Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) from shallow waters of the Caribbean coast of Venezuela

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1 Org. Divers. Evol. 5, Electr. Suppl. 10: 1-25 (2005) Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik URL: URN: urn:nbn:de:0028-odes Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) from shallow waters of the Caribbean coast of Venezuela Yusbelly J. Díaz a, José M. Guerra-García b, *, Alberto Martín a a Universidad Simón Bolívar, Departamento Estudios Ambientales e INTECMAR, Apartado 89000, Caracas A, Venezuela b Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento Fisiología y Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes 6, Sevilla, Spain * Corresponding author, jmguerra@us.es Received 30 April 2004 Accepted 2 November 2004 Abstract The caprellidean fauna of Venezuela is investigated. Twenty-seven stations in shallow waters of the states Falcón, Carabobo, Aragua, Anzoátegui, Sucre and Nueva Esparta were sampled, and the caprellids were sorted and identified. A total of 3984 specimens were identified; twelve species in eight genera are reported. Two species, Caprella penantis Leach, 1814 and Paracaprella digitimanus Quitete, 1971, are new records for Venezuelan waters. An identification key and illustrations are provided for all caprellid species known from Venezuela, as well as comments on their distribution and ecology. Keywords: Crustacea; Amphipoda; Caprellidae; New records; Venezuela; Identification key Introduction The caprellidean amphipods of Venezuela have been scarcely studied. McCain (1968) and McCain & Steinberg (1970) reported the presence of six species: Caprella equilibra Say, 1818, Deutella incerta (Mayer, 1903), Hemiproto wigleyi McCain, 1968, Mayerella redunca McCain, 1968, Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890, and Phtisica marina Slabber, Stoner & Lewis (1985), conducted an ecological study in the Archipelago Los Roques and recorded the species Pseudaeginella biscaynensis (McCain, 1968) and Hemiaegina minuta Mayer, Villarroel & Graciani (1997) published the first record of Caprella danilevskii Czerniavskii, 1868 for Venezuela. Recently, Guerra-García (2003a), as a part of the revision of the genus Deutella, described Deutella margaritae Guerra-García, 2003 based on material from Isla Margarita. Consequently, to our knowledge, only ten species have been reported from Venezuelan waters. The lack of studies dealing with the caprellids from Venezuela is also applicable to other areas of Central and South America. McCain & Steinberg (1970) pointed out that the coasts of these areas are virtually unstudied; undoubtedly, many new records and species will be reported from there. Recent attempts to improve the knowledge of caprellids along these coasts have been carried out in Chile (Guerra-García 2001; Guerra-García & Thiel 2001; Thiel et al. 2003), Brazil (Wakabara et al. 1991; Wakabara & Serejo 1998), and the Gulf of Mexico (Ortíz et al. 2002; Escobar-Briones & Winfield 2003). In addition, the Laboratory of Peracaridean Crustaceans from Simón Bolívar University, Venezuela, has been developing a sampling programme, focusing on collecting peracaridean crustaceans, especially amphipods, from the shallow waters of Venezuela. The caprellids from these collections have been studied, and the results are included in the present paper. Two new species records for Venezuelan waters are reported, illustrations are provided for all twelve caprellid species known from Venezuela, and an identification key based on these figures is presented. Material and methods Samples were collected from a total of 27 stations along the Venezuelan coast from (Table 1

