Geology Test Review Answers

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1 Name: Geology Test Review Answers Core: Fill in the blanks: 1. Sediments get compacted and cemented into sedimentary rock. 2. Igneous rocks can be intrusive or extrusive from a volcano. 3. Adding heat and pressure to rocks creates Metamorphic rocks. 4. Rocks are made up of one or more Minerals. 5. Breaking down rocks into smaller pieces is known as weathering. 6. Erosion is when rocks are transported or moved. 7. The Earth s layers from inside to outside are inner core, outer core, mantle and crust. 8. During an earthquake primary & secondary waves are created. 9. Index fossils help determine the age of rock layers. 10. A Geologist studies the history and structure of the Earth. 11. Fill in the chart for the 3 main types of rock: Rock Type How it forms 3 examples Sedimentary Sediments get compacted and cemented together - Limestone - Sandstone - Shale Metamorphic Rocks get heat and pressure - Slate - Quartzite - Marble Igneous Cooled, crystalized magma or lava - Obsidian - Basalt - Pumice

2 12. Using the picture of rock layers, answer the following questions. a. Which layer is the oldest? H b. Which layer is the youngest? A c. What is the river doing to layer A? Weathering and eroding it d. Layer I is showing which law? Cross-cutting e. Layers A, B, and C are showing which law? Original Horizontality 13. Which happened first with the rock layers? Circle one. a. Layer I cut into the layers c. C was deposited b. Fault J shifted the layers d. B was deposited 14. After millions of years, what will those rock layers look like? Draw a picture and explain. The rock will get weathered into pieces of sediment. Agents of erosion like running water, wind, gravity or ice will carry the pieces away.

3 15. Fill in the blanks of the rock cycle. 16. Fill in the chart for scientific discoveries. Scientist Discovery or idea J. W. Powell First explorer to successfully navigate the entire length of the Grand Canyon E. D. McKee Found that animal tracks were most likely to be preserved in a 27 degree or less of sloped sand. James Hutton Defined uniformitarianism, the present is the key to the past Lamarck First person to define the word fossil William Smith Figured out how to use index fossils and developed the science of stratigraphy

4 True or False 17. F Igneous rocks form from layers of sediment that have been cemented with a matrix T Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools below Earth s surface. 19. T Metamorphic rocks are rocks changed by effects of heat and pressure. 20. F Only igneous and sedimentary rocks can change from one kind to another over time. 21. F Only igneous and sedimentary rocks can contain fossils. 22. F The rock cycle explains how fossils died. 23. F The layer on the bottom is the youngest. 24. T Breaking down rocks is weathering. 25. T Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic are Eras in the Geologic Time Scale. 26a. Granite and sandstone are two different kinds of rocks. Something has to happen in order for one type of rock to turn into another type. Use your knowledge of the rock cycle to explain how granite might change into sandstone. Granite can be weathered down into sediments. The sediment can keep being broken down into very small pieces of sediment/sand. The sand then can be compacted and cemented into sedimentary sandstone. 26b. Explain how sandstone might turn into granite. Sandstone can be taken over by magma and melted down. That magma then may cool into igneous granite rock.

5 Using the Geologic time line, answer the following questions. 27. When did the Ordovician Period begin? 492 mya 28. When did the Jurassic Period end? 144 mya 29. How long did the Palaeocene Period last? 10 million years 30. How many time periods are in the Caenozoic Era? 6

Geology Test Review Topics Rock cycle o Types of rocks o How they form o Examples of each rock

extrusive o Crystal size based on cooling rate Sedimentary rocks o Acid test results o Ways to

2 different locations Weathering and erosion (including additional types from video notes)

and fossils Index Fossils Grand Canyon o Successful Explorer o Formation, deposits, and erosion

6 Geology Test Review Topics Rock cycle o Types of rocks o How they form o Examples of each rock type Igneous rocks o Intrusive vs. extrusive o Crystal size based on cooling rate Sedimentary rocks o Acid test results o Ways to identify Rock layers o How formed and eroded o Age of layers old to young o Comparing layers of 2 different locations Weathering and erosion (including additional types from video notes) Basic Abiotic Parts of the Earth Geologic time scale o Be able to read o Know some major events and fossils Index Fossils Grand Canyon o Successful Explorer o Formation, deposits, and erosion Laws o Superposition o Original Horizontality o Uniformitarianism o Cross-cutting Study of Earth s origin and structure o Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Plate Tectonics

Rock Cycle. Presented by Kesler Science

Rock Cycle. Presented by Kesler Science Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: What processes are involved in the formation and classification of metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous rocks? Sediments A model that describes the formation,