Grade 9 Science Review

Transcription

1 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 1 Grade 9 Science Review Chapter 1 - Organisation of matter 1. Find the density of a mysterious liquid with a mass of 4.5 grams and a volume of 16 ml. 2. Find the mass of an unknown substance with a density of 7.8 g/ml and a volume of 24 ml. 3. When a solid is placed in 105 ml of water in a graduated cylinder, the water level rises to 118 ml. If the density of this solid is 2.6 g/ml, what is the mass? 4. What is the volume of an item that has a density of 5.42 g/ml and a mass of g? 5. Convert the following: 4500 ml = L 0.65 L = ml 2.45 g = mg mg = g 6. What are the three phases that matter generally assumes? 7. Describe the movement and structure of particles in a solid. 8. Describe the movement and structure of particles in a liquid. 9. Describe the movement and structure of particles in a gas. 10. What is the difference between a mixture and a pure substance? 11. What are the 2 types of mixtures? Give 2 examples of each. 12. What are the 2 types of pure substances? Give an example of each. 1

2 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e What is the mass of solute dissolved in 3200 ml of a 2 g/l solution? 14. In a lab, 41 g of solute is placed in 250 ml of solvent to create a solution. What is the concentration of this solution? 15. You have 65.3 g of solute and want to make a solution that is 20 g/l. What is the volume of water needed to make this solution? 16. A solution has a concentration of 8 g/l and a volume of 7 L. If the concentration of the solution is reduced by half (so the new concentration is 4 g/l), what will happen to the volume of the new solution? Chapter 2 - Energy 1. Explain the difference between an energy transformation and energy transfer. 2. Define the three types of physical changes listed below: a. Phase Change (or Change of State): b. Dissolution: c. Deformation: 3. Give the definition of the following chemical changes: a. Synthesis: b. Decomposition c. Oxidation d. Precipitation 2

3 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 3 4. Energy that comes from the movement of particles is what type of energy? a) Solar Energy b) Thermal Energy c) Sound Energy d) Hydraulic Energy 5. What is decomposition? a) The transformation of complex molecules into simpler ones b) A chemical reaction involving oxygen c) A physical change that changes the shape of a material d) None of the above 6. Energy that is contained in and transported by electromagnetic waves is called: a) Radiant Energy b) Thermal Energy c) Elastic Energy d) Wind Energy 7. State whether the following are examples of energy transformation or energy transfer: I. A lamp s electrical energy changes into radiant energy: II. Electricity travels along wires from a power plant to homes: III. Eating an apple and then dancing around: IV. Heat moving around our homes: V. Turning on the TV in a dark room, and the TV lights up the room: Chapter 3 - Fluids & Pressure 1. What is the difference between an incompressible fluid and a compressible fluid? Provide an example of each. 2. A mother and child are walking through deep snow. Who will sink deeper in the snow and why? a) The mother will sink deeper in the snow because she has a greater mass, and exerts a greater pressure. b) The mother will sink deeper in the snow because she has a greater mass, and exerts a lower pressure. c) They will both sink to the same level because mass doesn t affect pressure. 3. Which of the following is NOT a fluid? a) Milk b) Blood c) Oxygen d) Kleenex 4. A test tube is filled with a solution. There are two holes in the test tube marked by A and B. Which of the following statements is true concerning the pressure of these two holes? a) The liquid coming out of A will spurt out farther because there s more pressure at the top. b) The liquid coming out of B will spurt out farther because there s more pressure at the bottom. c) The liquid coming out of B will spurt out farther because there s less pressure at the bottom. d) The liquid will spurt out of both spots equally as the pressure is the same throughout the graduated cylinder. 3

4 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 4 5. When we inhale, our lungs fill with air and the volume of air in our lungs increase. During inhalation, what happens to the pressure in our lungs? Chapter 4 Waves (The Perception of Light and Sound 1. What is the difference between specular reflection and diffuse reflection? 2. What do waves carry? a) Matter b) Energy c) Matter & Energy d) Fluids 3. Which of the following electromagnetic waves have the shortest wave lengths? a) X-Rays b) Radio Waves c) UV (ultra violet) waves d) They all have the same wavelengths 4. Which of the following affects the intensity of a sound the most? a) The wavelength b) The area of refaction c) The amplitude d) The direction it moves 5. The diagram above shows what happens when light is reflected on an object. If the angle of incidence in the diagram is 45 o, what is the angle of reflection? a) 145 o b) 45 o c) 55 o d) 13 o 4