2 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 2 and Fig. 1). All sites were sampled from the intertidal to 3m depth using snorkeling, SCUBA, van Veen grabs or trawling, except for station 3 where sampling was carried out at 15 m using a van Veen grab only. Samples of potentially suitable substrates for caprellids were collected (mainly algae, seagrasses, hydroids, bryozoans, mussels and oysters fouling, and sediments). All the samples were fixed in 70% ethanol, and the specimens were sorted using a stereo microscope. Although the phylogeny and higher classification of the caprellids is still under debate (e.g. Laubitz 1993; Takeuchi 1993), we follow the recent classification of Myers & Lowry (2003) in the present paper, and our study has focused on members of the family Caprellidae. The specimens examined for this study are deposited in the following institutions: MNCN = Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain. USB = Colección del Laboratorio de Crustáceos Peracáridos de la Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela. USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA. Abbreviated lists of synonymies are included for each species. A more extensive synonymy is found in McCain & Steinberg (1970). A lateral view of a generalized caprellid (Fig. 2) demonstrates the morphological terms used in the key. In the illustrations for each species (Figs. 3-16), the respective most important characteristics are indicated by arrows. Table 1: List of stations sampled for the present study. See also Fig. 1. Station Locality Coordinates State 1 Playa Sur 10º55 13 N, 68º16 22 W Falcón (FA) 2 Cayo Sombrero 10º52 74 N, 68º12 54 W Falcón (FA) 3 Boca Grande 10º50 55 N, 68º13 29 W Falcón (FA) 4 Boca Seca 10º51 05 N, 68º14 07 W Falcón (FA) 5 Playa Caimán 10º61 10 N, 68º14 09 W Falcón (FA) 6 Tumba Cuatro 10º50 72 N, 68º15 57 W Falcón (FA) 7 Las Luisas 10º51 47 N, 68º17 69 W Falcón (FA) 8 Caño León 10º51 19 N, 68º19 50 W Falcón (FA) 9 Caño Capuchinos 10º49 40 N, 68º18 13 W Falcón (FA) 10 Planta Centro 10º30 00 N, 68º09 20 W Carabobo (CA) 11 Isla Larga 10º29 16 N, 67º57 00 W Carabobo (CA) 12 Veluz estación 2 10º30 16 N, 67º43 15 W Aragua (AR) 13 Veluz estación 4 10º30 21 N, 67º41 46 W Aragua (AR) 14 Veluz estación 5 10º30 24 N, 67º41 23 W Aragua (AR) 15 Petrozuata DII PDSE A-R1 11º03 01 N, 64º55 50 W Anzoátegui (AN) 16 MMCJ B-08/r4 10º06 32 N, 64º47 19 W Anzoátegui (AN) 17 Chacopata 10º21 28 N, 64º20 49 W Sucre (SU) 18 Playa Medina 10º42 52 N, 63º00 45 W Sucre (SU) 19 Cipara 10º44 59 N, 62º41 57 W Sucre (SU) 20 Guayacán 10º39 08 N, 63º49 44 W Sucre (SU) 21 Isla Caribe 10º41 24 N, 63º51 07 W Sucre (SU) 22 Laguna de Punta de Piedras 10º53 55 N, 63º55 30 W Nueva Esparta (NE) 23 Puente de la Laguna de La 10º58 44 N, 64º10 00 W Nueva Esparta (NE) Restinga 24 Ostrero La Salle 10º59 05 N, 64º09 50 W Nueva Esparta (NE) 25 Laguna de La Restinga 11º01 89 N, 63º49 33 W Nueva Esparta (NE) 26 Playa Guacuco 11º03 38 N, 63º48 77 W Nueva Esparta (NE) 27 Playa El Agua 11º08 61 N, 63º48 77 W Nueva Esparta (NE)

