High Power Pulsed Electron Accelerators Development for Industrial Applications

Transcription

1 Government of India BHABHA ATOMIC ESEACH CENTE Beam Technology Development Group Accelerator & Pulse Power Division Mumbai INDIA High Power Pulsed Electron Accelerators Development for Industrial Applications Dr. Archana Sharma arsharma@apsara.barc.ernet.in

2 Topics Covered Expertise of BAC in Pulsed Accelerators PESENT STATUS OF KALI-5000 SYSTEM (0.8-1 MV, 80 ka, 60 ns) 1.5 MV, 25kJ MAX GENEATO 1MV, 5kJ, 100ns CASTO OIL BLUMLEIN 1 MV SF 6 SPAKGAP SWITCH GENEATION OF INTENSE ELATIVISTIC ELECTON BEAMS (EB) UTILIZATION OF EB for Flash X-ays, HPM & Neutrons.

3 BAC s EXPETISE Since 1970s, Pulse Power Systems have been Indigenously Developed by APPD, BAC 1000 *KALI-75, 375kV, 2kA, 180ns; *KALI-85, 780kV, 4kA, 60ns; 1 *KALI-200, 300kV, 15kA, 60ns; *KALI-1000, 300kV, 20kA, 100ns, *KALI-5000, tested up to 600kV, 40 GW, 100ns, LIA-200, 200kV, 5kA, 100ns, Hz under commissioning KALI-75 KALI-200 KALI-1k KALI-5k To make the system compact and repetitive, Consistent efforts are being made. * KALI: Kilo- Ampere Linear Injector

4 Schematic of KALI-5000 Pulsed Accelerator 1MeV electron beam pulse

5 Photograph of the KALI-5000 PULSED Accelerator (0.8-1MV, 80kA, 100ns, 5kJ)

6 KALI-5000 SYSTEM (0.8-1MV, 40kA, 100ns, 40GW) Blumlein Diode end MAX GENEATO Vacuum System HVDC Supply oots Pump SF 6 gas

7 Principle of Marx Generator V C A 1 A 1 A 2 A 2 A 3 A 3 A N CHAGING POWE SUPPLY T IG S 1 B 1 C 1 CS S 2 B 2 C 2 C S S3 B 3 C 3 C S S N B N C N C S B 1 B 2 B 3 L (a) SCHEM A TIC C I C U IT O F M A X G ENEATO L S V o S C o N L (b) EQUIVALENT C I C U IT (c) O U TPUT PU LSE SHAPE t

8 Operation of ± Marx Generator A) WHILECHAGING: MODULE-1 MODULE-5 +50kV CH+ a A2 A3 A A13 A14 A15 A HVDC CHAGING POWE SUPPLY GND C 1 G1 TIG. C 3 S 1 G2 TIG. C 5 S 2 G3 S 3 G C 25 G13 C 27 S 13 G14 C 29 S 14 G15 S 15 G C 2 C 4 6 C 26 C C kV CH- B1 B2 B3 B B13 B14 B15 B

9 Operation of ± Marx Generator B) WHILE DISCHAGING : S FIST MODULE S 1 2 S 3 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 L 10Ω SECOND MODULE S 4 S 5 S 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 C 11 C 12 S 13 S 14 FIFTH MODULE S 15 C 25 C 26 C 27 C 28 C 29 C 30 V-POBE

10 Assembly of Marx Modules SPAK GAP NYLON O D CHAG ING ESISTOS PESPEX SHEET PLASTIC CAPACITO S 0.7m F, 50kV PESPEX CLAM P SUPPO T TOLLEY FO M O DULES M AX GENEATO FO KALI-5000

