ANALOG ELECTRONICS DR NORLAILI MOHD NOH
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1 24 ANALOG LTRONIS lass 5&6&7&8&9 DR NORLAILI MOHD NOH
2 3.3.3 n-ase cnfguatn V V Rc I π π g g R V /p sgnal appled t. O/p taken f. ted t ac gnd. The hybd-π del pdes an accuate epesentatn f the sall-sgnal beha f the tansst ndependent f the ccut cnfguatn. Hwee, f the cn-, the hybd-π del beces tughe t analyze as the dependent cuent suce s cnnected between the /p and /p tenals. 2
3 T splfy the analyss f a cn- () aplfe, use a T- del nstead. The T-del at lw feq: e g Hybd-π π del at lw feq: π e g β π g π e β β α g g g π π g g β β g 3
4 tplgy: T-del: e - g π g R V V Rc V e e e ge R R T-del f the tplgy: R 4
5 e e e ge R e R The s/c tanscnductance: The nput esstance: The utput esstance: /c unladed ltage gan, a g R e gr e 0 R G e g g 0 e e R e t t e e R R 0 and 0 e e/e 0 e e R e R e a g g e e g e ge R R t 0 R R t 5
6 a g g e e e/e 0 e α α Snce,, then g g a g F the cnfguatn: F the cnfguatn: R β π g R α e g R _ > R _ R α R R _ β β a_ α a β In tes f /p esstance and cuent gan, a _ β _ < a _ a α a a _ β _ β _ the aplfe pefs bette than. 6
7 n-tte μ n-ase π μ π g V n-ase π R e g e gv μ - μ π μ μ R µ s between -. At hgh feqs., capacte cpnents ae dnant. F, µ s between /p and /p. Hence, at hgh-feqs., thee wll be a feedback f /p t /p. F, /p s at and /p s at. Theefe, µ wll nt cause a feedback at hgh-feqs. ccuts ae used f hgh-feq. applcatn. 7
8 e cnfguatn e R e ge In cnfguatn, R R R R cnfguatn π gv R In cnfguatn, R R // If R, R _ and R _ Unde ths cndtn, R _ > R _ esdes usng the as hgh feq. aplfe, t can als be used as a cuent suce whse cuent s nealy ndependent f the ltage acss t (.e. g e ) 8
9 3.3.4 n-gate (G) cnfguatn. V n V DD R D V I/p sgnal s appled t the S. O/p s taken f the D. G s cnnected t the ac gnd. The analyss f G aplfes can be splfed f the del s changed f a hybd-π t a T- del. ac del f FT ac del f G 9
10 G D n S g R D S n T-del f G g sg G g sg R D D Hybd-π del f FT G sg g g n sg 0 S n R sg g G gsg 0 D R n sg R g t t R R 0 D S n 0 g g sg 0 G g sg0 D t R D 0 t
11 S n sg g G g sg R D D a g sgrd n 0 sg grd S n sg g G gsg 0 D a g 0 g sg sg g g
12 3.3.6 n-cllect () cnfguatn (tte fllwe) V π g R S s V IAS I c R L Sall sgnal/ac/hybd-ππ del f a ccut R S s g β π V /p sgnal appled t the. /p sgnal taken f the. R R R L 2
13 π β g g g g β g β π g KL at nde, β R S s R L g β π R R R L S (R S π ) π R / 3
14 T detene R : R S s R / KL at nde, β R L g β π ( )( ) β π R L β suce π R L R L R L R β π R RL R RL Hence, ths ccut s nt unlateal as the nput esstance depends n the lad esst R L. enugh. 4
15 R β π R R L L F R wth n lad,.e. R L : R R L L R S s R ( ) β π β π R g β π R R L 5
16 T detene a : Oeall ltage gan: a / s At nde, R s g s π RL s ( s ) g π s π s π R L s π R R R R S s g β π Snce g π β, s β ( s ) R R R R a s s π s π L s π β β R R R R s π s π R L s π s π ( β ) Rs π s β R R L s π enugh. R R R L 6
17 a ( β ) R s π s β RL Rs π β β R R Rs π R s π R s π β R β ( ) ( ) ( ) L R s RL R s R L s π ( ) ( ) ( β ) Rπ R R π π L a Open-ccut eall ltage gan,.e. R L : Hence, Rs π β Rs π β β Rs R ( β ) ( ) π ( s )( L ) ( β ) L a s R s L ( ) ( R s ) ( β ) π ( β ) R L // s π R π 7
18 a ( R s π ) ( β ) L // R F the a expessn, a wll always be less than unty. ( R ) If β L // >> R s π, then a. Ths eans that the utput sgnal fllws the nput sgnal. Hence, ths tplgy s als knwn as the ette fllwe. If π >> R S, β >> and >> R L, then a π R ( β ) L Snce g π β, then a gr L gr g R L ( ) L 8