3 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 3 List of species Family Caprellidae Leach, 1814 Subfamily Caprellinae Leach, 1814 Caprella danilevskii Czerniavskii, 1868 Caprella equilibra Say, 1818 Caprella penantis Leach, 1814 Deutella incerta (Mayer, 1903) Deutella margaritae Guerra-García, 2003 Hemiaegina minuta Mayer, 1890 Mayerella redunca McCain, 1968 Paracaprella digitimanus Quitete, 1971 Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 Pseudaeginella biscaynensis (McCain, 1968) Subfamily Phtisicinae Vassilenko, 1968 Hemiproto wigleyi McCain, 1968 Phtisica marina Slabber, 1769 Key to the species of Caprellidae from Venezuela This key is meant as an easy field guide to be used without dissections. For illustration of morphological terms see Fig Gills on pereonites 2-4. Pereopods 3 and 4 six-articulate... 2 Gills on pereonites 3 and 4. Pereopods 3 and 4 reduced (one- or two-articulate) or absent Abdomen with two pairs of appendages in males, one pair in females Hemiproto wigleyi (Fig. 15) Abdomen with three pairs of appendages in males, two pairs in females Phtisica marina (Fig. 16) 3. Pereopod 5 reduced to three minute articles... Mayerella redunca (Figs. 10, 11) Pereopod 5 six-articulate Pereopods 3 and 4 absent... 5 Pereopods 3 and 4 present, though reduced to one or two articles Head with a well-developed rostrum... Caprella penantis (Fig. 5) Head without a well-developed rostrum Pereonite 2 with a ventral projection between gnathopods 2. Propodus of pereopods 5-7 with grasping spines... Caprella equilibra (Fig. 4) Pereonite 2 without ventral projection between ganthopods 2. Propodus of pereopods 5-7 without grasping spines... Caprella danilevskii (Fig. 3) 7. Pereopods 3 and 4 one-articulate... 8 Pereopods 3 and 4 two-articulate Head smooth. Pereonite 2 with a ventral projection. Abdomen with distinct appendages visible in lateral view... Hemiaegina minuta (Fig. 9) Head and pereonite 1 with dorsal projections. Pereonite 2 without ventral projection. Abdomen with shorter appendages......pseudaeginella biscaynensis (Fig. 14) 9. Head with one or two dorsal projections. Deutella incerta (spiny form) (Fig. 7) Head smooth, without dorsal projections Antenna 1 longer than combined length of head plus pereonites 1 and Antenna 1 shorter than combined length of head plus pereonites 1 and Anterolateral projections on pereonites 3 and 4 well developed Deutella margaritae (Fig. 8) Anterolateral projections on pereonites 3 and 4 not well developed Deutella incerta (smooth form) (Fig. 6) 12. Propodus of gnathopod 2 with a ventral projection medially Paracaprella digitimanus (Fig. 12) Propodus of gnathopod 2 without ventral projection... Paracaprella pusilla (Fig. 13) Data on individual species Subfamily Caprellinae Leach, 1814 Caprella danilevskii Czerniavskii, 1868 (Fig. 3) Caprella Danilevskii Czerniavskii, 1868: 92, pl. 6, figs Mayer (1890: 58, pl. 5, fig. 44; pl. 7, figs ) Caprella Danilewskii Czerniavskii. Chevreux and Fage (1925: 454, fig. 432). Caprella danilevskii Czerniavskii. McCain (1968: 22, figs ); McCain and Steinberg (1970: 16); Cavedini (1982: 499); Krapp-Schickel (1993: 779, fig. 531); Camp (1998: 132); Guerra-García and Takeuchi (2002: , fig. 6). Caprella inermis Haswell, 1879: Material examined (76 specimens). Station 18: 2 females, 3 juveniles (USB-SU0187), 03/15/2001; 2 males, 1 female (USB-SU0263), 03/15/2001. Station 26: 2 males, 1 female, 1 juvenile (USB-NE0042), 08/13/2000. Station 27: 16 males, 48 females (USB- NE0048), 1 male, 1 female (both used for lateral-view figures) (MNCN 20.04/5894), 08/15/2000. Remarks. Although Caprella danilevskii is widely distributed around the world (McCain and Steinberg 1970; Guerra-García and Takeuchi 2004), the first record for Venezuela is recent (Villarroel and Graziani 1997). The Venezuelan specimens are in agreement with the Mediterranean material described by Krapp- Schickel (1993) and the Atlantic specimens figured by McCain (1968). The distinctive male abdomen, the

