Modeling and Analysis of a High-Voltage DC-DC Converter with Vin/3-Voltage Stress on the Primary s Switches

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1 Melng an naly a Hgh-ltage - nerter wth n/-ltage tre n the Prary wtche ng-tng ng*, Henry H hung*, enr Meber, EEE, aa apuh**, an nc, Fellw, EEE *ept Electrnc Engneerng ty Unerty Hng Kng Kwln ng, Kwln Hng Kng Eal: eehc@ctyueuhk **h llege Engneerng rael ept Electrcal an Electrnc Engneerng Hln nttute echnlgy 5 Glb t, P O B 5, Hln 58, rael Eal: aran@hatacl btract he elng, egn, an analy a preuly eelpe hgh-ltage c-c cnerter preente n th paper he key eature th cnerter that the ltage tre n the wtche n the cnerter nly ne-thr the nput ltage Mreer, all wtche n the cnerter are zer-ltage-wtche an the utput crcut a current trpler, that the utput current capacty an the pwer capacty the cnerter are ncreae n th paper, the relatnhp between the zer ltage wtchng Z cntn an the la current wll be rulate etale c analy wll be carre ut t calculate the eecte uty-cycle all-gnal ac el the pwer tage nclung the cntrl-t-utput an nput-t-utput traner unctn wll al be ere 48kW, /48 c-c cnerter prttype ha been bult an tete r cnrng the theretcal prectn Keywr - c/c cnern, hgh-ltage cnerter, hgh current cnerter NOUON n tay energy-ang cncu wrl, the ecency prceng electrc pwer tal prtance Electrc pwer typcally trantte t the la center n ac trann lne Hweer, n certan yte, uch a the ralway yte, t erable t trant pwer er hgh-ltage c trann lne n the ralway yte, the energy upplyng the lw-ltage equpent pwere by a hgh c ltage ypcally, the electrc pwer trantte t the tran r hgh c ltage eg 5 erhea lne an nerte nt a -phae ac ltage eg 44, 6Hz; the ac ltage urther tranre an recte nt a c ltage eg r chargng up the backup battere an pwerng aru cntrl unt n the tran he wrk ecrbe n th paper wa ully upprte by a grant r the eearch Grant uncl the Hng Kng pecal ntrate egn, hna Prject N: tyu 46 t energy-necent t ue a lw-requency ac ltage a the ean t perr the c-c cnern r hgh ltage t lw ltage e, r 5 t n ecent apprach wul be t perr the pwer cnern prce thrugh a hgh-requency ac ltage eg hgh-requency c-c cnerter Etng c-c cnerter peratng at hgh nput ltage hae t utan hgh ltage tre eg wtche n ull-brge cnerter FB hae the ltage tre the nput ltage; whle the three-leel cnerter [] [] an anther cnguratn wtche[], hae the ltage tre n each wtch beng ne-hal the nput ltage n atn t the ct ue, hgh-ltage wtchng ece k hae hgh n-retance r n rn B, where k [6, 6] an B the breakwn ltage hu, the cnerter peratng at hgh nput ltage generally pate a ubtantal aunt energy n the ece h lea pwer electrnc egner t eplre new pwer cnern technlge that can urther reuce the ece ltage requreent ecently, a new cnerter hwn n Fg that can urther reuce the ltage tre n the wtche ha been prpe n [5] he pwer wtche are arrange n three wtch par he -pnt the three wtch par are cnnecte t the prary e a -phae elta hgh-requency tranrer thrugh tw c blck capactr he new cnerter achee the llwng gal: he ltage tre n each prary wtch nly ne-thr the nput ltage; ll the wtche are turne n an wth Z he utput recter a current trpler [4] that ha a hgh utput current capablty h paper ge etale an analy the new cnerter, cntn t acltate Z r the wtche, an hence, egn crtera r the cnerter /7/$ 7 EEE 75

2 Fg rcut cheatc Operatng e Me Me Me Me 4 Me 5 Me 6 Energy traner t -t Free-wheelng t -t Energy traner t -t 4 Free-wheelng t 4 -t 5 Energy traner t 5 -t 6 Free-wheelng t 6 -t 7 On-wtche, 4, 6, 4, 6,, 6, 4, 6, 4, 5, 4, 6 - XY YZ - ZX - X Y - - Z - XY YZ ZX / / / / y Z / / able Me Operatn rcut tructure PNPE OF OPEON he crcut cheatc the prpe cnerter hwn n Fg hree wtch par, P, P, an P, are cnnecte acr,, an acr the nput ltage an hare the ltage /, repectely he tw wtche n each par are perate n ant-phae hu, the ltage tre n all wtche / he -pnt the wtch par are cnnecte t a elta-cnnecte tranrer thrugh c blckng capctr X an Z 75

