Shear Walls. Shear Walls: Stiffness. Lateral Force Resisting System. stiffness predominates. Both shear and bending stiffness are important

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1 Shear Wall Load Diriion o Shear Wall Shear wall iffne Shear wall wih opening Diaphrag pe Tpe of Maonr Shear Wall Maxi Reinforceen Reqireen Shear Srengh Exaple: Single Laer Reinforcing Exaple: Diried Reinforcing Exaple: Flanged Wall Shear Wall 1 Shear Wall: Siffne Laeral Force Reiing Se d h h/d < < h/d < 4.0 h/d >4.0 iffne predoinae Boh hear and ending iffne are iporan iffne predoinae Shear Wall

Shear Wall: Siffne 9.1.5. Deflecion calclaion hall e aed on craced ecion properie. Aed properie hall no exceed half of gro ecion properie, nle a craced-ecion anali i perfored.

..) E =, where i Poion raio = hicne of wall L = lengh of wall Real wall i proal eween wo cae; diaphrag proide oe roaional rerain, no fll fixi. Shear Wall T- or L- Shaped Shear Wall Secion 5.1.

2 Shear Wall: Siffne Deflecion calclaion hall e aed on craced ecion properie. Aed properie hall no exceed half of gro ecion properie, nle a craced-ecion anali i perfored. Canileer wall can can h L E h 4 L Fixed wall (fixed again roaion a op) fixed fixed h L E h L h = heigh of wall A = hear area; (5/6)A for a recangle E = G = hear odl (odl of rigidi); gien a 0.4E (4...) E =, where i Poion raio = hicne of wall L = lengh of wall Real wall i proal eween wo cae; diaphrag proide oe roaional rerain, no fll fixi. Shear Wall T- or L- Shaped Shear Wall Secion Wall inerecion deigned eiher o: a) : ) Connecion ha ranfer hear: ( e in rnning ond) a) Fif percen of aonr ni inerloc ) Seel connecor a ax 4f. c) Inerecing ond ea a ax 4 f. Reinforcing of a lea 0.1in per foo of wall Meal lah or wire creen o ppor gro -#4 1 / 4 in. x 1 1 / in. x 8in. wih in. long 90 deg end a each end o for U or Z hape Shear Wall 5

3 Effecie Flange Widh ( ) Effecie flange widh on eiher ide of we hall e aller of acal flange widh, diance o a oeen join, or: Flange in copreion: 6 Flange in enion: Unreinforced aonr: 6 Reinforced aonr: 0.75 ie floor-o-floor wall heigh Anali: diincion eween 6 and 0.75 ie floor-o-floor wall heigh in copreion i no iporan. Aed effecie widh onl rel in a all hif of neral axi. Soe people gge increaing enion flange widh 1.5 for hear capaci deign and dcili chec. Reinforceen j oide effecie widh can e paricipaing. Shear Wall 6 Craced Moen of Ineria Recanglar cro-ecion 0.15 T-haped and I-haped ecion 0.40 Shear iffne 0.5 Pariall groed wall oal cro-ecional area of face hell pl area of groed cell Seiic Deign of Special Reinforced Maonr Shear Wall A Gide for Pracicing Engineer NEHRP Seiic Deign Technical Brief No. 9 Shear Wall 7

4 Exaple: Flanged Shear Wall Gien: Fll groed hear wall Reqired: Siffne of wall Solion: Deerine iffne fro aic principle. Ne area 11in. Cenroid, fro oer flange 48in.81in 7.6in40in0in 7.6in in 671in 40in. Ne oen of ineria 56in. 6=48in. Eleaion Shear area Plan Shear Wall 8 Exaple: Flanged Shear Wall Uncraced Craced P P Ph E I n Ph A E P P Ph E I n Ph A E E 11in 1 11in in 05in 0.4E E 11in 1 11in in 05in E 0.157in E 0.616in E Shear Wall 10

Copled Shear Wall hear wall hear wall hear wall Seiic

for Pracicing Engineer NEHRP Seiic Deign Technical

5 Copled Shear Wall hear wall hear wall hear wall Seiic Deign of Special Reinforced Maonr Shear Wall A Gide for Pracicing Engineer NEHRP Seiic Deign Technical Brief No. 9 Shear Wall 11 Frae Model Seiic Deign of Special Reinforced Maonr Shear Wall A Gide for Pracicing Engineer NEHRP Seiic Deign Technical Brief No. 9 Shear Wall 1

Shear Wall 1 Frae Model Seiic Deign of Special Reinforced Maonr Shear Wall A Gide for Pracicing Engineer NEHRP Seiic Deign Technical Brief No. 9 Shear Wall 14 Qaarddin, M., Al-Oraii, S., and Hago, A.