4 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 4 absence of grasping spines on the pereopods, and the short dactylus of male gnathopod 2 distinguishes this species from other species of Caprella. The life history of C. danilevskii is one of the most well known in the Caprellidae; Takeuchi and Hirano (1991) studied the growth and reproduction of this species based on Japanese specimens. Habitat. This species has been found living on algae, seagrasses, sponges, tunicates and bryozoans (Mc- Cain 1968). In the present study, Caprella danilevskii was found clinging on the algae Sargassum sp., Acantophora sp., Gracilaria sp., Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, 1753, and Hypnea muscifornis J.V. Lamouroux, Caprella equilibra Say, 1818 (Fig. 4) Caprella equilibra Say, 1818: McCain (1968: 25, figs ); McCain and Steinberg (1970: 19); Cavedini (1982: 500); Krapp-Schickel (1993: , fig. 533); Camp (1998: 132); Guerra-García and Thiel (2001: , fig. 6). Caprella aequilibra Say. Mayer (1882: 45, pl. 1, fig. 7; pl. 2, fig. 1-11; pl. 4, figs ; pl. 5, figs ); Chevreux and Fage (1925: 455, fig. 433). Material examined (390 specimens). Station 17: 27 juveniles (USB-SU0544), 05/09/2003. Station 19: 1 female, 2 juveniles (USB-SU0208), 03/18/2003; 15 males, 14 females, 21 juveniles (USB-SU0254), 03/18/2003. Station 20: 1 male, 4 females (USB- SU0347), 1 male, 1 female (both used for lateral-view figures) (MNCN 20.04/5895), 05/08/2003; 148 specimens (USB-SU0348), 05/08/2003; 100 specimens (USB-SU0349), 05/08/2003; 11 males, 15 females, 30 juveniles (USB-SU0555), 05/06/2003; 1 male (USB- SU0656), 05/06/2003. Remarks. Caprella equilibra, similarly to C. danilevskii, is widely distributed around the world (McCain and Steinberg 1970; Krapp-Schickel 1993). The Venezuelan specimens have a distinctive ventral projection between gnathopods 2 that is characteristic for this species. The presence of C. equilibra in Venezuela was reported by McCain (1968), based on specimens from Puerto Cabello, Carabobo state. All the material included in the present study is from Sucre state. Habitat. Caprella equilibra has been found on seagrasses, algae, sponges, hydroids, bryozoans, colonial ascidians and alcyonarians, from the intertidal to 3000m depth (Krapp-Schickel 1993). The species is also found on artificial devices such as aquaculture nets, water duct pipes, power plants, as well as on floating substrates, e.g. buoys and drifting algae (Takeuchi and Sawamoto 1998; Thiel et al. 2003). Caprella equilibra feeds principally by filtering, frequently using grooming behaviour (Guerra-García et al. 2002). In the present study, this species was found on mussels, turkey wings (Arca zebra (Swainson, 1833)), on Thalassia testudinum Banks ex König, 1805, and algae. Caprella penantis Leach, 1814 (Fig. 5) Caprella Penantis Leach, 1814: 404. Caprella acutifrons Mayer, 1882: 48. Mayer (1890: 50, pl. 2, figs , 39-41, pl. 4, figs , 55, 57-61, 65-69; including the forms neglecta, tabida, gibbosa, carolinensis, lusitanica, virginia); Mayer (1903: 79, pl. 3, figs. 4-28; pl. 7, figs ). Caprella penantis Leach. McCain (1968: 33, figs ); McCain and Steinberg (1970: 33); Cavedini (1982: 508); Krapp-Schickel (1993: ); Camp (1998: 132); Guerra-García and Takeuchi (2002: , fig. 12). Material examined (1 specimen). Station 19: 1 male (used for lateral-view figure) (USB-SU0281), 03/13/2001. Remarks. The specimen represents the first record of Caprella penantis from Venezuela. The species has been recorded under several species- or subspecies names from temperate regions worldwide (McCain and Steinberg 1970). Further morphological and molecular studies are required to evaluate the respective status of these nominal species or subspecies (McCain 1968; Laubitz 1972; Takeuchi and Hirano 1995). Habitat. This species has been