Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the information and diagrams below.

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1 Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the information and diagrams below. Saltwater plants of the same species were grown in soil in separate containers with 1 liter of water. All of the plants were the same height at the beginning of the experiment. Different amounts were dissolved in each container as shown in the diagrams. All other conditions were held constant. Measurements for the final height of each plant are provided. Water Level (1 liter) grams grams grams 1 grams grams 1. Use the information from the student s experiment to construct a line graph on the grid below. (a) Use an X to plot the final height of each plant at the end of the experiment. (b) Connect the Xs with a solid line. Plant Height (cm) Saltwater Plant Growth 24 and Amount of Salt Amount of Salt Dissolved in 1 Liter of Water (grams) 2. Based on your graph or the information provided, determine the expected height of this same type of plant if it were grown in 1 liter of water with 2. grams added. cm

2 Melting Name: Class: 3. State one conclusion, based on the information provided, about the growth of this type water plant in water containing 0 to grams per liter. 4. In this experiment, the student used plants of the same height and species in equal amounts of water. Identify one other condition that the student needed to keep constant. Base your answers to questions and 6 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of science. The diagram shows the rock cycle in Earth s crust. Rock Cycle in Earth s Crust Cementation Burial Compaction Deposition Sediments Sedimentary Rock (Uplift) Weathering and Erosion Erosion Metamorphism Pressure Heat and/or Metamorphic Rock Melting Heat and/or Pressure Metamorphism (Uplift) Weathering and Erosion Melting Magma (Uplift) Solidification Weathering and Erosion Igneous Rock. What type of rock forms directly from magma? 6. Identify two processes required for the formation of a sedimentary rock. (1) (2)

3 Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the information below and on your knowledge of science. Gems and Minerals There are about 4,000 types of minerals on Earth. Of these, only about 1 are used to make gems. Gems are minerals that may have been cut and polished to make them sparkle. The diamond is the hardest natural substance we know. Diamonds form deep under ground at very high temperatures and pressure conditions caused by the overlying thick layers of rock that squeeze the carbon atoms into a tight, strong crystal. Diamonds might grow under these conditions for 1 billion to 3 billion years and therefore are considered the oldest gemstone. Only about percent of diamonds are made into jewels. Because they are so hard, most diamonds are used to make tools such as dental drills and metal cutters. 7. Explain why hardness is a valuable property of some minerals. Adapted from Debnam, Betty (1999). The Mini Page, Distributed by Universal Press Syndicate 8. Identify one physical property, other than hardness, that may add to the beauty of a gemstone. 9. When diamonds are shipped to jewelry stores, they are individually wrapped in paper. Explain why the paper is needed to protect each diamond from damage.

4 Base your answers to questions through 12 on the table of mineral properties below and on your knowledge of science. Mineral Properties of Some Minerals Properties Hardness Streak Reaction with Acid calcite soft colorless or white bubbles chalcopyrite hard gray or black rotten-egg smell feldspar hard colorless or white no reaction galena soft gray or black rotten-egg smell graphite soft gray or black no reaction gypsum soft colorless or white no reaction hornblende hard gray or black no reaction. Identify the mineral in the table that is hard, has a black streak, and has no reaction with acid. 11. Compared to the chalcopyrite, which property of galena is different? 12. Describe the test for determining the streak of most minerals.

5 Name: Class: Base your answers to questions 13 through 1 on the map below and on your knowledge of science. The map shows earthquake activity in and around the United States. Earthquake activity is indicated by dots. Earthquake Activity In and Around the 48 Adjoining States 60 N 0 N X 40 N Degrees Latitude 30 N N 140 W 130 W 1 W 1 W 0 W 90 W 80 W 70 W 60 W W N E Degrees Longitude S 13. State one reason that there are more earthquakes in the western section of the area shown on the map. 14. According to the map, what is the latitude and longitude of the location at letter X? (Your answer must include a value, unit, and direction for each.) Latitude: Longitude: 1. List two actions that residents of the west coast might include in an earthquake emergency preparedness plan. (1) (2)

6 Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the map below and on your knowledge of science. The map shows the seven continents and several lithospheric plates. The dark lines between the plates represent the boundaries that separate them. Three of the plates are labeled. Lithospheric Plates Pacific Plate African Plate South American Plate 16. Describe one piece of evidence shown on the map suggesting that the continents of South America and Africa were once joined together. 17. Identify one geologic event or feature that frequently occurs when lithospheric plates collide (converge) or move apart from each other (diverge). Base your answers to questions 18 and 19 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of science. The diagram shows a boundary between crustal plates. The arrows show the direction of plate movement. Oceanic Plate Continental plate Mantle Melting (Not drawn to scale)

7 18. What theory is used to explain the movement of crustal plates? 19.Identify one geologic event that often occurs near this type of crustal plate boundary. Base your answers to questions through 22 on the cross section below and on your knowledge of science. The cross section shows the heat flow and movement of some material within Earth, causing sections of Earth s crust (plates) to move. Cloud of ash, steam, and smoke Oceanic crust Mid-ocean ridge Oceanic crust Volcano Continental crust Continental crust cooling cooling Magma Rising magma (Hot) warming warming (not drawn to scale).how does the temperature of Earth s crust compare to the temperature of Earth s interior? 21.Name two geologic features or events that might result from the movement of crustal plates. (1) (2) 22.How does the thickness of Earth s oceanic crust compare to the thickness of the continental crust?

8 23. The drawings on the top row of the chart below represent water in its three phases (solid, liquid, and gas) in open containers. Complete this chart by filling in the answers that correspond to the drawing at the top of each column and the question in each row. Make sure you fill in an answer in every empty box. solid liquid gas Does this phase of matter have a definite shape? Write Yes or No in each box. Does this phase of matter have a definite volume? Write Yes or No in each box. How do these phases rank in order of the relative speed of their particles? Rank them 1, 2, 3, with 1 having the slowest particles and 3 having the fastest particles.