AC/DC/AC Converters: Two-Level and Multilevel VSI

Transcription

1 Sortes Ersmus Visit A/D/A onerters: Two-Leel nd Multileel VSI Josep Pou Antoni Aris Pge 1

2 Sortes Ersmus Visit Outline 1. Two-Leel Inerter 2. Multileel Inerters - sde H-Bridge Inerter - Flying-pitor Inerter - Diode-lmped Inerter 3. Bk-to-Bk onnetion Pge 2

3 Sortes Ersmus Visit Outline 1. Two-Leel Inerter 2. Multileel Inerters - sde H-Bridge Inerter - Flying-pitor Inerter - Diode-lmped Inerter 3. Bk-to-Bk onnetion Pge 3

4 Sortes Ersmus Visit 1. Two-Leel Three-Phse Inerter Grid-onneted inerter id ip d i Rp R p d 2 d 2 i 2 () 2 s s () s s () s s () i, i, i L e, e, e (n) R Pge 4

5 Pge 5 Sortes Ersmus Visit = = = n n n e Ri dt di L e Ri dt di L e Ri dt di L Modeling the A Side ( ) ( ) 3 n e e e i i i R dt i i i d L = ( ) 3 n e e e = = i i i e e e,, (n) L R i i i,,

6 Pge 6 Sortes Ersmus Visit ( ) ( ) ( ) = = = n n n e Ri L dt di e Ri L dt di e Ri L dt di ( ) ( ) = = = = = n n i i i dt e Ri L di i dt e Ri L di i 1 1 Modeling the A Side

7 Sortes Ersmus Visit Mtl-Simulink Model Pge 7

8 Sortes Ersmus Visit Modeling the D Side i i Rp = i = d R i d p Rp i p = d dt d d id R p i Rp i ip d d 1 d = i d ip dt Rp Pge 8

9 Sortes Ersmus Visit Mtl-Simulink Model d 1 d = dd = i i dt d p Rp Pge 9

10 Sortes Ersmus Visit onerter i p = = = = s ( s ( s ( s i 1 ) d 2 1 ) d 2 1 ) d 2 s i s i d d 2 d 2 i p 2 () 2 s s () s s () s () s i i i Pge 1

11 Sortes Ersmus Visit Mtl-Simulink Model Pge 11

12 Sortes Ersmus Visit Modultion (Sinusoidl PWM) Pge 12

13 Sortes Ersmus Visit ontrol Voltge Oriented ontrol (VO) E L * V D Voltge ontroller * I d urrent ontroller Δ d d D i d ω L i q -ω L * = I q urrent ontroller Δ q q Pge 13

14 Sortes Ersmus Visit Simultion Progrm Pge 14

15 Sortes Ersmus Visit Simultion Results Min dt: V LRMS =4V, f=5hz, L=6mH, R=.1Ω, =22μF, V d *=75 V, f s =5kHz. Prtiulr dt: R p =1Ω, I d =, I q *= 8 6 d 4 e e e (V), (A) 2 i *1 i *1 i * Time (s) Pge 15

16 Sortes Ersmus Visit Simultion Results Min dt: V LRMS =4V, f=5hz, L=6mH, R=.1Ω, =22μF, V d *=75 V, f s =5kHz. Prtiulr dt: R p =1kΩ, I d =1A, I q *= 8 6 d 4 e e e (V), (A) 2 i *1 i *1 i * Time (s) Pge 16

17 Sortes Ersmus Visit Simultion Results Min dt: V LRMS =4V, f=5hz, L=6mH, R=.1Ω, =22μF, V d *=75 V, f s =5kHz. Prtiulr dt: R p =1kΩ, I d =, I q *=2A 8 6 d (V), (A) 4 2 e e e i *1 i *1 i * Pge 17

18 Sortes Ersmus Visit Outline 1. Two-Leel Inerter 2. Multileel Inerters - sde H-Bridge Inerter - Flying-pitor Inerter - Diode-lmped Inerter 3. Bk-to-Bk onnetion Pge 18

