Notes on Matrix Converters

Transcription

1 Noes on Marx Conerers V C CECA Conerors Esàcs e Corren Alern + V V b V c - LOAD Dr. Anon Aras 1 Marx Concep B-reconal swch Ac D1 D2 AC / AC rec elecrcal power conerson MXN, npus & oupus. Fgure correspons o he X Varable frequency an arable olage 2

2 Funamenals There are 2^9 512 possble combnaons Each oupu phase can be connece o any npu phase There are seeral consrans: Ao lne o lne npu shor crcu Ao open crcus wh nuce currens U a U U U C U B U A b c c b a Aa Ab Ac Ba Bb Bc Ca Cb Cc A B C T Cc Bc Ac Cb Bb Ab Ca Ba Aa c b a o C B A close open o,,,,, 1, 1 Co Bo Ao wchng funcon: Transfer Marx: 4 Moel U a U U U C U B U A b c c b a Aa Ab Ac Ba Bb Bc Ca Cb Cc A B C U U U U U U c b a Cc Cb Ca Bc Bb Ba Ac Ab Aa C B A CN BN AN Cc Bc Ac Cb Bb Ab Ca Ba Aa cn bn an C B A c b a o T U T U o T N on U U U U U U U U CN BN AN N cn bn an on c b a o C B A,,,,

3 Feaures Drec AC / AC Conerson. No DC Lnk: all slcon soluon Less bulky compac moor res afer hosle enronmens: arcraf, submarne Breconal power flow. 4 quaran conerer No resrcon on npu an oupu frequency whn lms mpose by swchng frequency nusoal npu an oupu currens waeforms 9 breconal swches. 18 GBT + 18 Does Oupu olage lme o 86.6% º of npu olage npu olages V U AC U BC U BA U CA U CB U AB U A U B U C npu secor Applcaons anar: Wn/Waer Force Machnes blowers, bolers, ncneraors, pumps, an general nusral Machnes. pecfc Applcaons: Compac or negrae Moor Dres Moor Dres for hosle enronmens arcrafs, submarnes AC/AC Power Conersons: wn energy, arable spee res... ll a opc of research 6

4 nusral Proucs Yaskawa Meum olage FDre-MX1. Launche n 24 Worl s frs marx conerer Dre uper energy sang meum-olage Marx Conerer wh Power regeneraon kv 2 o kva 6kV 4 o 6kVA Applcaons: Wn/Waer Force Machnes blowers, bolers, ncneraors, pumps, an general nusral Machnes. 7 nusral Proucs Yaskawa Low olage Marx Conerer Varspee AC V/f an ecor conrol 8

5 Waeforms 9 Waeforms U AN, U BN, U CN npu olages an U an oupu olage 1

6 Waeforms U AN, U BN, U CN npu olages an U an oupu olage 11 Waeforms U an = 2/ U an -1/ U bn -1/ U cn = U an + U Nn U Nn = -1/ U an + U bn + U cn 12

7 4 Waeforms U an oupu olage 1 Waeforms U ab = f U AB,U AC,U BC,U BA,U CA,U CB 14

8 6 Waeforms U AB, U AC, U BC, U BA, U CA, U CB npu lne olages ersus U ab oupu lne olage 15 6 Waeforms uses he wo larges olages 16

9 Waeforms 17 4 Waeforms U an a nuce curren small ephase or elay 18

10 Waeforms 19 Waeforms Dfferen frequences sa a 2

11 Waeforms 21 Waeforms A npu curren an, a, b, c loa currens 22

12 Waeforms 2 Waeforms sa flere npu curren an A non flere npu curren 24

13 Waeforms 25 Waeforms sa flere npu curren an u sa source olage. Power Facor = 1 26

14 Waeforms 27 Waeforms U san source an U AN npu phase olages 28

15 Alernaes nusry workhorse from less han kw o MW Unreconal power flow 2 quaran When he curren changes s sgn, he power mus be burn n he DC lnk DC lnk capacor % -5% of he power crcu olume npu currens ery poor. awful THD 29 Alernaes Ap Bp Cp ap bp cp A a a B C N b c b c An Bn Cn an bn cn B reconal power flow 4 quaran DC lnk capacor an npu nucors nusoal npu currens. npu Power Facor 1 Marx Conerer real alernae

