Measurements of Excess Heat and Tritium during Self-Biased Pulsed Electrolysis of Pd-D 2 O

Transcription

1 Cn, F.,. Mumn of Ex H nd Tum Dung Sf-Bd Pud Eoy of Pd-D 2 O. n Thd Innon Confn on Cod Fuon, "Fon of Cod Fuon" Ngoy Jpn: Unv Admy P, In., Tokyo, Jpn. Mumn of Ex H nd Tum dung Sf-Bd Pud Eoy of Pd-D 2 O Fno CELANI, Anono SPALLONE, Poo TRIPODI, Ann NUVOLI INFN, Lboo Nzon d F, v E. Fm, F (Iy). ABSTRACT Af Tkhh pod g x h wh pud oy, w bu g-od fow om o pfom pud un oy. Bnk ung Au p hod w d ou o hz h ym. Fou od-wokd Pd h w d, nd wo of hm podud 7.5% nd 6% mn x h fo mny wk. Th oh Pd h dd no podu x h n mo, hough on of hm, f duum odng, podud up o 25% x h, bu ony fo fw hou. Tum ny w d ou nd om ondn bwn um poduon nd x h w found. 1. APPARATUS W onud n oy ym [Fg. 1] ung ynd poyhyn v (12 m dm, 7 m hgh, 1 m hk) n mpovd yp of h pod by A. Tkhh. 1 To oo h w nd doub ng (wo o) opp o, whh od wh nk nd ovd by y n). An h (1.2 kw mxmum pow) w pd on h boom of h v; k h oo, w nk od nd ovd by y n. Th u of h pu nuon qud o vod onmnon of h oy ouon du o h ggv onnd b (0.3 M/ of LOD o LOH). Th hod w h (2.5 m, 2.5 m, 0.1 m), nd h nod w P w (100 m ong, 0.05 m of dm) wound n p ound h hod. Th od w pd by 1 m Tfon b nd od h n of h boom of h v; dgon P w (0.05 m dm), 0.3 m fom h uf of h h, w ud h vog fn od. A 1 m hk N od, m o h nn mpu no, w pu vy o o h od. Th P ho w (1, 1.5 nd 2.5 m ong) w pu on h op of h v nd ud o n h ouon v. A h m ud no h v w d gn unwnd poonng of h ouon. Th v w hmy nud fom nvonmn by 5 m hk poyyn nd 7 un of umnzd My.

2 Fgu 1. Inn v. Th oong ym [Fg. 2] on of n nn o, p pump nd w bh; h oong qud odny w. Th nn o (0.5 m of dm nd 4 m ong) w modfd o mpov h oong ffny of h oong fud. Th ompu-onod p pump w ud o povdd onn oong, whh n mov h dffn by vyng h fow 0.5 nd 30 m/. Th w bh kp h npu oong w onn 17 C. Svn mpuno (S dv, AD590) ud. Th nvy 1 μα/ C. Ung 10 ΚΩ odng o n h u, w g vu of 10 mv/ C hough n opon mpf (OP227). Th mo mpon no pd oud h v, h npu nd oupu of h oo, doubd. Th onfguon gv dundn ndpndn mumn of h oupu hm ngy. Th ougong g fom D 2 O doon n no od ym hown n Fg. 3. Th ouon wmd by oy; bo ud o ondn h vpo. Two opon g voum ubb b ud o o h g nd vuum/ov-pu pump ud fo pu opng. A ombn (g dffuon od, E-TEK, USA), wokng oom mpu, pd no bo o ombn h D 2 nd O 2 g no D 2 O. Th D 2 O ouny od boh fo pod um ny nd mumn of dod w (o hk gn f-ombnon no h oy v). Two pu no (on nog nd h oh dg) ud. Two n-n ow-dop pu vv ud o vod g un o h v fom h ombn (mny CO 2 ). A Tfon ub nd no h v ud o f h D 2 O.

3 Fgu 2. Coong ym. A uom md u [Fg. 4] w ud o ono h onn-un gno n od o pfom m dpndn oy. Th yp hp ud w 20 mnu pod, 0.25 o 5.1 A; w-ooh wv wh hf-pod of 20 o 360 mnu; nd 0.25 o 7 A qu wv. Th wv ono uo o mnu, wh m nd mpud b. Two f ovy-m hgh pow dod (IR, mod. 40HFL80S05) w nd bwn h gno nd h od o vod duum dodng fom h Pd hod dung h f non un dg 3 : v vog pozon n ou fo ho m n h ondon.

4 Fgu 3. G ym.

5 Fgu 4. Pow uppy nd d quon ym. An ndpndn vog gno ud o uppy h nn h fo om bon. A h nd hm pm w ompu qud by n IEEE488 bu onnd o wo mupxd 6.5 dg nvy DMM (HP-3457A). Th foowng d w od: vn mpu (bou nd dffn n nd ou oong fud, nn v, w bh, ombn nd oom mpu), un nd vog of h v, fn hod vog, ougong g pu nd p pump fow. Th of h pm w ndpndny d nd on-n pod by hgh ouon oo gph po (HP- 7090A).