19 Sortes Ersmus Visit 2. Multileel Inerters Multileel inerters n proide more thn two oltge leels t the outputs. Min dntges ompred with the two-leel inerter: - high qulity of the output oltge spetr nd - lrger oltges tht n e hndled. Suitle for high-power pplitions. Min multileel topologies: - (1) sde H-ridge inerter, - (2) floting-pitor inerter, nd - (3) diode-lmped inerter. Pge 19

20 Sortes Ersmus Visit (1) sde H-Bridge Inerters V D V D V D V D V D V D Pge 2

21 Sortes Ersmus Visit Three-Leel Bsi Struture V D s H s L s H s L V -V V D V D V D ontrol funtions: s H nd s H s H s H off off off on V D on off -V D on on Pge 21

22 Sortes Ersmus Visit Een Numer of Leels V D V D V D V D V D V D n= 2h1 n: numer of output leels (per phse) h: numer of sded H ells Pge 22

23 Sortes Ersmus Visit sded Fie-Leel Inerter V D V D s H2 s H1 s H2 s H1 s H2 off off off off off off off off on on on on on on on on s H2 off off off off on on on on off off off off on on on on s H1 s H1 off off off on V D on off -V D on on off off V D off on 2V D on off on on V D off off -V D off on on off -2V D on on -V D off off off on -V D on off V D on on Pge 23

24 Sortes Ersmus Visit Modultion Tehniques Exmple: Sinusoidl PWM (SPWM) in Fie-Leel Inerter 2 V D V D s H2 s H2 1.5 V D V D.5 V D s H1 s H1 -.5 V D V D -V D 1.5 V D -2 V D Time (ms) Pge 24

25 Sortes Ersmus Visit Min Fetures - Modulr topologies. Very interesting for prtil implementtion. - Min drwk: isolted D oltge soures re required. - Isoltion is not neessry for pplitions suh s tie filtering nd retie ompenstion. In those ses, pitors re used to proide D oltges. Their oltges he to e ontrolled using redundnt sttes of the onerter. - As mny unities s neessry n e onneted in sde. Therefore, ny A oltge leel n e hieed. Pge 25

26 Sortes Ersmus Visit (2) Flying-pitor (F) Multileel Inerter Three-leel Topology V D f f f f f f Pge 26

27 Sortes Ersmus Visit Imrite ells s H2 s H2 s H1 V D V D V D 2 f s H1 s L1 i V V D V D D 2 i f1 f i s L2 s L2 s L1 - Eh leg of the onerter is mde up from set of ells (imrite ells). The output oltge is synthesized y onneting numer of ells (pitors) in series. - S Hi nd S Li, with i = {1, 2}, must e in opposite sttes to oid short-iruits. Pge 27

28 Sortes Ersmus Visit F Four-Leel Topology f2 f1 f2 f1 f2 f1 V D Pge 28

29 Sortes Ersmus Visit Imrite ells in n n-leel F Inerter s H(n-1) s H(n-2)... s H3 s H2 s H1 V D V D n n 2 1 V D i f(n-2)... 2V D n 1 i f 2 V D n 1 i f1 f(n-2) f 2 f1 i s L(n-1) s L(n-2)... s L3 s L2 s L1 Voltges on the floting pitors re different. Pge 29

30 Sortes Ersmus Visit Min Fetures F multileel topologies require lrge numer of pitors, speilly in high-order strutures (n>3). Prehrge of the flying pitors is required. Voltges on the flying pitors n e ontrolled. Eh leg regultes the oltges on their pitors independently of the others. Pge 3

31 Sortes Ersmus Visit (3) Diode-lmped Inerters Three-leel diode-lmped inerter = Neutrl-Point-lmped (NP) Inerter 2 2 i D 1 (NP) 1 i 1 i i Pge 31

32 Sortes Ersmus Visit NP Inerter Opertion priniples s 1 s 2 i V D 1 1 V D 1 1 s s 1 s 2 s s 1 s 2 s i i Funtionl digrm Two onseutie swithes must e in on-stte Pge 32