3 - t 6-6, n the wtch par are ue t pre zer-ltage Z wtchng cntn r all wtche, n rer t reuce the wtchng le; he utput crcut a three-phae recter, naely a current trpler a n [4] - an etenn the current ubler, wth an erall ncreae the utput current capacty B Me Operatn the tng agra n Fg an e peratn n able are hwn, th cnerter ha an peratng tage n each tage, three ut the prary wtche e, 6 are wtche n, an tw ut the three e n the utput recter are naturally n he wtchng pattern apple t the wtch par hae a phae erence : n eery wtchng cycle, the upper wtche the three wtchng par,, 5 are turne-n at, /, / repectely an cnucte r / t perr the energy traner tage Me, Me, Me 5, ther te all the lwer wtche, 4, 6 are n t perr reewheelng tage a hwn n able hu the ltage pruce at the ne X, Y, an Z hae phae erence he utput ltage can be ajute by uty cycle, whch cntrlle the turn-n te the upper wtch n each wtch par the ltage n the tranrer wnng are zer urng the ree-wheelng tage, the current are the ae a the energy traner tage ahea the, a hwn n able EY-E HE teay-tate erage ltage X an Z Fg a hw the waer the ltage ab acr the ne a an b n Fg the uratn [t, t ] an [t, t 4 ] are equal, the aerage alue ab / the teay-tate aerage ltage acr each tranrer wnng zer e, XY YZ ZX, the aerage ltage X larly, by cnerng the ne b an c, the aerage ltage al B Eecte uty ycle he prary uty cycle, a eterne by the cntrller, the cnerter ene a t t / where t 7 t the wtchng per Fg a hw the key waer acate wth the wtch par P he eecte uty cycle e the cnerter hul be the actual energy traner per t ne-thr the wtchng per: ' e t t / ter cpletely charge an turn n at t, XY equal /, the current X tart ncreang r t n he ltage recter e, zer urng, becaue X <, cnuctng Fg b hw the equalent crcut n the tranrer prary e, when the cnerter current change t rectn wth the leakage nuctr at the begnnng Me he tranrer leakage nuctance n three wnng eterne the uratn t an, XY, YZ, ZX t can be hwn that Z where / X t' t' t t z t 5 X t he teay-tate rpple current equal t e 4 Fg ng agra the prpe cnerter hu, the current, at t ' t t, t an t 5 are equal t 75

4 e t ' 5 e t 6 t5 t e 7 b Equalent crcut at begnnng Me Hence, e 8 Z ntn gant the a range he la range eterne by the cntn r enurng Z he cntn changng the upper wtch t the lwer wtch n each wtch par erent r the ne changng r the lwer wtch t the upper wtch he peratn P are cue a llw / / / / / ab XY X e / / y z t t t t t 4 t 5 t 6 t 7 a wtchng charactertc acate wth P cequalent crcut r Z between Me 6 an Me Fg wtchng charactertc acate wth P ner the peratn r Me t Me changng r upper wtch t lwer wtch an r energy traner t reewheelng turne at t an turne n ater t, whch ene a the ea te Prr t nterchangng the ptn an, the agntue the -pnt current X equal / an kept urng the Z becaue the la current can at Z the wtche hu, the nu la current,n eterne the peratng range t ha t aty the capactr chargng cntn t > 9,n ner the peratn r Me 6 t Me changng lwer wtch t upper wtch an r ree-wheelng t energy traner tage, turne at t 6 an turne n ater t When bth an are, X ecreae h ake the three utput e, y an z cnuct Fg c hw the equalent crcut beng charge r / t zer an beng charge r zer t / nly by the energy n the leakage nuctr n tranrer By cnerng the 75