6 Shear Wall 1 Frae Model Seiic Deign of Special Reinforced Maonr Shear Wall A Gide for Pracicing Engineer NEHRP Seiic Deign Technical Brief No. 9 Shear Wall 14 Qaarddin, M., Al-Oraii, S., and Hago, A.W. (1996). Maheaical odel for laeral iffne of hear wall wih opening. Proceeding, Seenh Norh Aerican Maonr Conference, Diide wall ino pier.. Find flexiili of each pier. Siffne i reciprocal of flexiili 4. Dirie load according o iffne n A E h EI h f 6 Vh M 1 Vh M 1 Boo pandrel Top pandrel h h h h h h If h = 0 n A E h EI h f Vh M 1 1 Vh M A he op pandrel decreae in heigh, he op approache a fixed condiion again roaion. h Shear Wall wih Opening

7 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall Eleaion (afer Reinforced Maonr Engineering Handoo, 7 h ediion) Shear Wall 15 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall Mae life iple; conider onl olid porion of wall Need o proide precripie eiic reinforceen eerwhere.. Need drag r/collecor o ge hear o olid porion. Shear Wall 16

8 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall A B C D E Pier Gro Flanged Cracing Toal A Fll Ye; e I and A 0.4I; 0.5A 0.8I; 0.5A B Fll No; e 0.8A 0.15I; 0.5A 0.15I; 0.9A C Parial; e 50% No; e 0.8A 0.15I; 0.5A 0.075I; 0.14A of I and A D Fll No; e 0.8A 0.15I; 0.5A 0.15I; 0.9A E Fll Ye; e I and A 0.4I; 0.5A 0.8I; 0.5A Shear Wall 17 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall A B C D E Pier h (f) h (f) h (f) l w (f) I n (f ) A n (f) A B C D E Shear Wall 18

9 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall A B C D E Pier I n (f ) Facor I e (f ) A n (f) Facor A n (f ) F*E /E A B C D E Shear Wall 19 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall Saple Calclaion: Pier A A l f A 0.5A 0.5 f1. g w n g f f I 1 1 g lw f. 5 Ie 0.8I g f 0 h h f 6EI e 1 E An 6E E1.05 E Saple Calclaion: Pier C 5 f f I g lw 18 f f 1.67 f l 18 f A n f. 5 Ag w I e f h h 6E I e E A n 6E E.5 E Shear Wall 0

10 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall A B C D E Pier Shear M (-f/) M (-f/) A 0.048V 0.170V 0.07V B 0.011V 0.09V 0.07V C 0.848V 1.474V.765V D 0.058V 0.096V 0.19V E 0.05V 0.068V 0.177V Shear Wall 1 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall Saple Calclaion: Pier C Dirie Shear c E Vc V V V E M M, c, c V f Vch V f f Vch V f f f Toal Siffne of Wall: E For E = 1800i and = 7.65in., = 60ip/in Shear Wall

11 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall Find Axial Force in Pier: Draw FBD of op par of wall Moen direcion on pier V 0.048V V 0.011V 0.848V V 1.474V X-X 0.058V 0.05V 0.096V 0.068V 7 P A P B P C P D P E V 11 f 0.848V 1 f 0.011V 1 f 0.048V f 0.170V 0.09V 1.474V 0.096V 0.068V f 1. fv M X X 85 Shear Wall Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall x A B C D E Pier A (f) x (f) A i x i c i (f) A i (c i ) P A V B V C V D V E V S Shear Wall 4

