Ink-jet printed perovskite photovoltaics: from laboratory to industry Dr. David Forgacs

Transcription

1 Ink-jet printed perovskite photovoltaics: from laboratory to industry Dr. David Forgacs

2 WHAT MAKES A GOOD SOLAR CELL? Good absorption: - Low amount of material to absorb all the light Good transport: - So the generated current can be extracted from the solar cell Abundant material: - Easy to obtain, and possible to use on a large scale, cheap Processability: - It can be fabricated easily, low temperatures, environmentally friendly Extra features: - Low light performance, Flexibility, light weight, custom design, etc 2

3 PV MARKET TODAY Source: 3

4 PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES Source: 4

5 PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES Source: IDTechEx 5

6 PV TECHNOLOGIES LABORATORY EFFICIENCY COMPARISON 6

7 PEROVSKITE: EFFICIENCY Data source: 7

8 WHAT ARE PEROVSKITES? 8

9 PEROVSKITE: ABX3 A: 1+ / 2+ B: 2+ / 4+ X: 1- / 2-9

10 PEROVSKITE: PROPERTIES Perovskite in solar cells: 1. High absorption coefficient J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015,3,

11 PEROVSKITE: PROPERTIES Perovskite in solar cells: 1. High absorption coefficient 2. Close to optimal bandgap (VIS&NIR) J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5,

12 PEROVSKITE: PROPERTIES Perovskite in solar cells: 1. High absorption coefficient 2. Close to optimal bandgap (VIS&NIR) 3. Low qv oc losses Stranks et al. ACS Energy Letters 2 (2017) 12

13 PEROVSKITE: PROPERTIES Perovskite in solar cells: 1. High absorption coefficient 2. Close to optimal bandgap (VIS&NIR) 3. Low qv oc losses 4. High performance Data source: 13

14 PEROVSKITE: PROPERTIES Perovskite in solar cells: 1. High absorption coefficient 2. Close to optimal bandgap (VIS&NIR) 3. Low qv oc losses 4. High performance 5. High specific power for ultra-thin (1.3 μm) parylene foil and 12% device efficiency Nature Materials 14, , (2015) 14

15 INK-JET PRINTING BY SAULE 15

16 INK-JET PRINTING Advantages of ink-jet printing: Ambient processing - Low OPEX Low material waste Low OPEX Straightforward scaling Low CAPEX Custom design - Versatility Substrate independence Versatility Digital production - Versatility 16 P E R O V S K I T E O V E R V I E W

17 INK-JET PRINTING PARAMETERS Composition: Solvent, functional materials, surfactants, mixing temperature & duration, etc Rheology: Surface tension, viscosity defines drop formation, ejection, formation on substrate Substrate: Material, cleaning, pre- and post-treatments Deposition: Waveform, swath, temperature, purging, etc 17 P E R O V S K I T E O V E R V I E W

18 FIRST PEROVSKITE LAYERS 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 18 P E R O V S K I T E O V E R V I E W

19 ...significantly more flexible than Silicon... Many features currently presented by perovskite cells are unattainable for other solar technologies. Versatility Ink-jet printing offers free form perovskite solar modules Flexibility Foils as substrates are resistant to damage caused by bending and folding Low light performance Does not need direct illumination To generate power Ultrathin The thickness of a solar cell is around 500 nm. Semitransparency Almost the complete range is obtainable Light weight Current weight of the module by Saule is approx g/m2 Tunable color The finished product can be engineered to a wide range of available colors with relative ease 19 T E C H N O L O G Y O V E R V I E W

20 INK-JET PRINTED PEROVSKITE 20

21 PROOF OF CONCEPT DEMONSTRATION TRL 6 Next step: prototype production line up to 1 m2 solar modules 21

22 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES 22

23 Huge solar growth = huge perovskite potential Perovskite has potential to revolutionize the market of solar energy and replace silicon solar PV. Global crystalline silicon solar PV installation market value B USD Until now, the most significant solar cells were silicon cells. However, there are a number of alternatives for them, the most promising of which are perovskite cells. Perovskites have the potential to outshine silicon in solar panels. Saule Technologies ( ) is close to bringing the first commercial perovskite solar cells to market. 03 Feb Perovskite currently has taken the lead among emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies, [ ] a material that could enable manufacture of cheap, highly efficient solar coatings that could be unspooled from a printer much as newspaper is printed Author: Varun Sivaram, fellow for science and technology at the think tank CFR (Council on Foreign Relations) 28 Feb 2018 Source: report Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Installations Market ; Allied Market Research The Guardian: After the 'sunrush': what comes next for solar power? (28th Feb 2018) The Economist: A new type of solar cell is coming to market (3rd Feb 2018) pv magazine: Skanska, Saule Technologies to install BIPV perovskite modules on office buildings (17th Jan 2018) Euronews: The Polish company that is revolutionising solar panel production (4th Apr 2018) 23 M A R K E T

