Deconstructive Analysis of Maleficent Movie Abstract Irawati, Rian. Key words: deconstructive, character.

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2 Deconstructive Analysis of Maleficent Movie (Deconstruction Reading on Motherhood, Heroism and Witch in Maleficent Movie by Robert Stromberg) Rian Irawati Letters and CultureFaculty, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo 2015 Abstract Irawati, Rian. Deconstructive Analysis of Maleficent Movie. Skripsi. English Department, Letters and Culture Faculty, Gorontalo State University, 2015, Principal advisor is Prof. Dr. Hj. Moon H. Otoluwa, M.Hum; and Co Supervisor is Rosma Kadir, S.Pd., M.A. The objective of this study is to know the deconstructive analysis in movie focuses to the concept of motherhood, heroism and concept of witch. The object of this research is Maleficent movie, an American Film directed by Robert Stromberg, released in The research method in this study is descriptive qualitative method. Approach of the study is using deconstructive approach of Jacques Derrida in reading the script of the movie. The first result of the analysis in this study is showing the three figures of magic pixies appears as the strong character of motherhood concept because of their sacrifice and their efforts to survive in looking after Princess Aurora, the second is character of Diaval be the true hero in this movie based on his devotion, loyalty and integrity towards others character make Diaval appears as a hero character in this movie, and the last is the concept of witch in Maleficent character show a new view and perception about witch, that the witch is not always evil. These three concepts are finding in Maleficent movie through the deconstructive approach. It is a new perception that different from the previous perception about the characters inside the story line. It new evidence that through the deconstructive approach it can show there are many view points and sides in every single moment. Key words: deconstructive, character. 1

3 I. INTRODUCTION People are life with many values and mores in the daily activities. The unique of morals and values in every place will make a variety of culture. Not only are the variations of culture, but also there are many views in human life, which is this view will affect the behavior of someone. The judgments of people to others are not only happening in a real life, this happens in a literary work also, such as in a novel or play. It is called literary criticism; this is a discipline science that focuses to assessments a literary work. According to William Flint Thrall and Addison Hibbard in Atar Semi (Kritik Sastra: 1999, p.10) criticism is a statement, the truth of an analysis or judgment of a literary work. Based on the existence of an assessing process of the character in a literary work such as a novel or play, this is widening to assessing in the literary work be known a term called deconstructive analysis in literary criticism. The view of deconstructive firstly introduced by a phenomenal philosopher from French namely Jacques Derrida. Deconstructive has appeared to emphasize the fact to people life is multifaceted and many viewpoints exist. Nowadays, the literary world is increasingly spread its wings are more modern without losing the characteristic of a literary work. In the past, literary work just presented novel and play as a literary work that provided the story with the characters inside and all the intrinsic aspects, now come movie or film. Drama has a script so do with the movie, there is a dramatic structure and both of them need audiences to appreciate the story and all aspect inside like theme, plot, character, characterization or the value of the story. Maleficent movie is the movie that will analyze in this study through the deconstructive reading analysis. Maleficent is an American film, this movie directed by Robert Stromberg. Therefore, this study prefers to analyze the Maleficent movie focus to three concepts, they are motherhood, heroism and witch concept using the deconstructive reading analysis. The deconstructive in the movie is quite similar with the novel. It is only different in how to get the meaning on the context. In 2

4 novel it analyzes by reading the text in the novel in paragraph form, meanwhile in movie it is analyze by the script of the movie. II.THEORETICAL BASES Deconstructive Barbara Jhonson assumes deconstruction is an analysis focuses on the background of the available opportunities in the system. Every theory has a view of the foundation where it started, and the view of deconstructive began to reveals the hidden things (in Tuloli, 2000, p.59). Derrida explained that every element in the structure is part of a dynamic, so it can also be center. There is no only one center, but many centers in the structure (cited in Tuloli, 2000, p.59). To use this approach, furthermore, it is obligatory to categorize something reverse or pair thing which cannot be separated in the text. Male and female, rich and poor, beautiful and ugly, wise and arrogant are some example. It is what familiar thing called binary opposition by Derrida (Harun, 2015, p.2). Derrida conveys (as cited in Harun, 2015, p. 23) that someone who wants to criticize a reading text by deconstructive way is used: a. Find out the contradiction of two things and orders within the text (e.g., dialogue and script, environment and values, skill and modern culture, instructor and learners, complexity and superficial, etc.) b. View another viewpoint of one thing that is including in the text inversely. In other words, the viewer interprets a new meaning of something but different from the previous meaning. Character and Characterization Tuloli (2000, p.28) states character is a human that created by the author. In others ways the character in the literary work like drama or novel is described a human to complete the story which the human is created by the author of the story based on their imagination. Meanwhile, according to Waluyo that characterizations is the way the author show the characters, the types of character, and by character relationships with other elements of the story. And Boulton 3

