November 2, Aims: Agenda. SWABT explain the relative age of rocks using the Law of Superposition and index fossils.

Transcription

1 Aims: November 2, 2016 SWABT explain the relative age of rocks using the Law of Superposition and index fossils. Agenda 1. Do Now 2. Class Notes 3. Guided Practice 4. Independent Practice 5. Practicing our AIMS: Homework: EH.4 Relative Age How will you help our class earn all of our S.T.R.I.V.E. Point s? UNIT TEST COUNTDOWN: 5 study days! 1

2 Aim Check: 2

3 SCIENCE 8 Relativ e Age EH.4 Name: Date: Homeroom: Earth s History Shoooo I m GROWN! OBJECTIVES: By the end of class, students will be able to SWABT explain the relative age of rocks using the Law of Superposition and index fossils. DO NOW Arrange the following sentences in a logical order to make a short story: I stood in the checkout line. I selected two apples. I walked home from the store. I gave the cashier money. I went to the store. The cashier gave me change. I was hungry. 3

4 As a geologist you are on a dig and discover the following rock. You need to determine how old the following rock is. What might you do determine its age? CLASS NOTES HOW OLD ARE YOU? There are two ways to express the age of a rock: RELATIVE AGE: Comment [SK1]: Age compared to other objects (quality) ABSOLUTE AGE: Comment [SK2]: Number of years an object has been around (quantity) For Example: Express your age as a relative age and an absolute age. CHECK YO SELF: Relative Age or Absolute age? 1. Mr. Searles was born in His sister was born in Philip is younger than his brother, Carlos. Comment [SK3]: 1.AB 2.Rel 3.Abs 4.Rel 5.abs 3. The first human-like fossil is 4.4 million years old. 4. Dinosaurs are older than Livy. 5. My car was made in

5 DRAKE <3 s GEOLOGY... LAW OF SUPERPOSITION Comment [SK4]: used to determine relative age o o Comment [SK5]: oldest layer on bottom youngest layer on top INDEX FOSSILS Fossils can tell the relative age of the rock layer and Comment [SK6]: can be compared to other locations must be in all geologic columns must be in a single layer o o 5

6 Guided Practice Relative age is usually found by comparing a fossil to fossils and rocks around it. Most fossils are found in sedimentary rock, and those rock layers give us some big clues. Look at the picture above. Which is the oldest layer of rock, and how do you know? In which layer would the youngest fossils be found? Which fossil would be the youngest: one from the Kaibab limestone, one from the Hermit Shale, or one from the Supai Group? WHY? 6

7 A B C D E F G H I J K 1. Draw arrows to connect the matching rock layers by their fossils 2. Which layers in each section are the oldest? 3. Between the layers mentioned above, which is the oldest? 4. How old do you think the fossil that is in layer G is based on the age of the rocks around it? 5. The fossil in layer E is found in sandstone in the first layer and limestone in the second layer. What is one possible explanation for why they are not found in the same type of rock? 6. You discover that the fossil in J is 8 million years old. What is the only possible age range for the fossil in layer I. a million years old b. 6-8 million years old c. 4-6 million years old 7

8 Independent Practice Directions: For each key term, explain the big idea to a kindergartener. Then, draw a picture to illustrate the word. Term Concept Picture RELATIVE AGE LAW OF SUPERPOSITION INDEX FOSSIL 8

9 A paleontologist was studying the evidence of extinction of organisms in the fossil record. Data were collected at several work sites. The paleontologist developed the drawing below of eight layers at one work site. Other data used included the graph below that shows changes in sea level from 490 million years ago to 60 million years ago. Asterisks on the graph indicate times of mass extinction of marine organisms. 1. Based on observations, the paleontologist concluded that the layers had been undisturbed by geological activity. Comment [SK7]: DOK 1 Which layer should have the oldest fossils? A. layer 8 B. layer 6 C. layer 4 D. layer 2 2. The paleontologist examined 10 sites in all. She made detailed drawings of these sites and removed sample fossils. She labeled the sample fossils with the site number, location and layer in which the fossil was found. The paleontologist returned to the lab and discovered that some of the fossil samples were missing labels. Comment [SK8]: DOK 2 2 points Describe two different ways the lack of labels for these samples will affect the interpretation of the data. 9

10 3. What are the two types of dating that scientists use to figure out the ages of rocks? 4. Explain in your own words what the law or superposition. 5. Draw a straight arrow to the youngest layer. 6. Draw a squiggly arrow to the oldest layer. For questions 5-10, use the picture below. 7. Which fossil died first? 8. Which organism died after fossil D 9. Which fossil is the oldest? 10. Which fossil is the youngest? 11. Which organism died after D but before B? 12. What type of dating is this picture showing? 10