12 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall Saple Calclaion: Axial Force Find cenroid and oen of ineria of pier area Ue wice area for Pier A and E o accon for flange Ue half area for Pier C o accon for parial gro x i eared fro lef end c i i diance fro cenroid 0.45V (0.170f)V 0.048V x A x f 19.5 i i I Ai ci 8694 f Ai Mci Pi I A i Pier A Pier A: 1.85 fv 5.6 f 6 f 0. V Mca Pa Aa 45 I 8694 f 0.048V (0.07f)V 0.45V Shear Wall 5 Exaple: Perforaed Shear Wall Mae life iple; conider onl olid porion of wall. Do no ip on end of wall eel Need o proide precripie eiic reinforceen eerwhere.. Need drag r/collecor o ge hear o olid porion. Shear Wall 6

13 Shear Wall: Bilding Lao 1. All eleen eiher need o e iolaed, or will paricipae in carring he load. Eleen ha paricipae in carring he load need o e properl deailed for eiic reqireen. Mo hear wall will hae opening 4. Can deign onl a porion o carr hear load, need o deail re of rcre Shear Wall 7 Diaphrag Diaphrag: e ha rani force o he erical eleen of he laeral load reiing e. Diaphrag claificaion: : diriion of hear force i aed on riar (wind) or riar (earhqae) : diriion of hear force i aed on relaie. Laeral Force Reiing Se Tpical claificaion: : Preca plan wiho opping, eal dec wiho concree, plwood heahing : Ca-in-place concree, preca concree wih concree opping, eal dec wih concree Shear Wall 8

14 Rigid Diaphrag Direc Shear: F V RRi RR i RRid i Torional Shear: F Ve RR d i i V = oal hear force RR i = relaie rigidi of laeral force reiing eleen i d i = diance fro cener of iffne e = eccenrici of load fro cener of iffne Shear Wall 9 Exaple: Diaphrag Gien: The rcre hown i jeced o a 0. ip/f horizonal force. Relaie rigidiie are gien, where he relaie rigidi i a noralized iffne. Reqired: Diriion of force aing: flexile diaphrag rigid diaphrag. RR = 4 50 f 50 f RR = 5 0. ip/f RR = 1 PLAN VIEW Shear Wall 0

15 Exaple: Flexile Diaphrag Solion: Flexile diaphrag wind Dirie aed on riar area 50 f 50 f For eiic, he diaphrag load wold e diried he ae (aing a nifor a diriion), when wall weigh were added in, he force cold e differen. RR = 4 RR = 5 RR = 1 PLAN VIEW Shear Wall 1 Exaple: Rigid Diaphrag Solion: Rigid diaphrag 50 f 50 f Wall x RR x(rr) 1 RR = 4 Wall 1 RR = 5 Wall RR = 1 Wall Toal Cener of iffne = 50/10 = 5 f x Wall RR d (f) RR(d) RR(d ) F F F oal Toal Shear Wall

16 Exaple: Diaphrag Deign Force Solion: Force are hown for a rigid diaphrag. The oen i generall aen hrogh chord force, which are ipl he oen diided he widh of he diaphrag. In aonr rcre, he chord force are ofen ae ond ea. V () 0. ip/f 50 f 50 f f M (-f) -55 Shear Wall 4 Drag Sr and Collecor Shear force: generall conidered o e niforl diried acro he widh of he diaphrag. Drag r and collecor: ranfer load fro he diaphrag o he laeral force reiing e. PLAN VIEW w L/ L/ L/ L/ L/ L WEST WALL ELEVATION EAST WALL ELEVATION Shear Wall 5

17 Diaphrag Behaior Three laeral force reiing e: Lengh=0 f; Heigh=14 f W4x68 W16x40 W14x68 Moen Reiing Frae = 8. ip/in W14x68 L 4x4x5/16 Braced Frae = 96 ip/in E = 1800 i W16x40 Face hell edding End cell fll groed L 4x4x5/16 Maonr Shear Wall = 1470 ip/in Laeral force reiing e a 4 f o.c. Diaphrag aed o e concree la, E=10i, =0.17, ariale hicne, load of 1 ip/f. Diaphrag Laeral Force Reiing Se 4 f 4 f Shear Wall 6 Diaphrag Behaior Shear Wall 7

18 Diaphrag Behaior hp://ghohaociae.co/skgalog/iewpo.php?id=19 Shear Wall 8 Diaphrag Behaior Shear Wall 9

19 Shear Wall: Tpe (nreinforced) hear wall (7...): Unreinforced wall (nreinforced) hear wall (7...): Unreinforced wall wih precripie reinforceen. Wihin 16 in. of op of wall Srcrall conneced floor and roof leel 40d or 4 in. 8 in. Corner and end of wall 8 in. Conrol join 16 in. 10 f. Join reinforceen a 16 in. o.c. or ond ea a 10 f. Reinforceen no reqired a opening aller han 16 in. in eiher erical or horizonal direcion Reinforceen of a lea 0. in Shear Wall 40 Shear Wall: Tpe reinforced hear wall (7...4): Reinforced wall wih precripie reinforceen of deailed plain hear wall. reinforced hear wall (7...5): Reinforced wall wih precripie reinforceen of deailed plain hear wall. Spacing of erical reinforceen redced o 48 inche. reinforced hear wall (7...6): 1. Maxi pacing of erical and horizonal reinforceen i in{1/ lengh of wall, 1/ heigh of wall, 48 in. [4 in. for aonr in oher han rnning ond]}.. Mini area of erical reinforceen i 1/ area of hear reinforceen. Shear reinforceen anchored arond erical reinforcing wih andard hoo 4. S of area of erical and horizonal reinforceen hall e 0.00 ie gro cro-ecional area of wall 5. Mini area of reinforceen in eiher direcion hall e ie gro cro-ecional area of wall [ for horizonal reinforceen for aonr in oher han rnning ond]. Shear Wall 41

20 Shear Wall: Tpe Reinforceen Raio in. CMU wall 1 in. CMU wall A (in /f) Poiiliie A (in /f) Poiiliie #4@ #5@56 48 Max pacing 48 #4@4 #5@ #6@40 #4@16 #5@ #6@ #4@4 #5@ #6@48 #4@16 #5@4 #6@ #5@16 #6@4 #7@40 Ue pecified dienion, e.g in. for 8 in. CMU wall. Shear Wall 4 Special Wall: Shear Capaci Mini hear rengh ( ): Deign hear rengh, V n, greaer han hear correponding o 1.5 ie noinal flexral rengh, M n Excep V n need no e greaer han.5v. Noral deign: ha o e greaer han. Th, ha o e greaer han / = V /0.8 = 1.5. Thi reqireen dole he hear. Shear Wall 4

21 Seiic Deign Caegor Seiic Deign Caegor A or B C D and higher Allowed Shear Wall Repone odificaion facor: Seiic deign force diided repone odificaion facor, which accon for dcili and energ aorpion. Knoxille, Tenneee Caegor C for Ue Grop I and II Caegor D for Ue Grop III (eenial faciliie Shear Wall R Ordinar plain 1.5 Deailed plain Ordinar reinforced Inerediae reinforced.5 Special reinforced 5 Shear Wall 44 Maxi reinforcing No lii on axi reinforcing for following cae ( ): M 1 and R 1.5 Sqa wall, no deigned for dcili V d In oher cae, can deign eiher proiding ondar eleen or liiing reinforceen. Bondar eleen deign (9..6.5): More difficl wih aonr han concree Bondar eleen no reqired if: P P 0.1fA g 0.05 fa g geoericall erical ecion geoericall nerical ecion AND M V l w 1 M OR V An f AND V l w Shear Wall 45

22 Maxi reinforcing (9...5) Reinforceen lii: Calclaed ing Maxi re in eel of f Axial force aen fro load coinaion D+0.75L+0.55Q E Copreion reinforceen, wih or wiho laeral ie, peried o e inclded for calclaion of axi flexral enile reinforceen Uniforl diried reinforceen = 1.5 ordinar wall = inerediae wall = 4 pecial wall Copreion eel wih area eqal o enion eel A d A d 0.64 f f f P d f 0.64 d in d P d, E Shear Wall 46 Maxi reinforcing Conider a wall wih niforl diried eel: f Srain Seel in enion Sre 0.8f Seel in copreion A aen a oal eel d i acal deph of aonr C C T P C f d T f A Porion of eel in enion C Yielded eel 1 Elaic eel 1 f A 0.5 f A 0.5 f A Shear Wall 47

23 Shear Wall 48 P C C T A f A f A f C T P C P d f A f C T f d P f d A 0.64 Maxi reinforcing Shear Wall 49 Maxi reinforcing, ε = 4ε

