Soft and Fast Starting Induction Motors Using Controllable Resistive Type Fault Current Limiter

Transcription

1 Soft n Ft Strting Inution Motor Uing Controllle eitive Type Fult Current Limiter Neri Seye Behz n Mihel Negnevitky, Senior memer, IEEE Shool of Engineering, Univerity of Tmni Hort TAS 7000, Autrli Neri.Seyeehz@ut.eu.u Atrt Thi pper propoe ontrollle reitive type fult urrent limiter for oft n ft trting of inution motor (IM) e on the primry reitne metho. Two metho of ontnt urrent n minimize torque pultion trting for the propoe FCL re preente. A omprion i one n it i hown tht metho of minimize torque pultion y the propoe truture le to ft n oft trting for IM. Anlytil nlye re performe in etil n imultion reult uing PSCAD/EMTDC oftwre re involve to vlite the effetivene of the propoe FCL n it ontrol metho for the oft n ft trting up of IM. Keywor-inution motor; oft trter; primry reitne; ontnt urrent; torque pultion I. INTODUCTION Three phe quirrel-ge inution motor (IM) re wiely ue in inutry pplition ue to their low ot, high reliility n le mintenne. Thee motor onume out 60 % of the eletril energy generte in inutrilize ountrie [1-]. However, Diret-On-Line (DOL) trting of lrge IM le to urge urrent roun 6-7 time lrger thn it norml urrent. In ition, trnient pultion of torque our t trting tge tht n e time lrger thn it norml opertion vlue. Lrge trting urrent of IM reult in ome prolem for itelf n for the utility uh : lrge voltge rop on Point of Common Coupling (PCC) n onuently, effet on norml upply of prllel lo; ue uneire trip on overlo n either uner voltge rely n trting filure; generting joule het on the wining of ttor n mge the wining inultion n o, reue the motor life. On the other hn, exeive elertion of rotor y the full voltge trting, when the mehnil lo i mll, n proue torque oilltion in the hft uing evere wer to trnmiion, ger n rive [3-5]. euing trting urrent not only reue the tree on the power utility uipment, ut lo eree the tree on the motor n riven uipment. Mny metho re ue to oft trtup of IM, epeilly in e of ig motor in literture n lo thoe ompre eh other [6-13]. In thi pper, Fult urrent limiter for the oft trting of IM i introue. Be of thi truture opertion i tegorize in the primry reitne oft trting. Thee type of oft trter inert reitne in one or more often in eh of the phe onnetion to the ttor t trtup. Two ontrol metho of the propoe truture re preente. Thi truture with it ontrol metho i le to limit the trting urrent n minimize the torque pultion of motor y inerting the ontrolle reitor to the urrent pth. Anlytil nlye re preente n imultion reult provie y PSCAD/EMTDC oftwre to how the performne n effetivene of the propoe FCL. II. INDUCTION MOTO EQUATIONS Equivlent iruit of IM i hown in Fig. 1. At the firt moment of trting, lip,, h vlue ner to 1. So, the 1 vlue of r will e negligile. Coniering Fig. 1, uivlent impene of IM, t the firt moment of trting n e written follow: Z ( r jx ) ( jx ) ( r jx ) 1 1 m Therefore, trting urrent of IM n e lulte y (). 1 I U Z whih U i the utility voltge. Strting torque of IM n e hieve y (3). T t 3pU r fz. tht p n f re motor pole numer n oure frueny, repetively. I1 U r1 x1 r x xm 1- Figure 1. Single phe uivlent iruit of IM r

2 Strting urrent of IM h trnient prt tht i ue y lekge n mgnetizing inutne. Thi trnient urrent le to torque pultion t the firt moment of trting. Mgnitue of trnient urrent epen on the vlue of 1 Z n it urtion i relte to the time ontnt of Z ; it men L, whih L n re the uivlent inutne n reitne of Z, repetively. When inree, vlue n time ontnt of Z eree. A reult, trnient prt of trting urrent n torque pultion will e minimize n mpe uring hort time. To inree, it i poile to inert reitne in erie with IM (primry reitor). Vrition of time ontnt veru primry reitne i hown in Fig.. Three iue re oniere in trting IM: trting urrent, trting time n torque pultion. Thee iue re in re t the vriou metho of trting. Next etion el with the propoe truture n it effet on them. III. OPEATION PINCIPLES OF THE POPOSED FCL AS A SOFT AND FAST STATE Three phe power iruit topology of the propoe FCL i hown in Fig. 3. Thi topology i ompoe of three min prt whih re follow: 1. A three phe trnformer in erie with utility tht i nme ioltion trnformer.. A three phe ioe rige retifier. 