found on red and brown algae, seagrasses such as Posidonia, on hydroids, alcyonarians, zoantharians, bryozoans, sponges, and attached to echinoderms (Arbacia) and decapods (Libinia) (McCain 1968; Krapp-Schickel 1993). The specimen found during the present study was collected among mussels, Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) and P. viridis (Linnaeus, 1758). Deutella incerta (Mayer, 1903) (Figs. 6,7) Luconacia incerta Mayer, 1903: 49-50, pl. 2, figs ; pl.6, figs ; pl. 9, figs. 21, 40, 57. McCain (1968: 53-54, 68-72, figs ); McCain and Steinberg (1970: 53). Protellopsis stebbingii Kunkel, 1910: , fig. 43. Deutella incerta (Mayer). Steinberg & Dougherty, 1957: 281, Gable and Lazo-Wasem (1987: , fig. 4); Camp (1998: 132); Guerra-García (2003a: , fig. 3). Material examined (113 specimens). Station 1: 1 female (USB-FA0632), 05/08/2000; 1 male, 1 female, 1 juvenile (USB-FA0787), 08/02/2000; 3 males, 2 females, 1 juvenile (USB-FA0965), 08/02/2000; 1 juvenile (USB-FA1024), 08/02/2000; 1 female (USB-FA1464), 07/16/2001. Station 4: 1 male, 1 female (USB-FA0187), 12/1993. Station 6: 1 male, 4

5 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 5 females, 3 juveniles (USB-FA0544), 02/08/2000; 1 female (USB-FA0630), 05/2000; 1 male, 1 female, 2 juveniles (USB-FA0701), 08/02/2000; 2 females, 3 juveniles (USB-FA0784), 08/02/2000; 1 juvenile (USB- FA0785), 08/02/2000; 1 juvenile (USB-FA0786), 08/02/2000; 1 juvenile (USB-FA0788), 08/02/2000; 1 juvenile (USB-FA0999), 02/12/2001; 1 male (USB- FA1010), 11/05/2000; 1 juvenile (USB-FA1011); 1 female (USB-FA1017), 11/05/2000. Station 7: 1 female (USB-FA0192), 12/1993; 1 juvenile (USB-FA1480), 05/08/2000. Station 8: 1 female (USB-FA0305), 10/02/1999; 1 female (USB-FA0607), 05/08/2000; 5 males, 1 female (USB-FA0634), 1 male, 1 female (used for lateral-view figure, Fig. 6) (MNCN 20.04/5896), 05/08/2000; 2 females (USB-FA0950), 08/02/2000; 1 juvenile (USB-FA0976), 02/12/2001; 1 juvenile (USB- FA1007), 11/05/2000; 4 juveniles (USB-FA1008), 11/05/2000; 1 female (USB-FA1452), 07/16/2001. Station 9: 7 males, 6 females, 4 juveniles (USB-FA0633), 05/08/2000; 1 male, 2 females (USB-FA0708), 08/02/2000; 1 female (USB-FA0940), 08/02/2000; 4 males, 2 females (USB-FA1014), 11/05/2000; 1 juvenile (USB-FA1015), 11/05/2000; 2 females (USB- FA1019), 11/2000; 1 male (USB-FA1020), 11/05/2000; 1 female (USB-FA1239), 07/16/2001; 5 males, 2 females, 6 juveniles (USB-FA1479), 06/1993. Station 12: 1 female (USB-AR0247), 07/25/1980. Station 13: 1 female (USB-AR0302), 08/1981. Station 15: 1 male, 2 females (USB-AN0059), 01/1999. Station 16: 1 female (USB-AN0094), 03/24/2000. Type material (Fig. 7): 1 male, 1 female (paralectotypes) (USNM ) collected from 29º28 N, 87º56 W, Albatros, station 2389, 49 meters. Remarks. Deutella incerta is widely distributed in the temperate and tropical areas of the western North Atlantic (McCain 1968) and seems to be one of the most common caprellids in Bermuda (Gable and Lazo- Wasem 1987). McCain (1968) had already reported the presence of this species in Venezuelan waters. A detailed discussion regarding the status of D. incerta is included in Guerra-García (2003a). McCain (1968) pointed out that this species varies considerably in the degree of body spination; larger individuals bear dorsal projections, but the latter are absent in the smaller specimens. All the specimens examined for the present study lack dorsal projections, and their morphology is in agreement with the small specimens figured by McCain (1968), but differs from the type specimens, which are provided with distinct projections (Fig. 7). Habitat. This species has been collected