,,, ( personal knowl2 edge) (mutual knowledge) Keysar, B ly, Barr, Keysar, Giora ( egocentric) Barr, Keysar, Colston and Katz

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Barry Gilmore
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2010 4 26 2 ( ) Journal of China University of Petroleum ( Edition of Social Sciences) Ap r. 2010 Vol. 26 No. 2 1, 2, 3 (1., 310028; 2., 524048; 3.

1 ( ) Journal of China University of Petroleum ( Edition of Social Sciences) Ap r Vol. 26 No. 2 1, 2, 3 (1., ; 2., ; 3., ) [ ] ;,, /,, [ ] ; ; ; ; ; [ ]H0 [ ]A [ ] (2010) ,,, (RT), RT,,, Keysar, B ly, Barr, Keysar, Giora ( egocentric), Barr, Keysar, Colston and Katz, ( personal knowl2 edge)(mutual knowledge),, 1975 (what is said) (what is imp licated),,, ( imp licature) ( recover) Saul, [ ] [ ] (09CYY038) [ ] ( ),,,

2 26 2, : 97 [ 1 ],, ( in2 tention), Horn, Levinson A tlas,, Horn Q R ; Levinson, Q, I M,,,, ( undeterm inancy) [ 2 ],,, ( Relevance Theory, RT), RT, Bach : [ 3 ],, ;,, what is said / what is imp licated, exp licature / imp licature, what is said / imp liciture / imp licature,,, ( intake),,,,,,,,,, ( imp licature), ( exp licature),,,,, ( ),,, ( internalizing/p rivatizing), : ( utterance), ( p rag2 matic enrichment) ;, (p ragmatized p roposition), ( imp li2 cature),

3 98 ( ) ( intrusion),,,,,, (p rivatizing),,,, Keckes :, ( label), - ( in2 ter - label hierarchy) - ( intra - label hierarchy) [ 4 ],,, :,,,, W ang: - It is sucks, I have been checked. L i: - It is ok, today, Xu is really tough. I have been checked several time, check, check,,, ( 1) ( ), (2), (3) check,,, check ( 1),,,,,,,,, (1),,, ( ), ( hierarchical salience),, ( ) ( ),,, ( ex2 p licature),, ( imp licature),, Bach imp liciture [ 5 ], ( automatic) ( de2 fault) Levinson ( Presump tive Meaning),

4 26 2, : 99 [ 6 ] Jazczcolt, (Default Seman2 tics),,, [ 7 ], ( intrusion), Giora, ( The Graded Salience Hypothesis) : ( conventionality) ( fam iliarity) ( frequency) (p rototyp icality) [ 8 ] Giora,,,,, ( entrenched),, Keysar, B ly, Barr, Giora ( egocentric),,,,,,,,,,, : (1) Some peop le liked mum s cake. (1a) Not everyone liked mum s cake. /Some but not all peop le liked mum s cake. good. ( 2) Father: - W as the food good? Son: - Some peop le like mum s cake. (2a) The food at fam ily dinner was not particular (3) M: - I wanted to talk with you about some2 thing, but I can t remember what. BLE) W: - (NOTES SEW ING THREADS ON THE TA2 It must have to do with thread ( joking). M: - Yea, I wanted you to do Maya s jeans (Joking). W: - You know, the first interp retation I got was genes with a g. ( 4) He sp lintered the bat and run out of the cave., (1a) (2a) (1) (2) ( enrichment), (1a) (2a), ( 1a),,,, Jaszczolt, ( 2a),,, Kecskes ( Situation Bound U tterance, SBU ), SBU SBU, SBU ( 3) (4), ( 3) woman, gene, gene,, ( 4 ) bat cave,