3. A elf emionutor turn off with in prllel with lrge reitor ( ). Thi prt of FCL h the min effet in limiting urrent. In the norml opertion of power network, the elf turn with i ON n the reitne i ype. If the mll voltge rop on the emionutor evie i neglete, totl voltge ro the propoe FCL i lmot zero. So, it h not ny effet on the norml opertion of power ytem. In ition, mll retor ( L ) i ple in erie with the elf turn off with to protet it gint evere i t. By eginning the trting proe of IM, the line urrent, il () t, n onuently the ie urrent, i () t, rie rpily. When i () t rehe to pre-efine vlue, I 0, the elf turn off with trt to with with peil frueny, f, n uty yle, D, whih re riven y the ontrol iruit. Therefore, The propoe FCL inert ontrolle vlue of the reitne to the urrent pth. However, if D i oniere 1, uivlent reitne will e in the mximum vlue. In the other wor, the elf turn of with i OFF uring the propoe FCL' opertion. In thi onition, note tht the vlue of reitne i ontnt vlue. During fult urrent limiting, to hieve eire vlue of reitne from power ytem point of view,, the reltion etween n (uivlent verge of reitne in ie of the FCL) houl e lulte. By negleting power loe in ioe rige retifier n elf turn off with, (4) n e expree follow: P P (4) where, P i ie tive power of the propoe FCL n P i it ie tive power. So: where: Conuently: Vm 3 V D VD (5) 6 in( ) Vm (6) 3 18 In ition, the vlue of follow: (7) n e lulte from D n (1 D) (8) Therefore, for given n y oniering the efine funtion for D from 0 to 1, it i poile to hve eire vlue of reitne on the ie of the propoe FCL n ontrol the trting urrent n torque pultion to the eire level. Soure ie Figure. Time ontnt repet to primry reitne Ioltion Trnformer D1 D3 D5 Self turn off with EPH EPH EPH Dioe Brige V D L L D4 D6 D Primry Sie Seonry Sie F Lo ie Figure 3. Single phe power iruit topology of the propoe oft trter

3 The propoe FCL hve two ontrol metho for oft trting of IM follow: A. Contnt urrent trting B. Minimize torque pultion trting A. Contnt urrent trting In thi metho, the propoe truture houl inert the reitne to the network n ontrol the level of IM' trting urrent. Note tht thi vlue for reitne i ontnt vlue ue to ontnt vlue of 0 for D. Contnt urrent trting whih ontrol the trting urrent level inree the time of trting. B. Minimize torque pultion trting Minimizing oth torque pultion n trting time of IM whih le to oft n ft trting for IM i the min pproh of the propoe FCL. For thi purpoe, vrile reitne whih h lrge vlue t the firt moment of the trting n mll vlue t the en i ue. The propoe oft trter n mke time vrile reitne in the power ytem ue to it ontrol metho. It i ler tht D my hnge in time irete mnner in eh withing perio of elf turn off with. So, the vlue of n onuently in eh withing intervl i ontrolle. By inreing withing frueny poile, n lmot mooth vrition of D n onuently n will e generte. However, ome tehnil iue mut e tken to ount uh voltge rop on with, power loe n withing frueny uring the high level of urrent. Some wy uh uing uxiliry iruit n prllel-erie onnetion of elf turn off withe hve een introue whih re pplile to tify the ruirement of wie rnge of power pplition [14]. By hooing rmp funtion for D tht vrie from 0 to 1, hown in Fig. 4, will vry from to 0. So, will e hnge from mximum to zero. By thi pproh, firt trnient n lrge pultion