16 MC ersus back o back U A A Ap A Bp B Cp C N ap a bp b cp c a b c U B B U C C Aa Ab Ac Ba Bb Bc An Bn Cn an bn cn Ca Cb Cc D1 D2 a b c U a U U b c 12 GBTs + 12 Does 1 large elecrolyc capacor DC lnk npu fler 1s orer large nucors 18 GBTs + 18 Does npu fler 2n orer nucors capacors Clamp crcu 1 B Dreconal wch Mus be able o conuc pose an negae curren an block pose an negae olage D1 D2 Doe embee swch wch: 1 GBT + 4 oes Conucng losses: 2 oes +1 GBT D4 D Back o back swch wh common collecor wch: 2 GBT + 2 oes Doe requre for reerse blockng capably Conucng losses: 1 oe +1 GBT Back o back swch wh common emer wch: 2 GBT + 2 oes Doe requre for reerse blockng capably Conucng losses: 1 oe +1 GBT D1 D1 D2 D2 2

17 B Dreconal wch Reerse Blockng GBT, RBGBT Two reerse blockng GBTs Lower conucng losses: one swchng ece ll uner research wch conrol wll reman he same UMMARY solae Power Conucng GBTs Does upples Deces Doe brge Common Emer Common Collecor B Dreconal wch Dece Packagng Dynex 2 A B reconal Moule From sanar one leg conenonal V 9 for a xmc Large Conerers > 2 A Common collecor D1 D2 V b V c LOAD 4

18 B Dreconal wch Dece Packagng.announce he release of wo b-reconal GBT moules for use n marx conerer power sages Dynex emconucor s workng closely wh researchers a Nongham Unersy. Through hs collaboraon an n response o commercal requremens, Dynex has creae he DM4PBM17-A for use n a 6Hz o 4Hz fxe frequency conerer an he GP2MB12 for use n a hgh effcency brushless c moor re. The DM4PBM17-A moule s a 4A 17V b-reconal swch moune on a 14mm x 7mm meal marx baseplae. Long-erm relably an enhance hermal performance are achee hrough he use of alumnum nre subsraes moune on a meal marx compoun baseplae. The package has a 6 kv solaon rang The DM2MB12-A moule s a 2A 12V b-reconal swch moune on a 16mm x 62mm copper baseplae. The package has a 4 kv solaon rang hp:// 5 B Dreconal wch Dece Packagng EMELAB 2 A B reconal Moule for a xmc Large Conerers V b V c LOAD 6

19 B Dreconal wch Dece Packagng A Marx Conerer GBT B-Dreconal swchng moule A 6kVA 6V max lne-lne a up o A marx conerer moule esgne by emelab. GBT Packagng Aalable n V o 18V Aerospace Cusomse o f your nees. Goo CTE mach, from lcon o he meal marx base plae. Excellen relably moule, emp cyclng, humy ese, eleae pressure. Low power losses. Plasc package / Hermc packagng Power connecon, Mounng holes Vo free e aach, X-ray capably. hp:// 7 Full Marx Conerer Dece Packagng EUPEC 5A Marx Conerer Moule 1 for a xmc mall Powers Conerers. 7.5 kw V b V c LOAD 8

20 Full Marx Conerer Dece Packagng 9 Full Marx Conerer Dece Packagng Fuj Elecrc Dece Technology Co.,L. 1 for a xmc Four opons Prce 9 No 29 : 12V 5A 12V 1A 6V 1A 6V 2A 4

21 Full Marx Conerer Dece Packagng 6V 2A 12V 1A 12V 5A 6V 1A 41 Commuaon Curren commuaon Nees he sgn of he oupu curren per phase A wo an parallel oes an measure s olage rops VA D1 D5 Va Measure he ece olage rops D2 D6 D1 D1 D2 D2 Mos wely use Volage commuaon Nees he npu olage alues per phase 42

22 4 ep Curren Commuaon D1 VA No shor crcus a he npu No open crcu a he oupu nuce loas VB D D2 T4 T D4 1 c 2 1 c 2 T T T4 f r T4 eal eal real real a > > 4 4 ep Curren Commuaon D1 VA D2 VB D T4 T D4 1 c 2 1 c 2 T T T4 r f T4 eal eal real real a < > 44

23 4 ep Curren Commuaon Marx Conerer EUPEC FM5R12KEENG moule wchng ece 1 / c / 2 f / r Power AC npu olage npu fler L/C alues 12V, 5 A, GBT 1 /.2 /.5 s 65-9 ns / -45 ns 7.5 kw x 415V 1mH / 1.5F 45 npu Fler 2n Orer npu L-C fler Typcal cu off frequency 1- khz beween he funamenal 5Hz an he PWM frequency 1-2 khz R n parallel wh L n orer o hae an aequae ampng L mpeance a 5Hz shoul be neglgble 2*p*f*L = 2*.14*5*1 - =.14 ohms Marx Conerer EUPEC FM5R12KEENG moule wchng ece 12V, 5 A, GBT Power 7.5 kw AC npu olage x 415V npu fler L/C alues 1mH / 1.5F V C V b V c LOAD 46