11 13. An unusual type of fossil clam is found in rock layers high in the Sw iss Alps. The same type of fossil clam is also found in the Rocky M ountains of North America. From this, scientists conclude that Comment [SK9]: DOK 2 NAEP Question ID: S11 #3 A. glaciers carried the fossils up the mountains B. the Rocky M ountains and the Sw iss Alps are both volcanic in origin C. clams once lived in mountains, but have since evolved into sea-dw elling creatures D. the layers of rocks in w hich the fossils w ere found are from the same geologic age 14. Which of the follow ing is an ex ample of relative dating: Comment [SK10]: DOK 1 A. This fossil I found is younger than a stromalite fossil. B. This ammonite fossil w as found in a layer of rock that is 25,000 years old. C. This fossil contains plants that grew 67 million years ago. D. That cyanobacteria fossil is 3.2 billion years old. 15. Using the diagram, w hich of the follow ing fossils (A, B, or C) is the oldest? How do you know? 16. What is the order of the layers? Which relative dating technique(s) did you use to figure out the order of the layers? Ex amine the following diagrams. Columns I and II contain rock layers A, B, C and D, E, F. Both columns w ere taken from the same dig site. 17. Which tw o layers are approximately the same age? How do you know? 18. Which layer is the oldest? How do you know? 19. Which layer is the youngest? How do you know? 11

12 Directions: Read and ANNOTATE the information before you solve the problem. 20. The diagram show s the collision of tw o tectonic plates in Asia. What is a result of this collision? A. Volcanoes erupt periodically. B. The Tibetan Plateau slow ly sinks. C. The Himalayas increase in height each year. D. Glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau melt. Comment [SK11]: Find those vocab and command words! Comment [SK12]: NAAP Question ID: S11 #1 DOK 1 8ES5: Plate Features 21. What w ould this collision do to the strata? How could this affect the Law of Superposition? 22. The Pacific Ocean is surrounded by a large belt of mountain ranges and volcanoes. Which natural events are most closely associated w ith these landforms? Comment [SK13]: DOK 1 8ES5: Plate Features A. hurricanes B. tornadoes C. sandstorms D. earthquakes 23. What type of rocks w ould expect to find at this belt? How could this affect the presence of index fossils? 12

13 You Do: REVIEW! (comps are coming up faaaaast ) 13

14 BEAST MODE! Q s How long ago did this dinosaur live? Where were the fossils found? When did this dinosaur use the extra wings for? What did other scientists think? What do you think aerodynamic means? Is there more than one dinosaur with four wings? Article: Four Winged Dinosaur For some animals, two wings just won t do as was the case for a fourw inged dinosaur that lived 130 million years ago. Fossils of the creature were unearthed in China about 10 years ago. Since then, scientists have puzzled over how this dinosaur used its two bonus wings. Now researchers report a likely answer. In a new study, scientists Justin Hall and Michael Habib and their collaborators suggest the dinosaur tucked its hind wings under its body most of the time. It brought the extra wings out only when it needed to make tricky turns in midair. To make a right turn, the dinosaur would lift its left hind wing, for example. Hall and Habib, who work at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, presented the new idea about these dinosaurs at a recent meeting of scientists who research prehistoric animals. Other scientists had suggested that the dinosaur glided through the air either w ith all four wings out or with one pair positioned beneath the other, like the w ings on a plane. Scientists are still arguing over whether the dinosaur could flap its wings and stay in the air like birds or just glide gently downward. Keeping two wings hidden away when moving straight ahead would have made the dinosaur more aerodynamic, meaning it would have had a shape that let air flow past more freely. Extended all the time, the extra wings would have slow ed the dinosaur by creating resistance from the air. Air resistance, or drag, is the enemy of flight: A raindrop falls faster than a feather because air r esistance doesn t slow the drop down as much as the feather. Hall and his collaborators studied the dinosaur Microraptor gui. It was the fir st found to have four wings. But it s no longer the only one: Since M. gui s discovery, other four-winged dinosaurs have turned up. And their hind wings pr obably worked the same way, says dinosaur expert Luis Chiappe at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. What were scientists able to learn about this dinosaur and others from the fossils that were found? 14

15 Science 8 Name: SKILL SNAPSHOT Date: Homeroom: EH.4: Relative Age Quick Notes: Read and ANNOTATE each question before you solve the problem. Like A Scholar? Yes No Redo? Yes No Directions: Support your selection by finding evidence to support your answer OR evidence to support why another is incorrect. Start your explanation with The evidence shows that Comment [SK14]: Find those vocab and command words! Question 1. Which of the follow ing is a method for determining the age of objects or events in relation to other objects or events? Supporting evidence A. relative sequencing B. relative dating C. relative history D. relative geology 2. What do scientists know about an undisturbed sequence of rock layers? A. Older rocks lie above younger rocks. B. Younger rocks lie under older rocks. C. Younger rocks lie above older rocks. D. Older rocks have eroded aw ay. 3. The principle that states that younger rocks lie above other rocks in undisturbed sequences is called A. relative dating B. superposition C. uniformitarianism D. catastrophism 4. In an area w here a river has cut deep into the Earth, there are several layers of very different rock ex posed. The oldest rock layers is M OST likely to be the layer that is A. below the other layers. B. the thickest layer. C. the most rich in fossils. D. igneous intrusive rock. 15

16 5. The follow ing question has two parts. In the Answ er Document, first, answ er part A. Then, answ er part B. Comment [SK15]: DOK 2 Part A Students are show n a diagram of four geologic columns from different location that each contains the same four rock layers. Which fossil w ould be most useful in determine the relative age for the rocks in these geologic columns? A. B. C. D. E. Any of these fossil can be used to determine the relative age of the rocks Part B Select the two pieces of evidence that describe w hy index fossils are most useful in determining the relative ages of the rock layers. F. The fossils appear in a single layer. G. The fossils appear in all but one layer. H. The fossils appear in different types of rock. I. The fossils appear in each geologic column. J. The fossils do not appear w ith any other fossils in a layer. 16