Facts themselves are meaningless. It's only the interpretation we give those facts which counts. - Earl Stanley Gardner

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 General data Facts themselves are meaningless. It's only the interpretation we give those facts which counts. - Earl Stanley Gardner International system of units (SI) 2 Fundamental physical constants (SI) 3 Fundamental physical constants (c.g.s.) 14 Sun-Earth system constants 15 Cosmological data 16 Unit conversions 17 Conversion tables 18 Energy unit conversion 23 Conversion factors for natural units 23 Flux density conversion 24 Numerical constants 25 Mathematical formulae 26 Elementary particles (short list) 27 Elementary particles 28 Energy conversions 29 Prefixes and symbols 30 Periodic table of the elements 31 Greek alphabet 33 Bibliography 33

2 2 General data International system of units (SI) Physical quantity Name of unit Symbol length mass time electric current thermodynamic temperature amount of substance luminous intensity Base units meter kilogram second ampere kelvin mole candela Derived units with special names plane angle radian solid angle steradian frequency hertz energy joule force newton pressure pascal power watt electric charge coulomb electric potential volt electric resistance ohm electric conductance Siemens electric capacitance farad magnetic flux weber inductance henry magnetic flux density tesla luminous flux lumen illuminance lux Celsius temperature degree Celsius activity (of a radioactive source) becquerel absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation) gray dose equivalent sievert m kg s A K mol cd rad sr Hz J N Pa W C V n s F Wb H T lm lx C Bq Gy Sv

3 Fundamental physical constants (SI) 3 a, B B CO "t/ Fundamental physical constants (SI) (1986 recommended values of the fundamental physical constants. The digits in parentheses are the one-standard-deviation in the last digits of the given value. For the latest recommended values see: Quantity Symbol Value Units GENERAL CONSTANTS UNIVERSAL CONSTANTS speed of light in vacuum permeability of vacuum permittivity of vacuum Newtonian constant of gravitation Planck constant in electron volts, h/{e} h/2ir in electron volts, h/{e} Planck mass, (hc/g)z Planck length, h/mpc = (fi.g/c3)i Planck time, lp/c = (hg/c5)^ c Mo eo G h h nip h tp TT x 10"7 = /MoC2 = (85) (40) (12) (63) (20) (14) (10) (34) ms i NA"2 10-7NA-2 10"i2 Fm-i 10"n m3 kg"1 s"2 lo-34 j g evs lo-34 Js 10"i6 evs 10-8 kg 10"35 m lo-44 s (exact) (exact) (exact)

4 Units 10"19 C 1014 AJ"1 10"15 Wb 1014 HzV s n JT-1 10"5 evt" HzT-1 KT JT-1 10"8 evt"1 MHzT"1 lo"2 m^t" KT General data Quantity ELECTROMAGNETIC CONSTANTS elementary charge magnetic flux quantum, h/2e Josephson frequency-voltage ratio quantized Hall conductance quantized Hall resistance, h/e2 = \\iocja Bohr magneton, eh/2me in electron volts, /xs/je} in hertz, ns/h in wavenumbers, fis/hc in kelvins, fis/k nuclear magneton, eh/2mp in electron volts, /xjv/{e} in hertz, HN /h in wavenumbers, /IN/he in kelvins, fi^/k Symbol e e/h 2e/h e2/h RH IJ-N Value (49) (72) (61) (14) (17) (12) (31) (52) (42) (14) (57) (17) (28) (23) (77) (31)

5 Units 10"3 m-i 10" Hz io-i8 J ev 10~ m lu J ev 10-4 m2s-i 10"4 m2s-i 10-3i kg 10-4 u Fundamental physical constants (SI) dai tan B- o' B CO CO (is: 5 Quantity ATOMIC CONSTANTS ATOM fine structure constant, /ioce2//i inverse fine-structure constant Rydberg constant, \meca2/h in hertz, Ro^c in joules, Roohc in electron volts, R^hc/{e} Bohr radius, a/47ri?o0 Hartree energy, e2/47reofto = 'ZRoohc in electron volts, Eh/{e} quantum of circulation ELECTRON electron mass in electron volts, mec21 \e\ Symbol a a-1 ROD a0 Eh h/2me h/me me Value (33) (61) (13) (39) (13) (40) (24) (26) (81) (33) (65) (54) (13) (15)