24 Clamp crcu Doe brge lke a sanar recfer Proecon agans open crcus wh nuce currens oer olage cause by ransens n power up an olage sags V C V b V c LOAD 47 MC Oupu Volage ecors j 2 pace Vecor Concep: U U U e U U a =Û A º U b =Û B -9º U c =Û B -9º o 4 2 j a b c e ae +1 U a =U A U b =U B U c =U B U a =Û A º U b =Û B -12º U c =Û B -12º U a =Û A -º U b =Û B -15º U c =Û B -15º 48

25 MC Oupu Volage ecors npu olages V Varable amplue ame angle 49 MC npu Curren ecors j 2 pace Vecor Concep: e 4 2 j A B C e B A a ae +1 A = a B = b + c C = C b c a a -º º = sqr/2 2/ 2 º = 2/sqr Amplue epenan on he loa ame angle 5

26 MC Oupu Volage & npu Curren ecors V a b c o o +1 A B B 2/U AB 2/sqr a 11/6 +2 B C C 2/U BC 2/sqr a /2 + C A A 2/U CA 2/sqr a /6 +4 B A B 2/U AB 2/ 2/sqr b 11/6 +5 C B C 2/U BC 2/ 2/sqr b /2 +6 A C A 2/U CA 2/ 2/sqr b /6 +7 B B A 2/U AB 4/ 2/sqr c /6 +8 C C B 2/U BC 4/ 2/sqr c /2 +9 A A C 2/U CA 4/ 2/sqr c /6 +R1 A B C U [U] o MAX [ o MAX ] +R2 C A B U [U +2/] o MAX [ o MAX +2/] +R B C A U [U +4/] o MAX [ o MAX +4/] A A A A.. B B B B.. C C C C.. a b c V o o -1 B A A -2/U AB -2/sqr a 11/6-2 C B B -2/U BC -2/sqr a /2 - A C C -2/U CA -2/sqr a /6-4 A B A -2/U AB 2/ -2/sqr b 11/6-5 B C B -2/U BC 2/ -2/sqr b /2-6 C A C -2/U CA 2/ -2/sqr b /6-7 A A B -2/U AB 4/ -2/sqr c /6-8 B B C -2/U BC 4/ -2/sqr c /2-9 C C A -2/U CA 4/ -2/sqr c /6 -R1 A C B U [- U] o MAX [- o MAX ] -R2 B A C U [- U +2/] o MAX [- o MAX +2/] -R C B A U [- U +4/] o MAX [- o MAX +4/] Where, U equals o 2/ º Û L 27 ecors: 18 consan n recon + nulls + 6 roang 51 MC Oupu Volage & npu Curren ecors 4, 5, 6 7, 8, 9 K = K =2 o o 1, 2, K =4 o K =6 1, 2, 2, 5, 8 7, 8, 9 K =5 4, 5, 6 1, 4, 7 K =4 K = K =2, 6, 9, 6, 9 K =5 K =6 1, 4, 7 2, 5, 8 52

27 Moulaon PWM Moulaon echnque s apple n orer o: follow a reference a he oupu, whch on aerage wll be a snusoal ge snusoal npu currens on phase wh he npu olage power facor 1 eeral moulaon echnques: Venurn, calar Drec & nrec pace Vecor Moulaon Base on he pace Vecor Moulaon for anar PWM nerers There are wo references: Oupu olage ecor npu curren angle 5 Drec pace Vecor Moulaon K = K =4 K =2 K =5 o o K =6 Reference 1 o Oupu olage ecor: The olage reference ecor wll be synhesze usng ajacen ecors : ' '' 54

28 55 npu curren angle: where usually: The npu curren angle wll be obane srbung he loa curren among ajacen ecors n he rgh proporons: Drec pace Vecor Moulaon Reference 2 K = K =4 K =5 K =2 K =6 '' ' 56 Drec pace Vecor Moulaon ' ' ' y ' 2 K j e '' ' Reference 1, oupu olage ecor:

29 Drec pace Vecor Moulaon ' '' x '' '' '' '' e K 1 j Drec pace Vecor Moulaon 4, 5, 6 7, 8, 9 2, 5, 8 1, 2, K = K =4 K =2 o o o K =6 1, 2, 1, 4, 7 K =4 K = K =2, 6, 9 K =5, 6, 9 K =5 K =6 1, 4, 7 7, 8, 9 4, 5, 6 npu secor UAC UBC UBA UCA UCB UAB UA UB UC , 5, 8 Wha ecors can be use? Maxmum npu olages a K =1 : U AB, U AC. Common ecors For K =1 & K =1: ±1 ± 2/ U AB ± ± 2/ U CA ±7 ± 2/ U AB ±9 ± 2/ U CA Usng jus 2 ecors, boh references can no be fulflle => 4 ace ecors wll be use 58

30 Drec pace Vecor Moulaon y x o o o o o o o V V o o ' '' ' o o ' V o o V 2 j K 1 ' e o e 2 j K 1 '' o o V o V 59 Drec pace Vecor Moulaon Reference 2, npu curren angle ' ' ' '' V V V V j K 1 j je e V j K 1 V j je e 6

31 61 o o K j e 2 1 ' V V o o K j e 2 1 '' 1 K j j e je 1 K j j V V e je o K K V o K K o K K o K K V 1 olng he 4 equaons, he four uy cycles are foun The remanng uy s for he zero ecors Drec pace Vecor Moulaon 62 To oban a correc balance of he npu currens an he oupu olages, he moulaon paern shoul be a combnaon of all 4 uy-cycles An he zero ecor s calculae as follows The ypcal moulaon paern s as shown n nex sle 1 n m * sn n m * sn ou m U * sn ou m U * sn Recfcaon sage nerson sage Ref. npu curren Ref. oupu olage nrec pace Vecor Moulaon

32 Moulaon swchng paern 6 Moulaon swchng paern 64

33 Moulaon swchng paern 6 U AC U BC U BA U CA U CB U AB 4 2 U A U B U C -2-4 npu secor Moulaon swchng paern npu secor 1. npu angle +º Oupu secor 1. Oupu angle +º U C U C U A U A U B U B U A U A U C U A U B δ O /2 δ 1 /2 δ /2 δ O1 /2 δ 2 /2 δ 4 /2 δ O2 /2 δ O2 /2 δ 4 /2 δ 2 /2 δ O1 /2 δ /2 δ 1 /2 U B U A U C δ O / /.87-1/.87-2/ /.87 2/.87 1/.87 2/.87 1/.87-1/.87-2/.87-1/.87-2/.87-4/.87 U an U bn U cn U Nn U an U U bn cn 66

34 Marx Conerer lnearzaon Marx Conerer lnearzaon General scheme VA D1 V C D2 + V T4 V b V c - LOAD VB D T D4 Volage Drop effec VA D1 Va D2 VD 67 Marx Conerer lnearzaon Marx Conerer lnearzaon VA D1 D2 Four sep commuaon 1 + c + 2 = 1µs+.2µs+.5µs 1 c 2 1 c 2 VB D T4 T D4 T T T4 f r T4 eal eal real real a > Volage Ege Uncerany effec > 68

35 Marx Conerer lnearzaon Marx Conerer lnearzaon Moel for Volage Ege Uncerany effec VM ECTOR 1 +V EU V C = V C V C V C -V EU V δ O /2 δ 1/2 δ /2 δ O1/2 δ 2/2 δ 4/2 δ O2/2 δ O2/2 δ 4/2 δ 2/2 δ O1/2 δ /2 δ 1/2 δ O /2 eal a > real 1 + r 1+ c + f 1+ r 1+ c + f V b eal b < V b real 1+ c + f 1+ r 1+ c + f 1+ r V c eal c < V c real 1+ c + f 1 + r 1+ c + f 1 + r T PWM 69 Marx Conerer lnearzaon DUAL COMPENATON Volage Drop effec Dual Compensaon V npu: phase curren Volage Ege Uncerany effec + c +V EU -V EU - c V +V EU oupu: compensang phase olage -V EU V 7

36 Marx Conerer lnearzaon Dual Compensaon n Marx Conerers FOC cheme Gr 8 6 a b c Dual Compensaon V C Va, Vb, Vc V * + - q * + - -axs curren conroller q-axs curren conroller V compa V compb V compc / 2 V comp V comp + V + q V + + VM LC fler Marx Conerer a b c PMM me s q A Va, Vb, Vc V 2-2 A me s me s me s 71 ummary Marx Conerer opology 9 Breconal swch 4 sep commuaon pace Vecor Moulaon npu Fler Clamp Crcu Marx Conerer lnearzaon Aanages of Marx Conerers: ze. Compacness. nusoal npu/oupu Hosle enronmens 4 quaran Applcaons 72