19 R S s g β π R S s g β π R R L R 0 R R T detene the sht ccut cuent gan, a : a 0 g g g π β π β ( β ) g π ( π) g a g π β a / β 9
20 R S s g β π R R R L R S T detene R : R t t s 0 π g β - t - t 20
21 R S π R S At nde, π ( ) g t t t R S π t t g t t π R Sπ R Sπ R t t β R Sπ t R enugh R S π β π g β - t - t Hence, ths ccut s nt unlateal as the utput esstance depends n the suce esstance R S. 2
22 R R S π β R S π β β R R S If β π >>, then β β R R S Snce g π β, then g β R S R If >> S β g, then R β g R R β g S R π R β L a R Sπ ( β) R L ( )( ) The ette fllwe has hgh /p esstance, lw /p esstance and nea-unty ltage gan. Theefe, t s wdely used as an pedance tansfe t educe ladng f a pecedng sgnal suce by the /p pedance f a fllwng stage. 22
23 n-dan cnfguatn (suce fllwe) V DD Sall-sgnal f FT V G D c S I V SS R L Sall-sgnal f D G gs D ggs R L S I/p sgnal appled t G. O/p sgnal taken f S. T detene the pen-ccut ltage gan, a : a R L, 0 F KVL aund the /p lp, - gs 0 gs KL at the /p nde: g gs / f R L G D gs g gs S 0 23
24 G D gs g gs S 0 g gs / gs g g g g g g a enugh If s fnte, ths gan s <. g a g If, then g a g 24
25 T detene R : R t t 0 g gs gs R L The utput esstance can be calculated by settng 0 and dng the utput wth a ltage suce t. gs g g gs t t t 25
26 gs ggs t t t gs - t gs g - s - s At the S nde, g t gst t g t R t t g If, R g 26
27 R β π g e g π g β α g ( β ) R G g g β R R RS R R β π S π π L π / b β / c. Snce g c /, π β / g β V T /I a ( ) g R g R RS π β R ( ) L a β g e α β 27
28 R edu R edu a a a p a a a a /p/p phase shft (ltage)
29 S G D R g g G g g g R a R D RD g ( ) g RD g R D g g R a S G D R R edu a < a a p a a a /p/p phase (ltage) shft L Open-ccut ltage gan (R L ), a R G Sht-ccut cuent gan (R L 0), a s R G 29
30 T geneate a T-del f a JT f a hybd-π del. The analyss a s f aplfes can be splfed f the del s changed f a hybd-π t a T-del. (a) μ V μ b μ 2 Rc b π π μμ g π π g g μ (b) 2 b π π g μ 30
31 μ (a) b μ 2 Fgue (a): Nde : b cµ µ cπ π π π g g Nde 2 : cµ µ g Fgue (b): Nde : b g cµ µ cπ π g μμ (b) 2 b π π g μ b cµ µ cπ π Nde 2: cµ µ g 3
32 Hence, the change f Fgue (a) t Fgue (b) des nt affect the cuent flwng n the. g μ b ππ ππ g g g g g μμ g b μ μ e π // g π g π g π g π e π 32
33 β π g e β β α g g g π π g g β β g g μμ μ At lw feqs., π and µ ae b neglected. Assue b 0 and. Hence, µ as µ β. e π 33
34 g μμ μ The T-del at lw feq.: b e g e π When, the ccut s sad t be unlateal as thee s n feedback f /p () t /p (). 34
35 Geneatng a T-del f an FT f a hybd-π del. VDD R D The analyss f G aplfes can be splfed f the del s changed f a hybd-π t a T-del. hybd-π f an FT hybd-π f a G G aplfe ggs gsg 35
36 s d gsg s d Fgue (b): gsg gsg Nde : S g sg Nde 2: d g sg Fgue (c): Nde : S g sg Nde 2: d g sg qual cuents ae pushed nt and pulled ut f the G as the equatns that descbe the peatn f the ccuts ae dentcal. 36
37 s d gsg gsg s sg g g sg d gsg If s fnte, the ccut s blateal because f the feedback. If, the cct. s unlateal. V DD R D F : sg g G gsg R D D 37
T-model: - + v o. v i. i o. v e. R i
T-mdel: e gm - V Rc e e e gme R R R 23 e e e gme R R The s/c tanscnductance: G m e m g gm e 0 The nput esstance: R e e e e The utput esstance: R R 0 /c unladed ltage gan, R a g R m e gmr e 0 m e g me e/e
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