6 x 10" x 10~ o> B 6 General Ida data Quantity Symbol Value Units electron-muon mass ratio electron-proton mass ratio electron-deuteron mass ratio electron-a-particle mass ratio electron specific charge electron molar mass Compton wavelength, h/mec Xc/2n = acio = a2 /inr^ classical electron radius, a2a0 Thomson cross-section, (87r/3)r2 electron magnetic moment electron magnetic moment anomaly, fj-e/flb ~ 1 electron g-factor, 2(1 + ae) electron-muon magnetic moment ratio electron-proton magnetic moment ratio mg/m^ me/mp me/md me/ma e/me M(e),Me Ac Ac re 0"e fie fi-e/fi-b fle/fln ae 9e Ve/Vv fie/ftp (71) (11) (6) (3) (53) (13) (22) (35) (38) (18) (31) (10) (37) (10) (20) (30) (66) lo-3 10"4 10"4 10~4 10n Ckg-1 10~7 kgmor m lo-" m IO-15 m lo-28 m JT-1 lo-3

7 Units 10"28 kg u 10-4 kgmol-1 lo-26 JT-1 10"3 io-3 lo-27 kg u Fundamental dai. physical constants nts (SI 7 toco o" 8 BCO Quantity Symbol Value MUON muon mass in electron volts, niyc2/{e} muon-electron mass ratio muon molar mass muon magnetic moment muon magnetic moment anomaly, muon g-factor, 2(1 + am) muon-proton magnetic moment ratio PROTON proton mass in electron volts, mpc2/{e} proton-electron mass ratio mn m,, mn/me mn/mp M{n),M Ac> A~o fin fln/flb fln/fln fln/fle fin 1 flp md mv md/me mp/me (11) (17) (34) (30) (17) (15) (71) (13) (84) (17) (47) (10) (12) (28) (37)

8 C5 B si 8 General dat Quantity Symbol Value Units proton-muon mass ratio proton specific charge proton molar mass proton Compton wavelength, h/mpc Ac,p/27r proton magnetic moment diamagnetic shielding correction for protons in pure water, spherical sample, 25 C, 1 fj,'p/np shielded proton moment (H2O, sph., 25 C) proton gyromagnetic ratio uncorrected (H2O, sph., 25 C) TOp/mM e/mp M(p),Mp XG,p *C,p Pp flp/flb,pl,n O"H2O P-'p Hp/HB fl'p/fln lp 7P/2TT ip ipl^ (13) (29) (12) (12) (19) (47) (15) (63) (15) (47) (17) (64) (81) (13) (81) (13) 107 Ckg-1 10"3 kgmol"1 10"15 m 10^16 m 10~26 JT"1 10"3 io-6 10_26 JT-i 10"3 io4 s^r1 MHzT"1 IO4 s-1']?-1 MHzT"1

9 Units 10"27 kg u 10"3 kgrnol"1 10~15 m m 10_26 JT-i io-3 10~3 10"27 kg u (IS. Fundamental physical constants (SI 9 Quantity NEUTRON neutron mass in electron volts, mnc2/{e} neutron-electron mass ratio neutron-proton mass ratio neutron molar mass neutron Compton wavelength, h/mnc Ac,r1/27T neutron magnetic moment'"' neutron-electron magnetic moment ratio neutron-proton magnetic moment ratio DEUTERON deuteron mass in electron volts, mdc2/{e} deuteron-electron mass ratio Symbol mn mn/me mn/mp M{n),Mn Ac> A~o fin fln/flb fln/fln fln/fle fin 1 flp md md/me Value (10) (14) (28) (40) (9) (14) (12) (19) (40) (25) (45) (25) (16) (20) (24) (57) (75)

10 a. 10 General data Quantity Symbol Value Units deuteron-proton mass ratio deuteron molar mass deuteron magnetic moment^ deuteron-electron magnetic moment ratio deuteron-proton magnetic moment ratio PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CONSTANTS Avogadro constant atomic mass constant, mu = j^-m(12c) in electron volts, muc2/{e} Faraday constant molar Planck constant molar gas constant ^ 'The scalar magnitude of the deuteron moment is corresponds to the dipole associated with a spinning md/mp M(d),Md fid fld/flb fj-d/fj-n fid/fie fid/fip NA,L mu F NAh NAhc R (6) (24) (15) (91) (24) (91) (51) (36) (10) (28) (29) (36) (11) (70) 10~3 kgmol"1 10_26 JT-i 10~3 io mor1 io-27 kg Cmol"1 10~10 Jsmol"1 Jmrnol"1 Jmol"^" listed here. The neutron magnetic dipole is directed oppositely to that of the proton, and negative charge distribution. The vector sum, fj,d = fip + fj-n, is approximately satisfied.