Shoreline Mapping & Erosion Patterns. Julia Knisel Julia Knisel Coastal Shoreline & Floodplain Manager
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1 Shoreline Mapping & Erosion Patterns Along the Massachusetts Coast Julia Knisel Julia Knisel Coastal Shoreline & Floodplain Manager
2 CZM Shoreline Change Project Timeline 1989: produced coast wide maps with shorelines from mid 1800 s to : completed analysisof shoreline change rates every 40 meters alongshore 2001: added 1994 shoreline & updated rates with assistance from USGS & Woods Hole Sea Grant 2006: contracted t dapplied dcoastal lto delineate 2001 shoreline for South Shore 2010: USGS derived a 2000 shoreline 2013: released shoreline mapped & analyzed by USGS at 50 meters alongshore
3 1989 Shoreline Change Maps
4 2001 Shoreline Change Browser
5 Shoreline Change in MORIS
6 Analyzing Shoreline Change Comparison of high water lines over time Data sets: historic topographic surveys aerial photographs orthophotos LIDAR(high resolution topographic) surveys Rate calculation l at individual d shore perpendicular transects Account tfor uncertainty tit in each shoreline position: survey methods digitizing interpretation
7 Shoreline Sources & Uncertainties : topographic sheets (~ 38 ) : 1938: topographic sheets (~ 38 ) : topographic sheets (~ ) : topographic sheets & aerial photos (~ 22 ) 1994: aerial photos (~ 22 ) 2000: LIDAR (~ 4 ) 2001: orthophotos (~ 17 ) : LIDAR & orthophotos (~ 4 20 )
8 Shoreline Position? Mean high h water elevation High tide line seaward of storm debris wrack line: tonal changebetween wet & dry beach material, or a seaweed/debris line Algal line on rocky outcrops: tonal change between wet surfaces that host algae & dry surfaces with no algae Vegetation change between Spartina patens in upper marsh & Spartina alterniflora in lower marsh, or outer limits of emergent marsh vegetation Interface between vertical seawalls & water
9 Computing Change Rate Statistics USGS Digital Shoreline Analysis System manual, 2009
10 2013 Update USGS delineated spring 2007, 2008 & 2009 shorelines ~ 26,000 transects along 1,100 miles Updated rates from 1800s to 2009 USGS Open-File Report, 2013
11 Shoreline Indicators Region High Water Line (miles) LIDAR Mean High Water Line (miles) Marsh High Water Line (miles) Coastal Structures (miles) North Shore Greater Boston South Shore Cape Cod Bay Outer Cape Cod Cape Cod South Buzzards Bay Elizabeth Islands Martha s Vineyard Nantucket State total 762 (68%) 53 (5%) 146 (13%) 160 (14%) USGS Open-File Report, 2013
12 Trends Unidirectional Change Osterville
13 Trends Unidirectional Change Nantucket
14 Trends Unidirectional Change Rockport
15 Scituate Trends Unidirectional Change
16 Trends Fluctuating Shoreline Salisbury
17 Brewster Trends Fluctuating Shoreline
18 Trends Structure Impacts Oak Bluffs
19 Trends Structure Impacts Sandwich
20 Trends Structure Impacts Winthrop
21 Average Shoreline Change Rates Long term ~ 150 years State average = 0.62 ± ft/yr Short term ~ 30 years State average = 0.95 ±0.23 ft/yr Popponesset Bay, Mashpee erosion ( ) accretion (+)
22 Highest Average Erosion Rates Communities
23 Highest Avg. Erosion Rates Public Beaches Long term
24 Highest Avg. Erosion Rates Public Beaches Short termterm
25 Coastal Structures Region Shoreline Length (miles) Private Structure Length (miles) Public Structure Length (miles) Percent Protected North Shore Boston Harbor South Shore Cape Cod & Islands % % % % South Coastal % TOTAL 1, %
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29 Seawalls
30 Revetments
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32 Consider all available information Long term & short term shoreline change data Seasonal trends & storms Rate uncertainty (+/ ) Management history: coastal structures & nourishment ih Other site conditions: dry beach width & vegetation Recent changes in shoreline uses: development Other alterations ti to natural shoreline processes
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35 Long Term Maximum Erosion Rates Region Maximum erosion rate (ft/yr) North Shore 4.3 ± 3.9 Greater Boston 4.9 ± 0.46 South thshore ± Cape Cod Bay 11 ± 4.9 Outer Cape Cod 25 ± 12 Cape Cod South 14 ± 5.5 Buzzards Bay 3.2 ± 1.5 Elizabeth Islands 3.3 ± 2.3 Martha s Vineyard 12 ± 0.43 Nantucket 22 ± 4.9
36 Short Term Maximum Erosion Rates Region Maximum erosion rate (ft/yr) North Shore 53 ± 0.62 Greater Boston 25 ± 2.0 South Shore 19 ± 15 Cape Cod Bay 30 ± 1.3 Outer Cape Cod 36 ± 9.5 Cape Cod dsouth ± 92* 9.2* Buzzards Bay 18 ± 26* Elizabeth Islands 3.6 ± 0.26 Martha s Vineyard 19 ± 12 Nantucket 38 ± 35
37
38 Long Term Trends Sector 1A 1B Max. Erosion (ft/yr) Max. Accretion (ft/yr)
39 Long Term Trends Long term erosional trend at red transects
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