11 PHOTOGAPH OF THE FIST MAX MODULE (END VIEW)

12 Photograph of the Assembled Marx Modules 1.5MV, 25kJ

13 PULSE FOMING LINE (PFL) Inner electrode Vc c 2-electrode PFN Outer electrode Dielectric Medium S Zo L O A D V o= 1V c 2 DESIGN EQUATIONS OF PFN MODULE Characteristics Impedance, Z OM = (L /C ) 1/2 FAST SPAKGAP OUTE CYLINDE E Z 2 23 εr INTEMEDIATE CYLINDE E Z 1 12 εr INNE CYLINDE -1MV 100ns Pulse,T OM = 2n (LC ) 1/2 ise Time, t r = 0.3 (LC) 1/2 From High Voltage Pulse Generator -1MV V Energy, E M = ½ nc (V C ) ns LENGTH-L CHAGING INDUCTO MATCHED LOAD Z L = 2 Z0 WHEE Z = Z =Z Output Voltage, V OM = ½ V C THEE ELECTODE CO-AXIAL BLUMLEIN

14 End View of The Blumlein Sparkgap and Prepulse Inductor

15 esults of KALI-5000 High Voltage PULSE Generator (Marx/Tesla Transformer) Pulse Forming Line Water/oil filled H.V.Switch (spark gaps- N 2 /SF 6 filled ) EB diode/ e-gun Marx Output Peak Voltage = 600kV. Charging time = 500ns. E- Beam current Imax = 71kA at 600kV. FWHM = 100ns. Scale: 200kV/div, 500ns/division Scale: 20kA/div., 20ns/division

16 elativistic Electron Beam EB Generation CATHODE FOIL ANODE CATHODE FO IL ANODE SOLINOID C OILS PULSE POW E SYSTEM BEAM TANSPOT EGIO N INSU LATO ELECTO N VACUUM BEAM ELECTON BEAM EXPANDING ANODE PLASMA DIODE GAP EXPANDING CATHODE PLASMA

17 Virtual Cathode Oscillator (VICATO) CATHODE ANODE PULSE POW E SYSTEM VACUUM VITUAL CATHODE VACUUM W INDOW HPM ~ 1GW HPM weapons offer military commanders the option of: (i) Speed-of-light, all-weather attack of enemy electronic systems (ii) Area coverage of multiple targets with minimal prior information on threat characteristics (iii) Surgical strike (damage, disrupt, degrade) at selected levels of combat (iv) Minimum collateral damage in politically sensitive environments (v) Simplified pointing and tracking (vi) Low operating costs

18 P U LSE P O W E S Y STEM Backward Wave Oscillator BWO-HPM device M A G N E T IC FIE L D C O IL S A N O D E C A T H O D E SL O W W A V E ST U C T U E H P M TAGET V A C U U M SL O W W A V E ST U C T U E M A G N E T IC F IE L D C O IL S V A C U U M W IN D O W Efficiency: 20% 5 MW

19 Beam Plasma Device For HPM generation CATHODE PULSE POWE SYSTEM ANODE PLASMA VACUUM VACUUM WINDOW HPM Wide BW~100GHz, Low Efficiency TAGET

20 Flash X-ays 8/pulse For a successful dynamic radiography, (i) If higher the velocity of the moving object, smaller duration of the X-ray flash will be needed. (ii) Blurr produced on the stop motion radiography = VxT for an object moving with velocity V & X-ray pulse duration T

21 FLASH X-ay Generation PULSE POWE SYSTEM ANODE INSULATO BODY X INSULATO BODY ANODE INPUT PULSE VACUUM Y CATHODE CATHODE X-AY FLASH POFILE SECTION AT X -Y APPLICATIONs of FX: (i) adiography of radioactive sources: 8Ci Ir-192 source radiographed (KALI-200) (ii) Imaging the impact of projectile in or on a target, (iii) Imaging an explosively driven object during acceleration (iv) Observing the mechanics of detonation

22 Flash X-ay Generation Flash X-ray from KALI-75 Normal X- ray Photograph of water drops

23 Collective Ion Acceleraion CATHODE PULSE POWE SYSTEM ANODE VITUAL CATHODE e _ IONS IONS VACUUM ION SOUSE COSS MAGNETIC FIELD

24 CONCLUSIONS AN ELECTON BEAM OF 600kV, 70kA, 100ns has been produced. HPM ~1GW POWE, for shielding applications. FLASH X-AYs for deeper & faster radiography ION IMPLANTATION for various Industrial Applications

25 THANK YOU

26