Use of Elevation Data in NOAA Coastal Mapping Shoreline Products. Coastal GeoTools April 1, 2015

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1 Use of Elevation Data in NOAA Coastal Mapping Shoreline Products Coastal GeoTools April 1, 2015

2 - NOAA s Coastal Mapping Program & CUSP - Shoreline Uses, Delineation Issues, Definitions - Current Extraction Techniques for CMP and CUSP - CUSP - LiDAR - IfSAR - Data Distribution

3 Congressional mandate (1807) to conduct shoreline surveys of coastal regions of the United States and its possessions for demarcating the nation s legal coastline. Shoreline Mapping Coastal Mapping Program (CMP) Goal: Provide the Nation With Accurate, Consistent, Upto-Date National Shoreline Current Primary Sources: Digital Cameras Lidar High Resolution Satellites

4 Coastal Mapping Program Socio-Economic Scoping Study (Applications, Customers, and the Natural Benefits) Navigation safety Shoreline modification Environmental protection (including precise coordinates of sensitive and protected areas) GIS applications in coastal zone management On-shore development Recreation Fish habitat mapping Energy exploration, development and production Underwater exploration and construction Offshore aquaculture Planning and response to natural disasters and environmental emergencies Coastal and ocean jurisdiction mapping and dispute prevention and resolution Marine spatial planning Legal and insurance applications Homeland and port security Monitoring sea level change Scientific research National and international standards Archaeology and cultural heritage Military activities

5 Issues Delineating a Consistent Shoreline The Coastal Environment: a margin of continuous change. Shorelines vary due to: -wave energy -wave periods -tidal cycles -atmospheric conditions -anthropogenic influences Shoreline change can vary dramatically or negligibly and in no uniform pattern, at temporal scales of daily, seasonally, and decadal. Several definitions of shoreline

6 Numerous Proxies Used Define Shoreline Mean High Water Line Mean Lower Low Water Line High Water Line Average High Water Line Instantaneous Line Wet/Dry Line Foredune Foot Beach Crest Beach Toe Erosion Scarp Storm Debris Line Bluff line/cliff Top Base of Bluff/Cliff Vegetation Line Dune Line

7 2004 Committee on National Needs for Coastal Mapping and Charting, Mapping Science Committee, National Research Council Recommendations To achieve national consistency: Define their shorelines in terms of a tidal datum Use NOAA s National Geodetic Survey shoreline definition of Mean High Water where legislation or usage does not preclude it

8 Current National Geodetic Survey Shoreline Mapping Photogrammetic Surveys: Stereoscopic National Geodetic Survey extracts and attributes shoreline from tide-coordinated stereo photographs (including commercial satellite) in a softcopy environment. Tide/time windows are established for tide-coordinated photographs based on NOS tolerance guidelines. This leads to instances where the land/water interface does not match perfectly with the tidal datum during the acquisition of imagery. Therefore, the majority of NOS shoreline is digitized by visually interpreting a mean high water tidal datum in a stereoscopic environment.

9 Current National Geodetic Survey Shoreline Mapping Photogrammetic Surveys: Automated Feature Extraction of Near Infrared ERDAS IMAGINE Image Segmentation Software Packages: ERDAS IMAGINE ENVI Feature Extraction ESRI Quantum GIS

10 Automated Feature Extraction Vectors Clean, edit, and attribute vectors Vectors verified with independent imagery (stereo or mono)

11 Current National Geodetic Survey Shoreline Mapping Lidar Shoreline Extraction Edit Lidar Point Cloud VDatum Contour Shoreline from DEM Quality Control & Feature Attribution

12 Vertical Datum Transformation Roadmap

13 Current VDatum Availability (April 2015) FY16 - Update SF Bay Model FY19 - Update West Coast Model Dec 1014 East Coast Updated

14 Lidar-derived Shorelines on Varying Coastline Features

15 FL1418 FL Keys Intracoastal

16 Topo-bathy Florida Keys Intracoastal

17 Elements of National Shoreline and CUSP National Shoreline Accurate tidal referenced shoreline and other features Supports Nautical charting applications generally at 1:24,000 scale Discrete geographic area and dates Completion Report documenting the process. CUSP Tidal referenced shoreline Primarily for GIS base map applications ranging in scale from 1:1,000 to 1:24,000 Includes only shoreline Less stringent acquisition requirements Continuous Limited Project Completion Reports

18 Continually Updated Shoreline Product To provide the most current shoreline representation Designed to deliver continuous shoreline with frequent updates Employ state-of-the-art technologies (multi-sensor and multi-scale) Attributed shoreline features Referenced to Mean High Water datum where applicable Includes NOAA and non- NOAA contemporary sources

19 Need for a Continually Updated Shoreline Product Full Photogrammetric Surveys Take Approximately 2 Years to Complete Full Photogrammetric Surveys focus on navigational significant areas for nautical charting applications Funded to yearly map ~3% of U.S. Shoreline No continuous U.S. shoreline exist that is: Attributed Referenced to a tidal datum Maintained Up to Date

20 Percentage of CUSP completed by State

21 Current Lidar Derived Coastline

22 CUSP Data Source Data Retrieval Date: 03/29/2015

23 Age of NOAA Shoreline in California (2015)

24 Current IfSAR Derived Coastline Alaska IfSAR DEM Data hosted by GINA

25 IfSAR Derived Shoreline Selawik Lake, AK Scale 1:10,000 Alaska IfSAR DEM - July 2012 DigitalGlobe WorldView 02 - May 21, 2014

26 Map Once, Use Many Times

27 NOAA Shoreline Data Explorer

28 Digital Coast

29 Conclusions The Integrated Ocean and Coastal Mapping (IOCM) coastal geospatial data, including elevation data, promotes the 2004 Committee on National Needs for Coastal Mapping and Charting, Mapping Science Committee, National Research Council Recommendations to achieve national shoreline consistency. The Continually Updated Shoreline Product (CUSP) uses IOCM coastal geospatial data to provide an updated shoreline for integration into products such as the NOAA Environmental Sensitivity Index Maps and USGS National Hydrography Datasets to help achieve a consistent up-to-date national shoreline in various products. Contact Info: ngs.shoreline@noaa.gov Phone: