ENERGY + FORCES STUDY GUIDE. 9 Weeks Test Date: Parent Signature (BONUS!): energy - Kinetic energy - WITHOUT

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1 WITH KINETIC WITHOUT KINETIC Name: Pd: ENERGY + FORCES STUDY GUIDE 9 Weeks Test Date: Parent Signature (BONUS!): 6.8A FORMS of ENERGY energy - Energy exists in two forms: KINETIC or POTENTIAL. Kinetic energy - List examples of objects with and without KINETIC ENERGY (207) Explain how speed and mass affect how much kinetic energy an object has. (207) Energy can be present even if objects are not moving. Potential energy - _ Identify the 3 different types of POTENTIAL energy. Provide a description of each ( ). TYPE DESCRIPTION

2 Identify the third type of POTENTIAL energy. Provide a description. ( ). TYPE DESCRIPTION You can transfer energy by doing WORK. work - Identify and describe some other FORMS OF ENERGY. (211) FORM DESCRIPTION + EXAMPLES How can one energy source, such as the Sun, be the source of multiple forms of energy? (211)

3 6.9C ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS Energy can CHANGE from one FORM to another form. Describe how energy changes as the baseball is thrown in the air. Compare the amounts of KINETIC energy relative to the amount of POTENTIAL energy (225). C KINETIC POTENTIAL D A B B C D A E E Why does the ball s potential energy decrease as the ball falls? Why does the kinetic energy increase? (225) The total AMOUNT of energy in the universe DOES NOT CHANGE. The law of conservation of energy - Identify how ENERGY TRANSFORMS in each of the following scenarios ( ,211) Plants convert sunlight into their food. A fan is plugged in and oscillates (blades turn). A basketball bounces on the court.

4 6.9A HEAT TRANSFER In every energy transformation, some of the energy is transferred into THERMAL ENERGY. heat - Describe the pattern of thermal energy flow. (239) THERMAL ENERGY FLOW What must be true for thermal equilibrium to be reached between materials? (239) Describe the different ways in which thermal energy is transferred (240) METHOD DESCRIPTION + EXAMPLES

5 6.8C CALCULATE SPEED The speed of most moving objects is not constant, but can be described as the total distance you traveled over the total time it took you to do so this is called your average speed. Write the formula to calculate AVERAGE SPEED mathematically and in words. 6.8D GRAPH MOTION You can describe the motion of an object by showing how its position changes as time passes. distance time graph - Y AXIS SHOWS: X AXIS SHOWS: PLOTTED LINE SHOWS: With the information from a time graph, what else can you determine about an object? (176) You can use distance-time graphs to COMPARE MOTIONS of objects. CONSTANT SPEED How do you represent constant or changing speed on a graph? CHANGING SPEED Complete each motion graph to represent the object s motion. constant forward constant return no motion constant forward, constant return c. forward, no motion, c. return

6 MASS DISTANCE 6.8B FORCES Force has both SIZE and DIRECTION. (188,189) force - gravity - The Law of Gravity states that all objects are attracted to each other by a gravitational force. The strength of the force depends on the MASS of each object and the DISTANCE between the objects. Describe the affect of mass and distance on GRAVITATIONAL FORCE. (189) Explain COMBINED FORCES on an object. (192) FACTOR EXPLANATION NET FORCE BALANCED FORCES UNBALANCED FORCES NET FORCE = 0 NET FORCE 0

7 6.8E SIMPLE MACHINES A machine is a mechanical device that is used to make work easier. A SIMPLE MACHINE has only one or two parts. How does a simple machine make work easier? (194) Describe each simple machine and give examples. ( ) SIMPLE MACHINE DESCRIPTION + EXAMPLES INCLINED PLANE PULLEY