5 argues to learn the characters in fiction can be conducted through activities, what he said about himself, and what people are saying (character) about the character (cited in, Hasran, 2014, p.5). In a character there is a characterization describes by the author and there are many ways of the author to describe the character like from the inside of the character itself (trait, lifestyle, way of thinking, etc.) or from the outside (environment, relation with other characters, activities, etc.). Motherhood Motherhood is a characteristic owned by women. In Kamus Besar Bahsa Indonesia (2015) motherhood is an adjective; like a mother (gentle, loving, and so on); female: motherhood usually fast growing feeling in girls.this term has closely related with mother. In Oxford dictionary mother is a female parent (Bull, 2011). Meanwhile in a same mind according to Cakrajati (2012) a mother has the nature of love without limit and without hope back for their children. A mother is willing to make sacrifices and lead any suffering sake of their children. Heroism Heroism sometime appears in a character through a main character in a story. A fight and a sacrifice are identical with this character involved in the story since the beginning in the storyline by the author or director. According to Artharini (2013) a hero is someone who who fought vigorously and if necessary he will sacrifice possessions and even his life in order to defend anything and everything that if considered in a right way. In the other time but still in a same view Muzakki (2015) stated that hero is someone whose deeds rewarding work for the public good. His actions have an influence on the behavior of others, as it is considered noble and beneficial to the public interests of the nation or humanity. Witch According to Bull (2011) in Oxford Learner Packet Dictionary she confirmed that a witch is women believed to have evil magic powers. 4

6 Fairy In a fairy tale stories, people even children always heard about fairy or pixy. It is a character of story that full of magic skill and likes to help people. According to Bull in Oxford Learner Packet Dictionary (2011) fairy is a small imaginary creature with magical power. Meanwhile pixy is (in stories) small creature with pointed ears that has magic power. In other word fairy and pixy are the small creature with magical power of both of them, but pixy they have the pointed ears as their characteristic. III. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH This research will use the descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative method is a study which does not use models of mathematic, statistic and computer (Malik, 2011). In addition, Bogdan and Taylor (cited in Moleong, 2006, p.4) state that qualitative method is a procedure that produces descriptive data in the written word or verbal form of people and behavior that can be observed. In other word, qualitative research is intended to penetrate to the deeper significance that the subject of the research ascribes to the topic being researched. Meanwhile the descriptive qualitative method is describes and analyzes the collected data from the text conversation in movie. This study conducts the analysis of content in the movie using the textual analysis and documentation of movie. Approach The following steps are the applied of deconstructive arranged by Rodolph Gasce (cited in Hasina Fajrin R., n,d) are: 1. Identification the hierarchy opposition, it is seen the terminology in a systematic, which are privileged and which are not; 2. Destruction of binary opposition, conducted by reversing the binary opposition marginal become dominant, and changing perspectives; 3. Reconstructive the new idea that cannot put in the previous category. 5

7 Resources of Data The primary source of data is script of the conversation or dialogue in the Maleficent movie. The conversation in the movie will be selected to use in this approach based on the focused of the study. The form of the primary data is in written form. And the secondary data is visual documentation. This is taken from the picture of movie that capturing for completing the data. Data Collection This study will collect data using techniques in reading notes or text conversation and technical visual documentation. Both techniques are combined in order to obtain the data in accordance with the directions of research. Technique of Analysis Data According to Fariska Pujiyanti (2010) in the analysis data of deconstruction there are some steps they are: 1. Structural Analysis According to Mahdan Sarup (cited in Pujiyanti, 2010) structural analysis is a part of deconstruction which states that every text has a binary logic. The purpose is to know the subject, object, motive, receiver, helper and the barrier can be known. 2. Construction (Binary-Opposition) This way of thinking sees two things in a hierarchy. The purpose is to indicate which are considered to have privileged and which are marginalized. 3. Deconstruction Deconstruction is how to read the text elements to dismantle hierarchical. The purpose is to demonstrate the new reading of the existing hierarchy. Steps are changing perspectives and reverse privilege. 4. Reconstruction (a new idea) Reconstruction is introducing a new idea that it cannot be put in the category of the old opposition. Purpose is to show that there is a new idea of deconstruction. 6

