date: 4-Aug-11 Start Time: 9:12 AM End Time: 9:27 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X P = 9 psi A d = 23 mm 1 2 d = 24 mm X i = 3.62 in/hr B i = 3.78 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 22 mm 3 4 d = 26 mm X P = 9 psi i = 3.46 in/hr C i = 4.09 in/hr d = 24 mm 5 6 d = 27 mm X i = 3.78 in/hr D i = 4.25 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 28 mm 7 8 d = 26 mm X P = 9 psi i = 4.41 in/hr E i = 4.09 in/hr d = 28 mm 9 10 d = 28 mm i = 4.41 in/hr F i = 4.41 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 27 mm d = 27 mm X P = 9 psi i = 4.25 in/hr G i = 4.25 in/hr X X d = 27 mm d = 25 mm X i = 4.25 in/hr H i = 3.94 in/hr P = 9 psi d = 26 mm d = 25 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr I i = 3.94 in/hr X X d = 24 mm d = 24 mm X i = 3.78 in/hr J i = 3.78 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 23 mm d = 24 mm X i = 3.62 in/hr i = 3.78 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 160 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: 25.4 mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 4.00 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 94

44 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 3 - Target 6 in/hr Date: 4-Aug-11 Start Time: 8:34 AM End Time: 8:49 AM Test Time: min. (circle "" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X P = 9 psi A d = 33 mm 1 2 d = 36 mm X i = 5.20 in/hr B i = 5.67 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 37 mm 3 4 d = 38 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.83 in/hr C i = 5.98 in/hr X d = 37 mm 5 6 d = 40 mm X i = 5.83 in/hr D i = 6.30 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 39 mm 7 8 d = 39 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 6.14 in/hr E i = 6.14 in/hr X d = 41 mm 9 10 d = 40 mm i = 6.46 in/hr F i = 6.30 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 40 mm d = 40 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 6.30 in/hr G i = 6.30 in/hr X X d = 40 mm d = 41 mm X i = 6.30 in/hr H i = 6.46 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 41 mm d = 38 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 6.46 in/hr I i = 5.98 in/hr X X d = 38 mm d = 36 mm X X i = 5.98 in/hr J i = 5.67 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 37 mm d = 35 mm X i = 5.83 in/hr i = 5.51 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 239 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: 38.3 mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 6.03 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 95

45 % of Raindrops by Mass Raindrop Size Distribution August mm mm mm mm mm Rainfall Intensity, in/hr Target raindrop size and distribution (no more than 10 % greater than 6 mm (0.24 in.) and no more than 10 % smaller than 1 mm (0.04 in.)).

46 APPENDIX D ANCHORAGE PATTERN US-2S, Double Net StrawBlanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, 2012 Appendi

47 5 ft 4 ft 1.2 staples/sy