on mangrove roots, Sargassum sp., Thalassia sp., sponges, hydroids, alcyonarians and ascidians, and occasionally it has been taken in plankton tows (Guerra-García 2003a). The material studied here was collected from sandy bottoms and from Thalassia testudinum. Deutella margaritae Guerra-García, 2003 (Fig. 8) Deutella margaritae Guerra-García, 2003a: , figs Material examined (966 specimens). Station 22: 1 male (USB-NE0007), 04/08/1998. Station 23: 34 males, 15 females, 53 juveniles (USB-NE0192), 12/18/2003; 14 males, 8 females, 97 juveniles (USB- NE0193), 12/18/2003; 25 males, 30 females, 64 juveniles (USB-NE0194), 12/18/2003; 230 specimens (USB-NE0195), 12/18/2003; 156 specimens (USB- NE0202), 12/18/2003. Station 24: 13 males, 11 females, 7 juveniles (USB-NE0174), 12/18/2003. Station 25: 1 female (USB-NE0008), 07/05/1998; 25 males, 9 females, 30 juveniles (USB-NE0157), 11/05/2003; 23 males, 27 females, 4 juveniles (USB-NE0180), 11/05/2003; 30 males, 35 females, 14 juveniles (USB- NE0187), 11/05/2003. Type material (Fig. 8): Holotype male (USNM ), allotype female (USNM ) and paratypes (3 males, 7 females, USNM ), 01/11/1964 from Puente de la Restinga, Isla Margarita, Venezuela. Remarks. This is the first record of Deutella margaritae after the original description (Guerra-García 2003a), based on material from Isla Margarita, Venezuela. The specimens have been assigned to D. margaritae mainly on the basis of the similar morphology of pereopods 3 and 4, mouthparts and abdomen, and the presence of distinctive anterolateral projections on pereonites 2-4. However, in the examined specimens pereopod 5 is inserted at midlength of the pereonite 5 (similar to Deutella incerta) and not on the posterior end as in the type specimens. We have found a considerable degree of variation in Deutella species from Venezuela, thus do not discount the possibility that a complex of several more species of Deutella may exist there. Further morphological and, especially, molecular studies would be necessary to clarify the systematics of Deutella in Venezuelan waters. At this time, we maintain the two species already recorded from Venezuela, and prefer not to erect any new species without clear evidence of discrete characteristics. Habitat. The type material was found in boulders near Rhizophora sp. The material examined in the present study was collected from oysters and hydroids, Halocordyle disticha (Goldfuss, 1820), on roots of Rhizophora mangle L. Hemiaegina minuta Mayer, 1890 (Fig. 9)

6 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 6 Hemiaegina minuta Mayer, 1890: 40, pl. 1, figs ; pl. 3, figs ;pl. 5, figs ; pl. 6, figs. 13, 33 34, pl. 7, fig. 4. McCain (1968: 61 64, figs ); McCain and Steinberg (1970: 51); Gable and Lazo-Wasem (1987: 637); Müller (1990: 836); Serejo (1997: 631, fig. 1); Camp (1998: 132); Guerra-García (2003b: 6-7, fig. 3; 2003c: , fig.10). Hemiaegina quadripunctata Sundara Raj, 1927: , pl. 18. Hemiaegina costai Quitete, 1972: , pls Material examined (3 specimens). Station 20: 1 juvenile (USB-SU0722), 1 male, 1 female (both used for lateral-view figures) (MNCN 20.04/5897), 05/06/2003. Remarks. Hemiaegina minuta is widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters of the world s oceans (Müller 1990). The species was reported from Venezuela by Stoner and Lewis (1985) from Gran Roque Island, Archipiélago Los Roques (11º55 N, 66º40 W) during an ecological study. The material studied from Sucre state is scarce and in poor condition (e.g. male lacks gnathopods 2). Habitat. Hemiaegina minuta has been collected from Sargassum sp. and taken in plankton tows (Mc- Cain and Steinberg 1970). Müller (1990) reported H. minuta as preferring more or less exposed reef locations. The species has been collected also from Thalassia testudinium (Stoner and Lewis 1985). Guerra-García (2003b) found it associated with Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh on the coast of Mauritius, and Guerra-García (2003c) reported it from Papua New Guinea, living on Dictyota sp., Halimeda sp., Gracilaria sp., Galaxaura sp., and Amansia glomerata (Agardh) Norris, Hemiaegina minuta also has been found associated with many different substrata in Queensland: green algae such as Halimeda sp., brown and red algae, sponges, tunicates, seagrasses such as Posidonia sp., dead corals encrusted with algal turf, and under small boulders (Guerra-García, personal observations). The specimens studied in the present work were found on turkey wings (Arca zebra). Mayerella redunca McCain, 1968 (Figs ) Mayerella redunca McCain, 1968: 75-78, figs , 50. McCain and Steinberg (1970: 53); Guerra- García (2003d: 189, 191, 194, figs. 8, 11). Material examined (5 specimens). Station 5: 1 female (USB-FA0216), 03/29/2000. Station 10: 1 female (used for lateral-view figure, Fig. 10) (MNCN 20.04/5898), 12/1981; 1 juvenile (USB-CA0445), 01/1982. Type material (Fig. 11): Holotype male (USNM ), allotype female (USNM ) collected from North of Coche Island, Nueva Esparta state, Venezuela, 10º50 N, 63º54 W, 04/15/1939. Remarks. The specimens reported here represent the first record of the species from Venezuela since the original description by McCain (1968). As far as is known, Mayerella redunca is endemic to Venezuela. A revision of the genus Mayerella can be found in Guerra-García (2003d). Habitat. McCain (1968) reported that specimens were collected between 35m and 60m depth, but he did not mention any substrates. The female from Falcon state was collected from sandy bottoms, the remaining two specimens in plankton samples. Paracaprella digitimanus Quitete, 1971 (Fig. 12) Paracaprella digitimanus Quitete, 1971: 161, figs Wakabara and Serejo (1998: 585). Material examined (2 specimens). Station 20: 1 male (MNCN 20.04/5899), 1 juvenile (USB-SU0721), 03/13/2001. Remarks. The original description of Paracaprella digitimanus was based on material from Brazil (Quitete 1971); the present finding is the first for Venezuela. Although the genus Paracaprella is still awaiting revision, P. digitimanus can be easily distinguished from its congeners by a striking projection on the propodus of gnathopod 2. Habitat. Quitete (1971) collected Paracaprella digitimanus from hydroids. The two specimens reported here were found on mussels (Perna perna and P. viridis). Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 (Fig. 13) Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890: 41, pl. 1, figs ; pl. 3; figs ; pl. 5, figs ; pl. 6, fig. 10; 1903: 67, pl. 2, figs ; pl. 7, fig. 52. Steinberg and Dougherty (1957: , figs. 16, 19, 24, 30); McCain (1968: 82-86, figs ); Wakabara et al. (1991: 73); Camp (1998: 132); Guerra-García and Thiel (2001: 880, fig. 8). Caprella nigra Reid, 1951: , 289, fig. 58. Material examined (2324 specimens). Station 2: 1 female (USB-FA0564), 08/30/2000. Station 10: 1 juvenile (USB-CA0054), 01/1982; 1 male (USB-CA0055), 04/1982; 1 juvenile (USB-CA0065), 04/1982; 1 female (USB-CA0071), 02/1982; 1 female (USB-CA0099), 01/1986; 1 juvenile (USB-CA0132), 05/1982; 1 female (used for lateral-view figure) (MNCN 20.04/5900), 04/1982; 1 male (USB-CA0143), 04/1982; 1 juvenile (USB-CA0169); 1 juvenile (USB-CA0212); 1 male (USB-CA0237); 2 juveniles (USB-CA0300), 07/1982; 2 males, 1 female (USB-CA0305), 10/1982; 3 males (USB-CA0312), 11/1982; 4 males, 4 females, 1 juvenile