8 IV. DISCUSSION Derrida conveys (as cited in Harun, 2015, p. 23) that one of the ways for someone who wants to criticize a reading text by deconstructive way is with view another viewpoint of one thing that is including in the text inversely. In other words, the viewer interprets a new meaning of something but different from the previous meaning. This part discussed about the data that already found and showed in the findings. The three concept of this study focuses discussed with series. Concept of Motherhood The previous explanation about the concept of motherhood in Cakrajati assumption stated (2012) a mother has the nature of love without limit and without hope back for their children. A mother is willing to make sacrifices and lead any suffering sake of their children. Meanwhile, figure of the Knotgrass, Flittle and Thistletwit is present a binary opposition in this movie, they are proofing that not only a mother can have the feelings and attitude of motherhood as fairy they have the motherhood side in their self. Characters of the three pixies in the movie were showing that the sacrifice, struggle and an incredible of patient for sixteen years raising Aurora into a beautiful and a brave girl is not impossible with their basic as fairies who do not know anything to take care a humans child. One of the proofs is when the first time they are bring the Princess Aurora in the wood. The conversation is show in the conversation below: Knotgrass Knotgrass Knotgrass : No, what we need is a proper disguise. We have to be big enough to look after this baby : Now, there will be no questions asked. We are no longer fairies. We are three peasant women raising our orphan child in the woods. : So, no more flying. 7

9 In this conversation Knotgrass aware as a guardian of Aurora they have to be careful to act and say, because it can be dangerous for Aurora. One of the ways is did not using their magic during look after Princess Aurora. The reason is because it can invite the curious of people and may be endanger for Princess Aurora. Even no magic and no fly are something that impossible for a pixy but they are give it up for keep the Princess Aurora. The biggest sacrifice made by a fairy to keep a human baby. Besides in the crisis era like nowadays, the characters of three fairies bring a lot of meaning. One of them is including how the human, especially for women to take care a child or baby, not to kill them with abortion or make them as an impaction for parent s anger as is the case in society. A child is a life, a life where they need the others to survive and it was starting from an incredible figure that named mother. All of this thing, motherhood is not only for women who has children, in this movie is showing how the greater love to Aurora comes from the three pixies of the Moors. Concept of Heroism Based on the result of analyzed the data are showed that Diaval is a character in the story that worthy to be called a hero. Based on the result of analyzed the data are showed that Diaval is a character in the story that worthy to be called a hero. He is a crow that saved by Maleficent. The humility of Diaval is showed when Maleficent save his life from the danger. It is show in the conversation below: Diaval : Diaval. And in return for saving my life, I am your servant. Whatever you need. Beside without though who actually Maleficent, Diaval immediately expressed his gratitude with devote himself to maleficent. Diaval aware that life debt is has to repay by life. 8

10 In the other situation before going further into the castle of King Stefan to help Maleficent to break the curse of Aurora, Diaval warned and remain to Maleficent that is may be a trap for Maleficent. Diaval : They pulled the guards. He's waiting for you in there. If we go inside those walls, we'll never come out alive. In this scene of movie Diaval showed that he is a figure who always wary on an emergency situation, warns Maleficent before go inside the castle prove that he is not a selfish person. Diaval do not want something bad happens to people around him. Moreover in the middle of conversation before go inside the castle, a hidden depth meaning is told by Maleficent. It is showed in Maleficent words, which is: Maleficent : Then don't come. It's not your fight. Realize that this is a fight between her and King Stefan Maleficent just ask to Diaval for go leave her alone. But Diaval did not go; he came together with Maleficent for help Prince Aurora from the death sleep in the castle that full with the trap of King Stefan to catch Maleficent. Even Diaval is showing the loyalty and still fulfill his promise to Maleficent as a form of gratitude helped him out of events that almost killed him. Artharini (2013) asserts that a hero is someone who fought vigorously and if necessary he will sacrifice possessions and even his life in order to defend anything and everything that if considered in a right way. Through this statement it clear that the figure of Diaval that appears in a common character saw nothing by people, even he is only a crow in the movie but he is worth to called a hero. Moreover, keep his promise to do anything for Maleficent even have almost lost his life make Diaval be a truly man who always keep his promise. A figure of hero 9

