GRADE 7 SCIENCE UNIT 4: THE EARTH S CRUST. 11/12 Earth s Crust is constantly changing Weathering and Erosion
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1 GRADE 7 SCIENCE UNIT 4: THE EARTH S CRUST 11/12 Earth s Crust is constantly changing Weathering and Erosion
2 Earth s Structure - Layers of the Earth Draw a labeled Diagram
3 Layers of the Earth Rap s
4 Layers Of the Earth Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust
5 Inner Core Position: In the center of the earth (deepest) Size: Second smallest Description: Made of Solid iron and nickel
6 Outer Core Position: Between the inner core and mantle Size: Second thickest layer Description: Made of liquid iron and nickel
7 Mantle Position: Between the crust and outer core Size: The thickest layer Description: Partly Molten. Looks plastic-like (silly putty)
8 Crust Position: On the outside of the earth Size: The thinnest layer Description: The Continental (land) crust is thicker than the oceanic (ocean floor) crust
9 The Crust - In detail The crust is broken into pieces (ocean and land crust)! These pieces are called Plates. The plates are always moving!
10 Plate Jigsaw activity!
11 Plate Tectonic Theory How did we come to understand Earth Science? Scientists and Technology!
12 Alfred Wegener Saw the continents fit like a puzzle He proposed the Theory of Continental Drift
13 Theory of Continental Drift A Theory that: the continents move There was a lot of evidence to support this Problem: There was no mechanism to cause the movement!
14 Pangea The supercontinent made when all the continents were together v=cqvosyvu9rk
15 4 pieces of evidence for continental drift 1. Continental fit: The continents seem to fit together (Africa and South America)
16 4 pieces of evidence for continental drift 2. Fossils: The same type of fossil are found on different continents (Canada and Europe)
17 4 pieces of evidence for continental drift 3. Rock layers: The same type of rock layers on different continents
18 4 pieces of evidence for continental drift 4. Climate: Coal that forms in warmer climate only is found in Antarctica!
19 Technologies Used in Earth Science Sonar Magnetometers Deep sea drilling Magnetometer paper activity
20 Remember! Although there was a lot of Evidence There was no accepted mechanism (No force that caused the continents to drift) So Continental Drift was rejected!
21 Plate Tectonics New technology and data were found! The theory of continental drift became the Plate Tectonic Theory
22 Theory of continental Drift to Plate tectonics video 1:22-10:15
23 Plate Tectonics Plate: each pieces of the Earth's crust Plate Boundary: The edges of plates. Where two plates meet
24 The Driving Force Behind Theory of Plate Tectonics Convection Currents: the heated rock in the mantle rises then cools and sinks. This moves the plates v=ryrxagy1dme
25 3 Types of Plate Boundaries 1. Divergent Description: When the plates move away from one another Force: Pulling apart Results: Volcanoes and earthquakes
26 3 Types of Plate Boundaries 2. Convergent: Description: When the plates move toward each other Force: Pushing together Results: Volcanoes, earthquakes and mountains
27 3 Types of Plate Boundaries 2. Transform: Description: When the plates move alongside each other Force: sliding past Results: Earthquakes
28 3 plate boundaries video
29 Canadian Earth Scientists! J. Tuzo Wilson - proposed the third type of plate movement - Transform boundaries!
30 Canadian Earth Scientists! Joseph Tyrrell - discovered dinosaur fossils in Alberta, It proved that the local climate was warmer at an earlier time.
31 Canadian Earth Scientists! Harold Williams - (Newfoundlander!) highlighted that plate tectonic activity happened on the eastern edge of North America.
32 Catastrophic Events from plate boundaries! Earthquakes and Volcanoes!
33 Discussion questions 1. Do earthquakes and volcanoes occur in NL? 2. Is there evidence that Earthquakes or volcanoes occurred here in the past?
34
35 Earthquakes Definition: The shaking of the earth Caused by: The release of energy from plate movement in Earth s crust. When this energy is released, it travels in waves (seismic waves). Example: Tsunami that hit burin peninsula
36 Seismograph The device used to record earthquakes.
37 Volcanoes Description: an opening in the Earth s crust. Caused by: Plate movement at boundaries Example: Mount St. Helen s in Washington D.C. - in the United States 3 Locations volcanoes form: Convergent plate boundaries Divergent plate boundaries Hot spots
38 Volcanoes - 3 locations 1. Convergent plate boundaries Description: Intense pressure melts rock that later flows to the surface as a volcano Example: the Pacific Ocean is being subducted under Japan.
39 Volcanoes - 3 locations 2. Divergent plate boundaries Description: Molten rock flows up to the surface Example: The mid-atlantic Ridge.
40 Volcanoes - 3 locations 3. Hot spots: Description: Areas where the crust is thin magma can be forced up through the cracks Example: The Hawaiian Islands.
41 Pattern of Earthquakes and Volcanoes Occur mostly along the ring of fire (along plate boundaries!)
42 Past Theories for Volcanoes & Earthquakes Pele: The Hawaiian goddess who makes the mountains shake and lava flow at Kilauea, Hawaii Glooscap: Mi kmaq legend about how Glooscap (the first man) turned a beaver into the Sugarloaf Mountains.
43 Weathering and Erosion How could these rock formations occur?
44 Weathering The mechanical and/or chemical breakdown of rock. There are 2 Types: 1. Chemical 2. Mechanical
45 1. Mechanical Weathering The physical breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments. Examples: a. Frost Wedge: Ice breaking apart the rock (most common) b. Movement by plants/animals: burrowing through rock
46 2. Chemical Weathering When chemical reactions break down rocks. Examples: a. Acid rain: the acid slowly breaks up the rock b. Chemicals made by animals: lichens chemicals break down rock
47 Erosion The process that loosens and moves weathered rock particles (sediment) over Earth s surface
48 Agents of Erosion 1. Water in motion (most powerful) 2. Meteorological processes (rain and wind) 3. geological processes (gravity and glaciers)
49 Weathering Vs. Erosion What's the difference?
50 Weathering Vs. Erosion What's the difference? Weathering breaks up the rock Erosion moves the rock!
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Rock Cycle. Draw the Rock cycle on your remediation page OR use a sheet of notebook paper and staple
Earth Science Test 8.ESS2.3) Describe the relationship between the processes and forces that create igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. I can develop and use models to explain how plate movements
Name Date Class. Plate Tectonics
Chapter Review Plate Tectonics Part A. Vocabulary Review Directions: Write the term that matches each description below in the spaces provided. Then unscramble the letters in the boxes to reveal the mystery
Plate Tectonics and fun Earth Stuff
Plate Tectonics and fun Earth Stuff Set Up - 1 large graham cracker - 2 3-in squares of fruit roll up - 1 cup of water - Frosting/cool whip - Wax paper or plate - Plastic spoon http://learningplatetectonics.weebly.com/activity.html