Living Things. perform a specific job in the body. Skin and lining of organs. Blood, bones, cartilage, fat. Brain and nerves

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Sydney Wilson
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Living Things Structure & Function BIG IDEA : All living things are made of cells A. Unicellular Organisms 1. Made of only one cell. 2. Examples paramecia, amoebas, bacteria B.

Tissues a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job in the body a.

1 Living Things Structure & Function BIG IDEA : All living things are made of cells A. Unicellular Organisms 1. Made of only one cell. 2. Examples paramecia, amoebas, bacteria B. Multicellular Organisms 1. Made of many cells. 2. Cells are specialized to do certain jobs a. Examples: blood cells, pollen, nerve cells 3. Tissues a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job in the body a. Made of ONE type of cell Animal Tissue Type Location / Purpose Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscular Skin and lining of organs Blood, bones, cartilage, fat Brain and nerves Support, protection and movement Plant Tissue Type Location / Purpose Epidermis Transportation Roots Leaves and stem covering Carries water and nutrients Store food and support

Organ Systems Groups of organs that work together to perform certain jobs in the body a. Made of Several organs working together b.

2 4. Organ two or more tissues working together to do a specific job for the body a. Made of MORE THAN ONE type of cell b. Examples: Heart = muscle + nerve + other Leaf = epidermis(covering) + photosynthetic + transport tissue 5. Organ Systems Groups of organs that work together to perform certain jobs in the body a. Made of Several organs working together b. circulatory system = heart + blood vessels + nerves 6. Purpose of tissues and organs and organ systems To supply cells with the materials they need to live. Cells Organs System Tissues Organism

3 BIG IDEA : All cells perform important functions for an organism. Cells in all organisms perform similar functions A. Cellular Respiration 1. Requirements sugar and oxygen 2. Equation C6H12O6 + O > CO2 + H20 + energy 3. Energy is used for many purposes a. movement b. provide heat c. build cell structures B. All cells take in nutrients 1. Nutrients Food Non Food sugar protein fat oxygen vitamins & minerals water CO2 (plants) 2. Nutrients are used to make carbohydrates, fats and proteins CO2 H2O ENERGY Power Fat Molecule Fat Factory Protein Molecule Carbohydrate Molecule Protein Factory Carb Factory

C. Methods of moving nutrients 1. Passive Transport / Diffusion a. Movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of _low concentration until equilibrium is reached. b.

4 C. Methods of moving nutrients 1. Passive Transport / Diffusion a. Movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of _low concentration until equilibrium is reached. b. Does not require energy c. Used to move small molecules such as _ water, sugar, nutrients and oxygen that can squeeze through spaces or doorways between the molecules that make up the cell membrane d. Osmosis a form of diffusion where water moves from high concentration to low concentration. 2. Active Transport a. Movement of materials from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration b. Requires energy c. Used to move small particles such as sugar or other nutrients_ d. Particles travel through special doorways made of proteins D. All cells remove waste 1. Waste product of cellular respiration carbon dioxide and water

BIG IDEA : Organisms grow and develop A. Enlargement an increase in the size of the cell 1. Occurs in unicellular and _multicellular organisms. B. Cell Division 1.

5 BIG IDEA : Organisms grow and develop A. Enlargement an increase in the size of the cell 1. Occurs in unicellular and _multicellular organisms. B. Cell Division 1. In single celled organisms, results in _a new organism 2. In many celled organisms, results in _a larger organism C. Differentiation 1. Specialization of cells that results in _tissues, organs and systems D. The size of the organism depends on _the number of cells_ NOT the _size of the cells. 1. Example: _humans_ and _elephants have the same size cells. BIG IDEA : Characteristics of living things are passed on through generations. A. Genetic Material 1. DNA _material in the nucleus of the cell that contains instructions for making everything in the body 2. Chromosomes pieces of DNA 3. Genes _sections of chromosomes that carry information for a trait. a. Traits characteristic of an organism b. Alleles two forms of the same trait, one is dominant, one is recessive

6 BIG IDEA : Organisms Reproduce A. Asexual Reproduction 1. Unicellular organisms _parent cell divides into two new organisms 2. Plants _can reproduce asexually by runners or underground stems 3. New organism is _genetically identical to the parent organism because it only receives information from one parent cell 4. Disadvantages may not survive if the environment changes B. Sexual Reproduction 1. New organism receives _genetic information equally from 2 parents 2. Advantage results in greater diversity 3. Punnett Squares and variation Widow s Peak W = Dominant (peak) w = recessive (no peak) Tongue Rolling T = Dominant (can roll) t = recessive (can t roll) Seed Color in Pea Plants Y = Dominant (yellow) y = recessive (green) Seed Type in Peas R = Dominant (round) r = recessive (wrinkled)

Education Transformation Office (ETO) 8 th Grade Unit #4 Assessment

Education Transformation Office (ETO) 8 th Grade Unit #4 Assessment 1. Which of these shows the correct hierarchical sequence? A. organs cells tissues organ systems B. cells tissues organs organ systems