33 Sortes Ersmus Visit Neutrl-Point Voltge Osilltions V D 1 1 Time, t A low-frequeny osilltion my pper in the neutrlpoint (NP) oltge. Pge 33

34 Sortes Ersmus Visit Osilltion Are NP Voltge Osilltions Modultion Index, m urrent Phse Angle, ϕ (Degrees) Pge 34

35 ΔV 2 Sortes Ersmus Visit Voltge Osilltion Amplitude Normlized mplitude of the NP oltge ripple (ΔV NPn /2): ΔV = I NPn NP 2 RMS f ΔV NP /2 : mplitude of the NP oltge ripple I RMS : RMS output urrent f: line frequeny : lue of the D-link pitors ΔV NPn 2 ΔV NPn m=1 m=.9 m=.8 m=.7 m= Modultion Index m urrent Phse Angle (Degrees) urrent Phse Angle (Degrees) Pge 35

36 Sortes Ersmus Visit Four-Leel Diode-lmped Inerter Four-leel topology V D Pge 36

37 Sortes Ersmus Visit Four-Leel Multileel Inerter Voltge lne prolems Exmple operting under unity power ftor 8 1 m=.4 m=.5 m= / 3 i i i / 3 i i i / 3 i i i Time (ms) Time (ms) Time (ms) J. Pou, R. Pinddo, nd D. Boroyeih, Voltge-Blne Limits in Four-Leel Diode-lmped onerters With Pssie Front Ends, IEEE Trns. Ind. Eletron., ol. 52, no. 1, pp , Fe. 25. Pge 37

38 Sortes Ersmus Visit Limits of Voltge Blne Modultion Index, m Unstle Are Lod urrent Angle (Degrees) Four-Leel onerter n-leel onerter (n ) m = 3 π osϕ M. Mrhesoni nd P. Ten, Theoretil nd prtil limits in multileel MP inerters with pssie front ends, in Pro. EPE 1, Grz, Austri, Aug. 21. Pge 38

39 Sortes Ersmus Visit Outline 1. Two-Leel Inerter 2. Multileel Inerters - sde H-Bridge Inerter - Flying-pitor Inerter - Diode-lmped Inerter 3. Bk-to-Bk onnetion Pge 39

40 Sortes Ersmus Visit A-D-A NP-Bsed System Wind-Turine NP onerter Grid-onneted NP onerter Multipole Synhronous Wind Turine 2 Eletril Grid r V d i wt (NP) i g r s t 3*L g s t 1 Bk-to-k-onneted NP onerters. Exmple of pplition to MPSG wind turines. Pge 4

41 Sortes Ersmus Visit Voltge-lne Improements 1 Output Modultion Index, mo m i =.5 m i =.6 m i =.7 m i =.8 m i =.9 Pssie Front End m i =.5 m i =.6 m i =.7 m i =.8 m i = Output Phse urrent Angle, ϕ o (Degrees) onditions: onstnt output urrent (I RMSo =t.), unity input power ftor (ϕ i = o, 18 o ), nd 1% effiieny (η=1). Pge 41

42 Sortes Ersmus Visit Mtl-Simulink Simultion Pltform Pge 42

43 Sortes Ersmus Visit Simultion Results Two-phse oltge dip proess with fifth hrmoni (V) 4 2 r s t Utility Voltges Time, s Positie-Sequene Phse Angle (rd) 8 Rel Angle Deteted Angle Time, s (V),(A) 1 V d/1 75 Utility urrents nd D-Link Voltge 5 25 i r i s i t Time, s Pge 43

44 Sortes Ersmus Visit Remrks Multileel topologies n e pplied to high-power windturine systems. They re expeted to e extensiely used when the wind turines rted power rehes out 1 MW. Among the multileel topologies, the three-leel NP is the most produed used nowdys. An importnt drwk of this topology is the oltge osilltions tht my pper in the NP under some operting onditions. The k-to-k onnetion of NPs forms n A/D/A system. In suh onfigurtion the NP oltge osilltions eome signifintly ttenuted. Pge 44