11 who always holds fast to the promise and sacrifice for the other, it is very closely with Diaval s characteristics in this movie. Concept of Witch From this movie through the concept of witch this study discuss about character of Maleficent and the development of her character in the storyline. In the previous perception Maleficent is a witch because she cursed Princess Aurora into a death sleep. But in fact, Maleficent is not an evil witch after being deconstruct using deconstructive analysis reading in the script of this movie. Here is the data that found in the deconstruction the concept of witch in this movie through the character of Maleficent: The effort of Maleficent to break the cursed is failed, she is very sorry to Aurora. The feel sorry of Maleficent is showed in the conversation: Maleficent : I will not ask your forgiveness because what I have done to you is unforgivable Wish up her mistake to Princess Aurora makes Maleficent feel that her inappropriate for obtain a forgiveness from Princess Aurora. In so deep regret, Maleficent is look forward to make amends all her faults to Princess Aurora. Although Princess Aurora just could sleep in her death sleep Maleficent promised to protect Aurora from harm. It is show in the Maleficent s words: Maleficent : I swear, no harm will come to you as long as I live. Indeed profound remorse shown by a witch to someone who condemns. This is show in the Maleficent words in front of Princess Aurora who have fallen in the curse. For say goodbye Maleficent kissed Princess Aurora on her forehead. And the pure love of Maleficent to Princess Aurora can break the curse. 10

12 From the discussion about a witch concept, these events beyond of the people estimate in generally about a witch. All the data are showing that the character of Maleficent in this movie is not like what people though just as Bull (2011) explained that a witch is women believed to have evil magic powers. The figure of maleficent in this movie can change the audience even children perception about who is a witch. V. CONCLUSSION This study analyze the Maleficent movie through the deconstructive approach which is focus in three concept, they are the concept of motherhood, the concept of heroism and the concept of witch. In the first concept about motherhood it is found that the figure of the Knotgrass, Flittle and Thistletwit as a figures of motherhood in this movie. Someone who does not even have a child but have a desire to always protect, care for and treat a child. The second concept is about heroism, the character of Maleficent in this movie is not show as a real hero. This title is worthy owned by Diaval. Diaval is a figure who appears in simplicity, but finally his sacrifice, loyalty and integrity were making Diaval present as the real hero in Maleficent movie. Through Diaval s characteristic it is proving a hero is not always someone who has a great powers and special abilities. The last is about the concept of witch in Maleficent character. It is show a new view and perception about witch, that the witch is not always evil. A witch is like a fairy, both of them have a magic power but a witch is when the heart filled by envy, hatred and revenge to others and it impact and caused a problem for the others. These three concepts are finding in Maleficent movie through the deconstructive approach. It is a new perception which is different from the previous perception about the characters inside the story line. It new evidence that through the deconstructive approach it can show there are many view points and sides in every single moment in this world. Everything has a good and a bad side, 11

13 it is all depend how people can open their mind in value something whit consider many things before do the judging. References Artharini, D. (2013, November 10). Sedikit tentang makna pahlawan. Retrieved July 24, 2015, from Kompasiana.com: Bull, V. (2011). Oxford: leraner's pocket dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press. Cakrajati. (2012, July 19). Keistimewaan wanita. Retrieved July 24, 2015, from kompasiana.com: Fajrin, H. (n.d.). Deconstruksi dalam novel laskar pelangi. literature education journal, Harun, B. (2015). Deconstructive analysis of Cordelia's characterization in monte calro movie. Gorontalo: Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Hasran, H. (2014). Pengertian tokoh dan penokohan. Literary education journal, 5-7. Indonesia, K. b. (2015). Arti kata. Retrieved July 24, 2015, from artikata.web.id: Malik, H. (2011). Pengertian data, analisis data dan cara menganalisis data kaualitatif. Recited on 29 February, 2015, from: " html. Moleong, L. J. (2006). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya. Pujiyanti, F. (2010). Dekonstruksi Dominasi Laki-laki dalam Novel The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown. Lietrary journal, 1-7. Semi, A. (1999). Kritik Sastra. Bandung : Angkasa. Tuloli, N. (2000). Kajian Sastra. Gorontalo: BMT Nurul Janah. 12