24 The PV technology of the future... Flexible perovskite cells can be used in solar generation, construction, space technology & consumer goods Rooftop Mobile phones Electric cars BIPV semi-transparent perovskite solar cells into office buildings Construction Apparel Furniture Windows Acoustic screens Space applications Tandem Cells perovskite combined with other cells, most often silicon, thanks to which higher efficiency is obtained. 24 T E C H N O L O G Y O V E R V I E W

25 Market Case Study 1: BIPV Building Integrated PV coating with semi-transparent perovskite solar cells achieves zero-energy and carbon neutral status Solar energy harvesting opportunities in cities are limited due to the shortage of free horizontal areas. Perovskite solar cells allow utilizing any free area exposed to sunlight, direct and indirect. There are 3 main applications for BIPV: roofing, walling and glass. For 2020, around 3.5B will be invested in BIPV roofing solutions in each Europe and USA, with a total worldwide BIPV annual investment exceeding 10B. The total worldwide demand for BIPV glass will increase from 1B in 2015 to 6.3B in 2022 the BIPV walling market is supposed to reach 5.5B after M A R K E T

26 Market Case Study 2: Electric Vehicles Perovskite cells on Toyota Prius Hybrid produce 487 W - 2.7x higher than existing silicon cells Incorporation of flexible solar cells on a Toyota Prius Hybrid Car hood: - Maximum area: 0.96 m 2 - Useful area: 0.8 m 2 Lateral sides of the car (doors and other parts): - Maximum area: 4.78 m 2 - Useful area: 3.8 m 2 Toyota Prius Hybrid has the option of a built-in silicon solar roof able to power accessories and charge the battery with 180 watts output. Saule expects that perovskite cells incorporated into Toyota Prius Hybrid will have a total output power of 487 W, what means 2.7x higher than existing silicon cell roof instalation. It is possible thanks to flexibility and higher transparency makes possible to include the cells on the windows of the car. Rear window: - Maximum area: 0.43 m 2 Rear side windows: - Maximum area: 0.44 m 2 26 M A R K E T

27 ...already proven by landmark license deals Landmark licence deals with Skanska and Ergis underline existing market belief in Saule Technologies Product Solar modules for facades and sound barriers Ultra-barrier PET films (UHB-PET) to be used in flexible electronics Scope Cooperation agreement & sales exclusivity in chosen countries Exclusive license agreement Countries Canada, USA, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, United Kingdom, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark Worldwide Duration M A R K E T

28 COMPANY OVERVIEW 28

29 Management Team Dynamic your team of Olga Malinkiewicz, scientist behind the perovskite technology, together with Piotr Krych and Artur Kupczunas Piotr Krych, CEO Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer at Saule Technologies. He co-founded Nanopure a company commercializing novel technologies in chemistry and advanced material engineering, and SensDX - developing a mobile flu biosensor. Entrepreneur and a manager with 15 years of experience in tech business development. Dr Olga Malinkiewicz, CTO Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer at Saule Technologies. She graduated from Technical University of Catalonia in 2010 (MSc Photonics). In 2017 she obtained her PhD from Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia at the group of Dr. Henk Bolink, with a thesis on low cost, efficient hybrid solar cells. Olga developed a novel perovskite cell architecture allowing fabrication of the efficient perovskite cells on PET. For this achievement she has been granted with the Photonics21 Student Innovation award in a competition organized by the European Commission in Artur Kupczunas, co-ceo Co-founder and co-chief Executive Officer at Saule Technologies. He is also managing Bridge One, a venture capital fund investing in pre-seed projects at an early TRL 2-6 stage. He holds an MBA from University of Minnesota and M.Tech from Poznan University of Technology. 29 C O M P A N Y O V E R V I E W

30 TEAM OVERVIEW 35 employees expats from 14 countries scientific background 200+ publications Small, efficient, interdisciplinary team Multicultural work environment Talented scientists sharing knowledge & experience 30 C O M P A N Y O V E R V I E W

31 Where are our team members from? International team provides a multicultural work experience United Kingdom Sweden Germany Spain Italy Finland Poland Hungary Macedonia Japan Mexico India Argentina 31 C O M P A N Y O V E R V I E W

32 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CONTACT Dr. David Forgacs Director of Knowledge Management 32