5 bunary cntn ung all leakage nuctr energy r chargng an chargng the junctn capactance, > > Equatn ge the nu requre la current r enurng Z r Me 6 t Me By ubttutng nt 9, t can be hwn that t > t nte that the uratn th Z trantn hrt, a cpare wth he -pnt current egne t ary lghtly wthn t h can be achee by ncreang the alue all-gnal haractertc Fr the ake plcty n the analy, all cpnent are aue t be eal an y z nce the cutatn uratn the wtch par are ery hrt, they are al neglecte n the analy he equalent utput crcut Me t Me 6 are hwn n Fg 4 Each ne can be ecrbe by the general r k Bk u where k 6 the e peratn, [ y z ], [ ], u, / / / k, B, / / / / / / B B4 B6, B, an B 5 / he all-gnal charactertc the cnerter tue by ntrucng ac perturbatn nt, e,,, an that e e e ; ; 4 where, e,,, an are the teay-tate alue, e,,, an, repectely By puttng, 4 nt 8 t can be hwn that e e 5 nce y z, where,, an Fg4 Equalent crcut the e hwn n Fg ntrl-t-utput traner unctn By applyng the tate-pace aeragng eth, ag Bag u 6 ag 7 where an u are the aerage tate ectr an nput ectr, repectely,, ag e B ag B B B 5 e B k e ag, an u By ntrucng ac perturbatn nt 6 an 7, & ag Bag u Bag u 8 9 where e ag B an ag By puttng an ung 5, e B ag [ ], 754

6 By ubttutng - nt 8, t can be hwn that ag hu, by ung 9 an, t can be hwn that the cntrl-t-utput traner unctn G equal t G ag ag 9 / B nput-t-output raner Functn By puttng nt 5, e 4 By puttng 4 nt 8, t can be hwn that e ag 5 hu, the nput-t-utput traner unctn G eterne by ung 5 an 9 that 9 e G 6 By ubttutng nt 6, the c ltage cnern rat υ equal e 9 υ 7 n the eal tuatn that an, the eal alue υ, eal υ, eal 9 υ 8 Eperental eult 48kW 48/ c-c cnerter prttype ha been bult wth 5:4 he leakage nuctance each wnng the tranrer 6µH he nnal nput ltage he eperental ltage waer 5 an 6, an Z are hwn n Fg 5 her ltage tree are nly ne-thr the nput ltage Fg 6 hw the ltage an current waer e y an y the utput recter an the ltage acr the tranrer wnng XY, YX he waer are lar t the theretcal waer hwn n Fg Fg5 he ltage waer 5 an 6 [ 5 an 6 : /] an Z [/] Z

7 Be agra y YX Magntue B y Fg 6 ltage y an current y the ecnary recter, an ltage n ne the tranrer wnng ZY [ y : 5/, y :/, YX : 5/] [ebae: µ/] Fg 7 hw the theretcal an eperental all-gnal charactertc the cnerter he ecency hgher than 85% thrughut the peratng range hey are n cle agreeent Phae eg Frequency Hz a G [heretcal] nclun new c/c cnerter whch can hanle bth hgh nput ltage an hgh la current prpe r hgh ltage hgh pwer applcatn he ltage tre the wtche reult n nly ne-thr the nput ltage, thu requrng wtche lw-ltage ratng an lw n-tate retance he utput ltage cntrlle by ajutng the uty cycle the wtche n each wtche par, all wtche are t-wtche he peratng prncple the cnerter hae been entrate an tue wth a 48kW, /48 yte, eaturng a hgh ecency n prceng the energy EFEENE [] J Pnher an Barb, he three-leel Z-PWM cnerter a new cncept n hgh-ltage -t- cnern, EEE EON n,99, pp7-78 [] J Pnher an Barb, he three-leel Z-PWM -t- cnerter, EEE ran Pwer Electrn, l 8, pp , Oct 99 [] Barb, Gule, el, an N kal, - cnerter: ur wtche B pkb B nb /, capacte turn- nubbng, Z turn-n, EEE ran Pwer Electrn, l 9, n 4, pp 98-97, Jul 4 [4] M Xu, J Zhu, an F ee, current-trpler c/c cnerter, EEE ran Pwer Electrn, l 9, n, pp 69-7, May 4 [5] latkc, J abate, ley an F ee, all gnal analy phae-ht PWM cnerter, EEE ran Pwer Electrn, l7, n, pp 8-4, Jan 99 [6] ng, H hung, an nc, Hgh-ltage - nerter wth w ltage tre an Output urrent rpler, n Prc EEE Pwer Electrn pec n, pp 999-5, Krea, 6 Magntue B Phae eg b G [Eperental] Be agra 4 Frequency Hz c G [heretcal] G [Eperental] Fg 7 Eperental an theretcal all-gnal charactertc 756