Atlases. About Chapter 2. Chapter II: Earth in Space

Transcription

1 Chapter 2: Earth in Space Class Workbooks Each chapter will have a mapping section You will receive a class workbook to KEEP You need to take this to class when it is announced the day before if you forget it, you will need to work on that assignment for homework If you lose your book, you will need to see me during tutorials in order to obtain copies of the worksheets so DON T LOSE YOUR BOOK Atlases You will also receive an atlas to borrow You will return it at the end of class remember your atlas number because you will use the same one tomorrow! About Chapter 2 Chapter 2 contains important information, but we will not delve too deeply into it as it is mostly science-related Take good notes we will have one quiz over chapter 2 and no homework over the material! Chapter II: Earth in Space Solar system: sun and group of bodies that revolve around it Planets: objects of a certain mass which orbit a star Moons: smaller bodies that orbit a planet aka satellites Any body orbiting a larger body ROTATION versus REVOLUTION 1

2 Terms to Know Chapter 2 Section 3: The Earth System Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle Solar System Tropic of Cancer Rotation Revolution Solstice Equinox Tropic of Capricorn Atmosphere Lithosphere Section 3: The Earth System Chapter 3: Weather Hydrosphere Biosphere The Human Element How do the study of climate, water, and land impact humans? Why are they important to world history? Consider the following! Ancient Mesopotamia Focused around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Mesopotamia means the land between the rivers in Greek Began as early as 6000 BCE Includes present day Iraq 2

3 Ancient Indian Civilization The Indus River Valley and the River Ganges Flourished beginning 3300 BCE Ancient Egyptian Civilization The Nile River Valley Flourished beginning 3150 BCE Ancient Chinese Civilization Focused around the Huang He River Flourished beginning with the Shang Dynasty, ca BCE Weather Chapter In this chapter, we will discuss the basics of weather and climate in order to better understand how they affect human systems This is an area where physical and human geography most commonly interact Chapter III: Weather and Climate Review: What is the difference between weather and climate? Weather: Chapter III: Weather and Climate Temperature: Greenhouse effect: Climate: Global Warming: 3

4 Chapter III Pressure and Wind Systems Cyclones: Prevailing Winds: Doldrums: Front: Hurricanes in the North Atlantic (L) and South Atlantic (R) Air Masses The Gulf Stream Chapter 3 Section 2 Climate/Weather Review Hydrologic cycle: Condensation: Precipitation: Evaporation: Humidity 4

5 Chapter 3 Section 2 Orographic effect: Ecosystem: Chapter 3 Section 3 Tornadoes/Hurricanes/Typhoons: Climate region: Chapter 4: Physical Geography Brief Review Physical Geography: Human Geography: Physical Geography Parts of the Earth Core Inner Core: Solid Outer Core: Dense liquid metal; mainly iron and nickel Mantle Crust Magma: liquid rock within the earth Lava: liquid rock outside of the earth (e.g. through a volcano) 5

6 Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics: explains how forces within the planet create landforms Continental Drift: the process by which the plates that the continents sit on top of move earth s landforms What about other planets? History of Plate Tectonics Worksheet answers in this video! Plate Tectonics and the Early Earth Pangea Types of Plate Movements and Boundaries Movement Folds Faults Trench Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Subduction Description What happens when plates collide? In the book, we read that when two plates on the ocean floor collide, one slides underneath the other (66). Subduction zone: the boundary between plates Trench: deep valley between plates If one plate is carrying a continent, the oceanic plate will go underneath the plate with a landmass. Volcanoes, folds, and faults are created when the plate carrying land is distorted. When two plates carrying land collide, massive mountain ranges can be formed (e.g. the Himalayas) 6

7 On December 26, 2004, a tsunami struck Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and a number of other countries. A tsunami is a large wave created by an underground earthquake which is in turn caused by moving plates. The death toll was not finalized until much later as of February, 2008, the United Nations has reported it to be above 295,000 most of whom were from Indonesia Tsunami Plate Tectonics Applied: The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Weathering and Erosion Weathering: the process by which rocks break and decay over time Erosion: movement of surface material from one location to another by water, wind, and ice Landform Groups Group one: built by tectonic processes Volcanoes, mountains, valleys Group two: created by erosion Plateaus Group three: formed with sediment Sand dune, floodplain Many landforms are created by a combination of the above e.g.: the alluvial fan valley 7