5 100 ( ) , ( ) ( common ground),,,,, ( core part) ( emergent part), ( common sense ) ( formal sense) ( culture sense) ; ( current sense) ( shared sense) [ 9 ],,, Kecskes ( public context) [ 10 ], Kecskes, :,,, ;,,,, : (1) A: - The famous NBA p layer in Rockets is also Obama s fans. B: - I don t believe it, Yao is a Chinese. A: - It s Tracy, I thought you knew it. ( 2) Korean: - J ill, do you want me to help you with your essay? American: - Don t patronize me, p lease. Korean: - You say, you don t want support? American: - Please just don t Okay? (1) A B NBA, Tracy Mcgrady,, B, (2) patronize to act as a patron to someone or something,,, ( shared sense), ( cur2 rent sense) Ann Bud ( 3 ) Ann: - See the woman w ith blonde hair? She s our new English teacher. She s p retty, isn t she? (3) Ann Bud Bud, Ann,,,,,,,:

6 26 2, : 101,,,, [ ] [ 1 ] SAUL, JENN IFER. W hat is said and p sychological reality: Grice s p roject and relevance theorists criticism s [ J ]. L inguistics and Philosophy, 2002 ( 25) : [ 2 ] CARSTON, R.. Thoughts and utterances: the p ragmatics of exp licit communication [ M ]. Oxford: B lackwell, 2002a: 117. [ 3 ] BACH, KENT. Review of Thornstein, F. and Gundel, J. eds, reference and referent accessibility[ J ]. Cognition (8) : Pragmatics & [ 4 ] KECSKES, ISTVAN. Situation - Bound U tterances in L1 and L2 [ M ]. Berlin /New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003: 103. [ 5 ] BACH, KENT. You don t say? [ J ]. Synthese, 2001 (128) : [ 6 ] LEV INSON, STEPHEN C. Presump tive meanings: the the2 ory of generalized conversational imp licature [ M ]. Cam2 bridge, MA: M IT Press, 2000: 326. [ 7 ] JASZCZOLT, KATARZYNA M. Default semantics: foun2 dations of a compositional theory of acts of communication [M ]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005: 18. [ 8 ] GIORA, R. On our m ind: salience, context and figurative language[m ]. Oxford: OUP, 2003: [ 9 ] KECSKES, I. & F. ZHANG. Activating, seeking and cre2 ating common ground: A cognitive2p ragmatic app roach[ J ]. Pragmatics & Cognition, 2009 ( 25) : [ 10 ] KECSKES, ISTVAN, and M EY JACOB. Intention, com2 mon ground and the egocentric speaker2hear [M ]. Ber2 lin /New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2008: 124. [ : ] A Study of In take From the Soc ia l Cogn itive Perspective ZHOU Hong2hui 1, 2, ZHOU Chang2le 3 ( 1. CSLC, Zhejiang U niversity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China; 2. School of Foreign L anguages and L iterature, Zhangjiang N orm al U niversity, Zhanjiang, Guangdong , China; 3. D epartm ent of Cognitive Science, X iam en U niversity, X iam en, Fujian , China) Abstract: The current main influential p ragmatic theories view common ground and cooperation as the central factors of communica2 tion, while the cognitive linguistic theories take opposite view that the two is peripherical but what matters is egocentrism. The modern p ragmatic theories including Griceans, neo2griceans and Relevance Theory (RT) are actually hearer2centered or hearer2designed. In this paper, an alternative term " intake" in perspective of social cognitive view is offered. This hypothesis intends to view communica2 tion as both cooperation and egocentric p rocess in utterance understanding. U tterance understanding is viewed as a p rivatizing and dy2 nam ic common constructing p rocess. The view will illustrate better the nature of communication. Key words: intake; p ragmatic intrusion; intention; salience; egocentrism; common ground

Natural Semantic Metalanguage Rationales and Prospects

2012 4 167 FOREIGN LANGUAGE RESEARCH 2012 No. 4 Serial No. 167 *? * 710072 H030 A 1000-0100 2012 04-0045 - 5 Natural Semantic Metalanguage Rationales and Prospects Pu Dong-mei Northwestern Polytechnical