5 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 5 6. Karen has noticed that she has difficulty seeing things close up, they become all blurry. Which of the following is true? a) Karen might have myopia and a diverging lens could correct it. b) Karen might have myopia and a converging lens could correct it. c) Karen might have hyperopia and a diverging lens could correct it. d) Karen might have hyperopia a converging lens could correct it. 7. Look at the diagram to the right. Which phenomenon allows the horse to see it s reflection in the water? 8. Look at the diagram to the right. Which phenomenon makes stones in the water seem closer than they really are? 9. In the wave to the right, indicate the following: I. A wavelength (highlight a full wavelength) II. The crest III. The trough 10. Which of the following has a higher amplitude? 5

6 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 6 Chapter 5 Cellular Specialization and Reproduction Reproductive System 1. What is puberty? 1. What is the relationship between cells, tissues, organs and systems? 2. What are hormones? 2. Give the three main reasons as to why cell division occurs. 3. Which hormones trigger puberty? 4. What are the female sex hormones? The male sex hormones? 3. Describe mitosis (with at least three characteristics) 5. What is oogenesis? 4. Describe meiosis (with at least three characteristics) 6. What hormones cause the menstrual cycle to start? 7. Where is a female ovum fertilized? 5. How many chromosomes does a diploid cell have? 6. How many chromosomes does a haploid cell have? Chapter 6 - Nutrition, Respiration, Blood, Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System 1. Which nutrient is the body s main source of energy? 2. What are the 6 nutrients? Give an example of a food rich in each nutrient. 7. What is DNA? What is a gene? What is a genome? 8. What is genetic diversity? 6

7 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 7 3. Where are proteins first digested? Carbohydrates? Fats? 4. What happens during exhalation? 4. Give 2 examples of mechanical transformations that occur during the digestion process. 5. How does gas exchange occur in the lungs? Where exactly does this happen? 5. In which organ are all nutrients absorbed? 6. Where does the absorption of water take place? 6. What is the name of the small blood vessels that carry the oxygenated blood away from the lungs? 7. What is the name of the muscle contraction that moved food down the esophagus to the stomach? Blood compatibility 1. What are the 4 constituents of blood? 8. Which digestive gland targets the breakdown of fats? 2. Which blood type is known as the universal donor? Why? 9. Give 2 examples of chemical transformations that occur during the digestion process. 10. What is important about the location of the first item on an ingredient list? Respiration 1. What are the 6 main parts of the respiratory system? 2. What is the main goal of respiration? 3. What happens during inhalation? 3. Which blood type is known as the universal recipient? Why? 4. Can a person with blood type AB- donate to a person with a blood type of A-? Why or why not? 5. Can a person with blood type B+ donate to a person with a blood type of B-? Why or why not? 6. Which blood types would be able to donate to a person with O+ blood? 7. Which blood types could donate to a person with A+ blood? 7

8 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 8 Cardiovascular System 1. What is an artery? What is a vein? What is a capillary? 2. What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation? 3. What part of the heart is considered the pump? Lymphatic System 1. What is extracellular fluid? Lymph? 2. What is phagocytosis? 3. How do antibodies and antigens protect our bodies? 4. Which of the following protects the body from infection? a) Red blood cells b) Platelets c) White blood cells d) Lymph 2. What is a nerve impulse? a) A receptor b) The transition zone between two neurons c) The centre of balance and movement coordination d) An electrical signal transmitted by a neuron 3. Which muscle below is correctly classified? a) Biceps cardiac muscle b) Heart skeletal muscle c) Small intestines smooth muscle d) Bladder - skeletal muscle 4. Which of the following is not a function of the musculoskeletal system? a) Helping to maintain body temperature b) Protecting soft organs c) Production of red blood cells d) Fighting infection 5. In what order does light travel through the eye? a) The pupil, the lens, the vitreous humour, and the retina b) The lens, the pupil, the vitreous humour, and the retina c) The retina, the lens, and the pupil d) The iris, the lens, the cornea and the optic nerve 6. Which part of the eye detects colour: a) Cones b) Iris c) Pupil d) Rods 7. Which part of the brain is the center for balance and movement? Chapter 7 - Nervous system, Senses, Musculoskeletal System 8. What is a reflex arc? Describe one in detail. 1. In the diagram of a neuron (located below), which letter represents the location of an axon? a) A b) C c) D d) E 8