24 Maxi reinforcing, ε = ε Shear Wall 50 Maxi reinforcing, ε = 1.5ε Shear Wall 51

25 Shear Srengh ( ) V n n n g V V 0. 8 γ g = 0.75 for pariall groed hear wall and 1.0 oherwie M V An f 0. 5 Vd P M /V d need no e aen > 1.0 P = axial load V A 0. 5 f d Verical reinforceen hall no e le han onehird horizonal reinforceen; reinforceen hall e niforl diried, ax pacing of 8 f (9..6.) Maxi V n : V n A n f g V A f Inerpolae for ale of M /V d eween 0.5 and 1.0 n 6 ( M / V d ) 0. 5 n g 4 ( M / V d ) 1. 0 V n 4 M 5 Vd A n f g Shear Wall 5 Pariall Groed Wall Mehod Mean V exp / V n S. De. Pariall Groed Wall (Minaie e al, 010; 60 e) 008 Proiion Mlipl hear rengh A g /A n Uing j face hell Fll Groed Wall (Dai e al, 010; 56 e) 008 Proiion /1.16 = 0.776; ronded o 0.75 Shear Wall 5

26 Deign: Single Laer of Reinforceen 1. Deerine a, deph of copreie re loc a d d P d lw / 0.8 f p M. Sole for A A 0.8 f pa P / f. Chec axial capaci 4. Chec axi reinforceen 5. Chec hear Shear Wall 54 Exaple: Single Laer of Reinforceen Gien: f long, 8 f high CMU pier; Tpe S aonr ceen orar; Grade 60 eel; fll groed. P = 11 ip, V = 7 ip, M = 8 -f Reqired: Reqired aon of eel Solion: Chooe/deerine aerial properie. fʹ = 000 pi; f = 60,000 pi 0 in. 4 in. a, deph of re loc a d d P d lw / 0.8 f p M A, area of eel 0.8 f pa P / A f Shear Wall 55

27 Exaple: Single Laer of Reinforceen Tr #4 ar Conider econd laer of eel: Sole for c ch ha P n =11/0.9 =1. Pn C T 1 T 0 in. 4 in. c =.986 inche; C = 9.14ip; T = 1ip; T 1 = 4.9ip ϕ, deign oen M n Shear Wall 57 Exaple: Single Laer of Reinforceen. Chec axial load Radi of graion, r Slenderne, raio, h/r Noinal rengh, P n Deign rengh, P n 1 I 1 1 r A h r in. 8 f 1 f.0in. P f n A A n.0i7.6in. 4in. 0 60i f P n 0.9 A h 1 140r 7.65in.. in < 190 OK Applied load i 6% of axial capaci Shear Wall 59

28 Exaple: Single Laer of Reinforceen 4. Chec axi reinforceen: Fll groed wih eqal enion and A d P f 0.64 d d d copreion reinforceen f in, E Ae axial force i fro 0.9D, o P for axi reinforceen i 11/0.9 = 1. ip. For an ordinar wall: i in. 60i in in in. 0in. 1., i in. 0in.. A, ax d in Shear Wall 60 Exaple: Single Laer of Reinforceen Maxi Reinforceen Axial Force, P A,reqd Ordinar Inered. Special 0 ip 0. in 4.5 in 1.47 in 0.91 in 11 ip (6% of axial capaci 0.1 in.74 in 1.15 in 0.66 in 19 ip (10% of axial capaci) 0.1 in.0 in 0.9 in 0.48 in 8 ip (0% of axial capaci) 0.4 in 0.6 in 0.06 in Shear Wall 61

29 Exaple: Single Laer of Reinforceen 5. Chec Shear: M /V d raio Noinal rengh, V n M 8 f Ue M /(V d ) = 1.0 V d 7 f V n M Vd A in. 4in. 000 pi 1i n f 0.5P 1000 pi Deign rengh, V n V V n OK Shear Wall 6

( ) - maximum permissible bending. IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 4, Issue 01, 2016 ISSN (online):

( ) - maximum permissible bending. IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 4, Issue 01, 2016 ISSN (online): IJSRD - Inernaional Journal for Scienific Reearch & Developmen Vol. 4, Iue 01, 016 ISSN (online): 31-0613 Dr.N.Arunachalam 1 P.Prakah K.Jayakarhik 3 M.Narmadha 4 1 Profeor & Dean,3 PG Scholar 4 Aociae