of torque will e mpe, ue to lrge reitne vlue uring the firt moment of trting. Furthermore, IM will trt in le time, eue of ereing vlue of reitne in trting intervl. The ontrol iruit of thi metho n mple ignl of elf turn off with re hown in Fig. 5. IV. SIMULATION ESULTS Power ytem hemti of Fig. 6 i ue for imultion. Prmeter of imultion re preente in Tle I. Three et of imultion re performe n their reult re preente in thi etion. Signl Level mp Genertor 1 0 L I 0 Duty Cyle Crrier () Time () Crrier frueny: f Gte pole of elf turn off with Swithing with inreing uty yle D = 0 D = 1 Figure 5. () Control iruit of torque minimizing trtup n () mple ignl of IGBT in thi moe Soure prmeter FCL t Lo t Motor t Trnformer v (t )=V m in(ωt) PCC CB1 CB FCL Lo Figure 6. Power ytem hemti TABLE I. Power oure Trnformer t ie prmeter Lo 1 Lo Eletril t Mehnil t SIMULATION PAAMETES IM Lo 1 13kV, L-L MS, 50Hz, L 0.03H 13/13.8 kv, 5MVA, 0.0 pu 8, L 0.03H Voltge rop on ioe =3V L1=5Ω, L L1=0.0 H L=5Ω, L L=0.15 H 13.8 kv, 1.MVA pu, L pu Dmping = 0.01 pu Duty Cyle Time () Figure 4. mp funtion for D Set 1: Diret-On-Line (DOL) trting of motor i imulte n reult of thi imultion re hown in Fig. 7. Strting proe egin t t 0.5. Fig. 7 how the pee vrition of motor for thi trting moe. The torque vrition urve of e tuy in thi trting metho i hown in Fig. 7. It i oerve tht the torque pultion our t the firt moment of trting. Point of ommon oupling (PCC) voltge i preente in Fig. 7. Due to the lrge urrent level, there i high voltge rop

4 on PCC whih ffet other lo. The urrent of motor t thee moment eome 1400A n h uneire wing (Fig. 7). Thi lrge urrent ettle to norml tte vlue t t 1.5, i.e. the motor trt up in 1 eon. Set : The propoe oft trter with ontnt urrent trting metho i imulte n hown in Fig. 8. In thi metho, elf turn off with i off (D=0) n the fix vlue of the propoe FCL' reitne enter in erie to the urrent p. Spee n torque vrition urve re hown in Fig. 8 n 8, repetively. In omprion with DOL trting, torque pultion in thi metho re le thn the DOL trting. But the urtion of trting proe i lrger. In ition, uneire wing of urrent re not exit nymore. Fig. 8 preent PCC voltge. Beue of limiting hrteriti of the propoe FCL, voltge rop i negligile. Fig. 8 how the urrent of IM in thi trting moe whih i pproximtely 850 A n h ontnt vlue in trting intervl. It i returne to the norml opertion level t t 3.5 (IM trt up in 3 eon). The FCL' reitne vlue i hown in Fig. 8e. For 15 n oniering (7), i ul to 8.. A reult, there i goo greement etween imultion reult n nlytil nlyi. Set 3: the propoe FCL with minimize torque pultion trting ontrol metho i imulte. Fig. 9 how reult of thi trting metho. Torque, pee n PCC voltge urve re hown in Fig. 9, 9 n 9, repetively. It i ler tht there i not ny ignifint voltge rop on PCC voltge. The urrent level in thi metho i not ontnt (Fig. 9), ut, pultion of the torque re minimize in goo mnner. Due to the rmp funtion of D, the propoe truture h mximum vlue of reitne t the firt moment of trting n eree until the en of IM' trting up (Fig. 9e n 9f). So trting time i horter thn ontnt urrent metho. To um up, the DOL trting metho i goo for e tht the time of trting i importnt. But, thi metho i not reommene. A mentione efore, on the one hn, ue to high trting urrent n generte joule het in wining, IM houl hve goo wining therml propertie n eue of high torque pultion, IM nee trong mehnil onnetion. On the other hn, voltge rop on prllel lo will e onierle. Generlly, for motor whih h wek het ink in it wining, ontnt urrent trting i etter, eue the urrent level in trting urtion i ontrolle. Finlly, for motor with wek mehnil onnetion n mile het ink in it wining, minimize torque pultion trting metho will e goo hoie n the importnt feture of thi metho i oth oft n ft trting IM. However, for etter omprion of three trting metho, their repone to importnt ftor of trting re preente in Tle II. e Figure 7. Diret-On-Line (DOL) trting: () pee, () torque, () PCC voltge, () urrent Figure 8. Contnt urrent trting: () pee, () torque, () PCC voltge, () urrent, (e) The propoe FCL' impene in ie