9 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 9 9. Fill in the following table using the words below: Sense Organ Receptors Location of Receptors Example of Stimuli Hearing Vision Smell Taste Touch Words to use: Chemicals, Cochlea, Dermis, Ear, Eye, Hearing, Light, Nasal Cavity, Nerve Cells, Nose, Odour, Olfactory Bulb, Papillae, Photoreceptors, Pressure, Retina, Sensory, Skin, Smell, Sound Waves, Taste Buds, Taste, Temperature, Texture, Tongue, Touch, Vision Chapter 8 Biotechnology 1. What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)? a) The process of producing a genetically identical copy of a living organism. b) One without any living organisms. c) A living organism that has DNA modified through genetic transformation. 2. Which of the following is a definition of pasteurization? a) A process whereby food is heated for a period of time in order to destroy harmful microorganism. b) The capacity to resist a disease to which we have been exposed by being able to fight off the infectious agent. c) A prepared substance that is able to immunize an organism against one or several diseases. d) A medical procedure used to help women become pregnant. 3. What type of biotechnology does each of the following describe? a) To replicate, I have to get into a cell and use its structures. b) I help accelerate chemical reactions in the body. c) I am a unicellular organism without a nucleus. d) I am a unicellular mould. e) I am a ring-shaped segment of genetic information. f) I am a molecule containing an individual s genetic information. 4. Sterilization is necessary when culturing cells in order to avoid 5. There are two types of cloning. Give the name for each type and briefly describe it 6. Genetically modified organisms (GMO s) have a variety of concerns and benefits associated with them. List 2 benefits and 2 concerns about GMO s. 7. Vaccines are given to improve immunity to certain diseases. Explain what is meant by immunity and describe how a vaccine can promote immunity from a specific virus. 9

10 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 10 Chapter 9 Earth and Space Chapter 10 Origins of Life 1. Which of the following distances should be measured using the light year? a) Distance between the Milky Way and our neighbouring galaxy. b) Distance between Earth and Jupiter. c) Distance between the sun and Mars. d) Distance between the Earth and the Moon. 2. Your friend tells you they see a solar system in the telescope that is billion kilometers away. How many light years away is this solar system? a) 0.08 LY b) 1.3 LY c) LY d) 1 LY 3. The kilometre, the astronomical unit and the light year are three units of measurement used to calculate distances. Which would be used to calculate each of the following? a) the distance between Jupiter and Mercury b) the distance between the Sun and the star Rigel c) the distance between Earth and the Moon d) the distance between Gaspé and Montreal e) the distance between the Milky Way and Andromeda 4. What is the difference between a comet and an asteroid? 1. Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for life to form? a) A very long time b) Abiotic elements c) Liquid water d) An energy source 2. What is the difference between evolution and natural selection? 3. Which type of fossil are left in soft soil by an organism that lived a long time ago and have fossilized over the years? a) Petrified fossil b) Cast or mould fossil c) Body fossil d) Trace fossil 4. Which of the four geological eras is described in each of the following examples? i - era in which we live at present ii - era when many dinosaur species lived, as well as when they all became extinct iii - the longest geological era of the four iv - era during which most species of mammals appeared v - era that ended with the biggest extinction event ever 5. What is Earth s only natural satellite? 10

11 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e Carefully study the illustration to the right. It includes three stratigraphic layers and the fossils they contain. What number represents the oldest stratigraphic layer? Explain your answer using the principle on which it is based. 6. What does the term bipedalism mean? Chapter 12 and 13 - Technology Review 1. In which of the following motion transmission chains does the final component (driven component) turn in the same direction as the initial component (driver component)? 11

12 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e The following diagram shows five components (A, B, C, D and E) involved in a series of transformations and transmissions of motion. Indicate whether the operation of each pair of components listed below involves motion transmission or motion transformation. 1) Components A & B 2) Components B & C 3) Components C & D 4) Components D & E 3. The diagram below shows how an exercise machine called a rowing machine works. Draw the appropriate symbols of the two types of motion and the two forces involved in using this machine. 12

13 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e List the link characteristics for the following objects: 5. State the main type of guiding control for each item to the right: 13

14 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 14 Motion and Force Symbols Appendix 2 Motion Force Rectilinear translation in one direction Force that tends to STRETCH the bodies or PULL them. Rectilinear translation in two directions Force that tends to SQUEEZE the bodies or PUSH them. Rotation in one direction Force that tends to TWIST bodies. Rotation in two directions Force that tends to SPLIT bodies. Helical Some Symbols Useful for Diagrams Appendix 3 Screw or bolt Nut Nut and bolt Complete link (2 surfaces) Free in rotation and fixed in translation Free in rotation and translation Complete link No movement possible Free in translation and fixed in rotation Angular spring Compression spring Gear Wheel or pulley 14

15 G r a d e 9 S c i e n c e R e v i e w E n d o f Y e a r P a g e 15 Rack Tension spring Gear (Side view) Pulley (Side view) Appendix 4 FORMULAS C m V C : concentration m : mass of solute V : volume of solution C 1V 1 C2V 2 C V : concentration : volume of solution m V ρ : density m : mass V : volume 15