6 A PC-486 ompu w ud o mono nd qu h pm nd nkd o mo ompu (VAX-8086) o o nd off-n nyz h d. Fgu 5. Com hm bon. 2. CALIBRATION AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES W pfomd wo dffn yp of hm bon: bon, ung h nn h, nd oy bon dung h oy wh n Au p hod. Gny, h bon w pfomd bfo nd f n xpmn un. Fg. 5 how bon d ngng ov 1 monh pfomd n 4 dffn wy, vyng h od yp (Au o Pd) o h oy (LOH+H2O o LOD+D2O). Th d how h ny nd by of h om up o 180 W of npu pow, ud h podu of h vog m h un h h, n p o h oupu pow (w) ud : Wou = Κ ΔΤ (1) wh K= J /(m K) onn onvon fo kng no oun h pf h of oong fud (gh w), h oong fud fow n m/, ΔT h mpu dffn bwn h oupu nd h npu of h oong fud. Th op dffn bwn h d uv whn no h o o dpon (h dod n n Fg. 5) nd h gh npoon uv of h d 4 ± 1%, bu h hm onduvy of v w nd w vpo. Th op dffn 5 ± 1% n of oy bon, wh n Au hod nd LOD+D2O ouon. Th nd dpon mo du o h ngy o o ffun g. Th nvy of h om dpnd on h fow. I W/(m/)

7 whn h oong fud w; h ouon, dpndn on hmom nvy nd fow by, md o b bou 1.5%. Fgu 6. D/Pd o fo 3 dffn Pd h. A pf podu w dopd o mu h quny of D dobd no h Pd hod. Dung h f 6 o 7 un w-h, h ombn w xudd nd h pu of oy g (O2+ O2) w od no onn wh known voum. Som D w bobd by h hod, vng fov O2 g n h hdp. W ud h hgng o, D/Pd, bd on h g pu of h fov O2. Af h xh un mp h nvy of h pu mumn bm oo ow o m h D/Pd o. Af h nh mp w opnd h ombn o h g ym. Fg. 6 how h D/Pd o vu h hg bwn h od fo h dffn Pd h: h d pon n h po opond o h D/Pd vu umud dung mp. A D/Pd ndpndn hk, bd on D2 g vouon dung Pd dhgng h nd of h xpmn (wh no un ppd o h od) gv m u. W md, bd on h, h h qubum o 0.67 STP. Sv w pfomd o udy h oy po nd hz h om ym. Bnk w pfomd ung n Au hod h, nd n oy ouon of 0.3 M H2O+LOH o D2O+LOD. Pow npu w pud un, dbd bov: mp un fom h bgnnng of h (fo hf dy mxmum) nd hn qu wv un (fo v dy). Th D2O fom h ombn w pody od nd um onn w nyzd. A nuon do (REM oun) w od vy o o h v o mono g nuon mon, ony fo fy on.

8 3. RESULTS Dung wo monh of xpmnon, 4 od-wokd Pd h md by wo dffn Jpn Fm w d: Tnk Kknzoku K.K. bh #1 (dgnd h T.2 nd T.5, wh Vk hdn g-10) nd bh #2 (dgnd T2.7) poduon (Vk hdn 145), nd IMRA Indu bh #1 (11.3) poduon. Sm Pd h fom Tnk bh #1 nd #2 w d by E. Som. 2 Tb 1 how of h. No x h (±2%) w v dd dung h bnk un. No x um (±3%) w dd dung h bnk un p h nhmn du o oy, ompud wh vu of 2 fo h oop pon fo. Th T.2 Pd h gv x h up o bou 12% mxmum (=4 W of =30 W mn npu pow), wo dy f h bgnnng of h un [Fg. 7]. A h bgnnng, h un w mpd fo 1 dy nd h x h oud ju om hou f h un. Dung h foowng 5 dy, wh qu wv un, h mn x h w bou 7.5%. Af h w d mp un, hopng o n h x h by D ov-odng no h Pd, bu h x h dd. Tb 1. L of T Pfomd TEST DENSITY DATE d/m/y CURRENT G/m3 A ΔΕ/ Ε % TRITIUM (x) NOTES HEATER 2/8/92 3/8/92 DC b Au/P LOH+H2O 3/8/92 4/8/92 mp+q mx (4A) bnk Au/P LOD+D2O 4/8/92 6/8/92 mp+q mx (4A) ± 3% bnk Pd/P [T1.2] = /8/92 25/8/92 mp+q 12% mx mx (5A) < 7.5% > (26%) D/Pd >0.75 Au/P LOD+D2O 7/9/92 12/9/92 Rmp+q ---mx (5A) ± 3% bnk Pd/P [11.3] /9/92 22/9/92 Rmp+q < 2% (18%) mx (7A) (25% pk) D/Pd=0.69 (=0.84) Pd/P [T2.7] /9/92 2/10/92 Rmp+q < 2% mx (7A) unknown D/Pd=0.72 Pd/P [T1.5] /10/92 24/10/92 Rmp+q 8% mx mx (7A) < 6% > (36%) D/Pd=0.79 unnng Af 3 dy of mp un w whd gn o qu wv un nd h x h und o n vg vu of 7.5%, ng fo 10 dy. Th w nupd bupy whn n xndd pow bkou oud. Ov x h of bou 3 MJ w podud n 19 dy. Bu w dd no mu h mxmum D/Pd hgng vu h bgnnng, w md h vu (>0.75) whn h p w dhgd. A o of +26% x Tum