5 Figure 9. Minimize torque pultion trting: () pee, () torque, () PCC voltge, () urrent, (e) The propoe FCL' impene in ie, (f) uty yle. TABLE II. e f COMPAISON OF METHODS Strting urrent Strting time Strting torque pultion DOL trting high hort high Contnt urrent low long low Firt hort n Minimize torque moment: loe to DOL pultion low trting low V. CONCLUSION In thi pper, the propoe ontrollle reitive type fult urrent limiter for the oft n ft trting of inution motor h een preente. Two ontrol metho inluing ontnt urrent trting n minimize torque pultion trting hve een propoe. Anlyti nlye n imultion y PSCAD/EMTDC oftwre hve een one for the propoe truture in etil. Simple truture n imple ontrol ytem re the min vntge of the propoe FCL. On the one hn, it h een hown tht the ontnt urrent metho of trting h goo performne for oft trting up of IM from trting urrent view point ut trting time i lrge. On the other hn, the minimize torque pultion trting metho offer oth goo mping hrteriti for torque oilltion in the firt moment of trting n lower trting up time of IM in omprion with the ontnt urrent metho. In generl, thi truture n mke fe, oft n ft trting up onition for inution motor. EFEENCES [1] Y. Youxin, X. Zezhong, W. Yln, Y. Peigng, P. Wnqun, A Soft trter of three phe Aynhronou motor, Power Eletroni Speilit Conferene(PESC) IEEE, pp , 007. [] L. qing, L. Gungfu, H. xing, J. Mfiho, Energy Conervtion of A Novel Soft Strter Controlle y IGBT for Inution Motor with Minimum Current, IEEE Interntionl Sympoium on Inutril Eletroni, vol.. pp , 004. [3] G. Zenginouz, I. Çırı, M. Ermi, C. Brlk, Soft Strting of Lrge Inution Motor t Contnt Current With Minimize Strting Torque Pultion, IEEE Trn., Inutry Appl., vol. 37, no. 5, pp , Sept [4] G. Zenginouz, I. Çırı, M. Ermi, C. Brlk, Performne Optimiztion of Inution Motor During Voltge-Controlle Soft Strting, IEEE Trn.,Energy Converion, vol. 19, no., pp , June 004. [5] A. Gtli, M. M. Ahme, ANN-Be Soft Strting of Voltge- Controlle-Fe IM Drive Sytem, IEEE Trn.,Energy Converion, vol. 0, no. 3, pp , Sept [6] L. Ghohni, B. ehi, F. Kour, M. Elleuh, M. Aii, Comprion Among Eletroni Strt up Metho For Inution Motor, 7th Interntionl Multi-Conferene on Sytem, Signl n Devie,IEEE, pp. 1-7, 010. [7] M. Ayyu, ANFIS Be Soft-Strting n Spee Control of AC Voltge Controller Fe Inution Motor, IEEE Power Ini Conferene, 006. [8] J. Oliveir, A. Nie,. Di, L. C. Mrque, Diret Torque Control of Inution Motor Soft Strting, Power Eletroni Conferene, IEEE, pp , 009. [9]. Hii, I. Mzhri, A. Kzemi, Simultion of Inution Motor Strting With SVC, n IEEE Conferene on Inutril Eletroni n Applition, pp , 007. [10] V. V. Stry, M.. Pr, T. V. Sivkumr, Optiml Soft Strting of Voltge-Controller-Fe IM Drive Be on Voltge Aro Thyritor, IEEE Trn.,Power Ele. Vol. 1, no. 6, pp , Nov [11] A. Nie, J. Oliveir,. F. Cmpo,. P. Di, L. C. S. Mrque, Soft Strting of Inution Motor With Torque Control,, IEEE Trn., Inutry Appl., vol. 46, no. 3, pp , My/June 010. [1] Zh. She, J. Liu, B. Zhng, Y. Peng, eerh on High Torque Soft Strter of Inution Motor Be on Direte Frueny, Interntionl Conferene on Intelligent Control n Informtion Proeing, pp , Aug [13] Chi-Chou Yeh, Neel A. O. Demerh, Fult-Tolernt Soft Strter Control of Inution Motor With eue Trnient Torque Pultion, IEEE Trn.,Energy Converion, vol. 4, no. 4, pp , De [14] S.B. Neri, M. Jfri, M. Trft Hgh, "Controllle eitive type Fult Current Limiter with Fruey n Pule Duty Cyle," Int. Journl of Elet. Power n Energy Sy., vol. 61, no. 10, pp , 014.