9 (+240 dpm/m) w mud fom h ombnd D2O w od, kng no oun h nhmn fo ( 2)of h um n h o u o n. Th 11.3 Pd h dd no podu gnfn x h up o 7 dy o w ddd o op h un uppy fo 12 hou, ng h Pd od dod h ovhgd duum. Af h, w d h duum odng wh om un mp: h D/Pd hd h vu of 0.84 ±0.04 ng fom 0.67 (D/Pd vu qubum STP); w no h h pvou f hgng up D/Pd vu w Af h odng, w ud qu un fuh nng h hgh v fom 5.1 up o 7.2 A. Af h opon h x h hd h 25% pk vu ng ju om hou. Dung h 2 dy foowng no gnfn x h ppd [Fg. 8]. W ddd boo o hk f g onmnon n hp h D dopon on Pd uf, bu dd no podu gnfn ff. Th ov x um podud w md b ound +18% (+172 dpm/m). Fgu 7. Th T1.2 Pd h gv x h up o +12%. Th T2.7 Pd h, opd n h m ondon of h pvou h, podud no gnfn x h (<2%) dung 9 dy of xpmn. Th T.5 Pd h gv h hgh D/Pd vu on h f hgng up (D/Pd =0.79). Af 2 dy of un mp, h un qu wv w d nd h x h d fom 4% (+2.5 W of bou 60 W mn npu pow) nng o bou 6% n bou 67 hou [Fg. 9]. Af h m p pump fu oud, o h h un w pu o ow vu (0.25 A) fo mny hou. Ex um, mud un h pump fu, w +36% (+340 dpm/m). Af h pump w fxd, h w d nd h Pd h onnud o podu bou 5% mn x h fo mny dy. Th Pd h unnng h wng.

10 Th fn vog, fom h dgon P w n fon of h hod, w wy qud nd und udy. I h bn obvd o of oon bwn h pm nd h duum dopon no h Pd. Fgu 8. Th I1.3 Pd h gv on x h of +25% fo ho m.

11 Fgu 9. Th T1.5 Pd h gv x h of bou +5% fo ong m. Bu h pm nvov h onduvy nd h mpu of ouon, p h hg u of Pd-P p, h oon wh h D/Pd pm no y ompy. Lookng b 1, h D/Pd m od o h m dny of h Pd h n h wy: h D/Pd o n f h m dny d. 4. CONCLUSIONS Bd on h w pfomd wh ou od-wokd Pd h, w n y h hgh nvy fow omy qud o obv x h wh ny ow v (5%). Th f-bd pud oy, wh pop u, m b o du h ong duum hgng m o fw hou nd h x h gny pp om hou ; h x h y od o hgh D/Pd hgng o (> 0.75) Ou d pp o how om oon bwn x h nd ow m dny (ow hn h 12 g/m3 nd d v u ) n h wopd h. Ex um m o b podud whn x h obnd, b n m moun. In onuon, h mugy of h Pd od py vy mpon o fo boh hgh D/Pd o nd g x h. Moov, h duum hgng mhod (pud un) ongy hp h poduon of x h.

12 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mo of h hm nd mug p of h xpmn w dud n d wh S. Foun, P. Mn, V. D Sfno nd M. Tuu of CSM, ILVA-IRI (Rom, Iy). W gfu fo h nvub kfu oopon nd hn n fom F. B (INFN, LNF). W woud k o hnk Pof. H. Ikgm nd T. Tzm (NIFS, Ngoy, Jpn) fo h vy mpon uggon nd onnu nougmn. W hnk: Pof. A.Tkhh (Ok Un.), D. E. Som (Lo Amo N. Lb.) Pof. S. E. Jon (B.Y.U. Povo), pof. G. Pp (Mn Un.) nd S. Nzu (IMRA-R.) fo h mung duon, m nd uggon. W gfu o D. F. Foo, M. Cod nd Pof. B. S (U. Rom) fo h m. Th pdum p w kndy povdd fom Tnk K.K. nd IMRA-Rh, boh fom Jpn. Th wok uppod by gn fom INFN nd In Coun of Rh (CNR), Com on z on p R ht no og h I nnov z on. REFERENCES [ 1]A.T k h h. Ex H ndnu P odu byd2o/pd Eoy nd Mubody Fuon,Subm d oapp de om g n nm,( M h1992). [ 2]E.K.S o m. M u m n ofex H F omty pe o y C U ngp d um Sh. Subm d ofu ont hno o gy( J u y1992). [ 3]F.C n. R u OfTh1 Gnon, A Gn So Undgound Lbooy, On Nu Co dfu on. Conf n P o d ng,si FBo og n1989,vo.24p.257( 1989).