7 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 7 (USB-CA0316), 08/1982; 3 juveniles (USB-CA0321), 12/1982; 1 male, 2 juveniles (USB-CA0334), 1 male (MNCN 20.04/5901), 11/1982; 3 males (USB-CA0465), 03/1981. Station 11: 6 males, 13 females, 8 juveniles (USB-CA0431), 1 male, 1 female (MNCN 20.04/5309), 08/29/2000. Station 14: 1 female (USB-AR0013), 07/24/1980. Station 20: 22 males, 14 females, 86 juveniles (USB-SU0346), 1 male (used for lateral-view figure), 1 female (MNCN 20.04/5902), 05/08/2003; 210 specimens (USB-SU0350), 05/08/2003; 213 specimens (USB-SU0351), 05/08/2003; 201 specimens (USB- SU0352), 05/08/2003; 169 specimens (USB-SU0353), 05/08/2003; 193 specimens (USB-SU0354), 08/05/2003; 215 specimens (USB-SU0355), 05/08/2003; 255 specimens (USB-SU0356), 05/08/2003; 209 specimens (USB-SU0357), 05/08/2003; 147 specimens (USB- SU0358), 05/08/2003; 194 specimens (USB-SU0366), 05/08/2003. Station 21: 2 females (USB-SU0575), 05/07/2003. Station 23: 46 males, 49 females, 21 juveniles (USB-NE0210), 12/18/2003. Station 24: 2 males (USB-NE0213), 12/18/2003. Station 25: 1 female (USB-NE0214), 11/05/2003; 2 males, 2 females (USB- NE0215), 11/05/2003. Remarks. Mayer (1890) described Paracaprella pusilla based on material collected from Brazil. Later, the species was reported from Venezuela by McCain (1968). Paracaprella pusilla is similar to Paracaprella tenuis Mayer, 1903; however, males of the former can be distinguished by the large, sharp-pointed projection on the anteroventral margin of pereonite 2, the proximal knob on the basis of gnathopod 2, and by the presence of setae on the dactylus of gnathopod 2 (McCain 1968). Large males of P. pusilla are very similar to large males of P. barnardi McCain, 1967 in that both bear a small anterodorsal tubercle on pereonite 2; however, the tubercle is not as well developed in the former as in the latter species, and the ventrolateral projection on the anterior margin of pereonite 2 is much larger in P. pusilla (see McCain 1967). Habitat. Paracaprella pusilla has been collected from mangrove roots, seagrasses, hydroids and ascidians (McCain 1968). The specimens collected here were found on gravel bottoms, ropes, mussels, oysters, sabellariid worm rock (Phragmatopoma lapidosa (Kinberg, 1867)), and on hydroids (e.g. Halocordyle disticha) associated with mangrove roots. Pseudaeginella biscaynensis (McCain, 1968) (Fig. 14) Fallotritella biscaynensis McCain, 1968: 58-61, figs , 53. McCain and Steinberg (1970: 51); Gable and Lazo-Wasem (1987: ). Pseudaeginella biscaynensis (Mc Cain). Laubitz (1995: 88); Camp (1998: 132). Remarks. Laubitz (1995) considered Fallotritella as synonymous with Pseudaeginella. Pseudaeginella biscaynensis is common in Caribbean waters (McCain and Steinberg 1970). In spite of the considerable number of stations sampled along the Venezuelan coast during the present work, we have not found P. biscaynensis. However, the species has been reported from Venezuela by Stoner and Lewis (1985), based on material from Gran Roque Island, Archipiélago Los Roques (11º55 N, 66º40 W), collected during an ecological study. The figures included here are taken from McCain (1968) and based on the type material from Florida. Habitat. The species is associated with red algae (McCain 1968), the green alga Avrainvillea sp. and the seagrass Thalassia sp. (Gable and Lazo-Wasem 1987; Stoner and Lewis 1985), with corals, Cymodocea sp. and Syringodium sp. (Guerra-García 2002), and with the seaweed Galaxaura sp. (Guerra-García 2003c). Subfamily Phtisicinae Vassilenko, 1968 Hemiproto wigleyi McCain, 1968 (Fig. 15) Hemiproto wigleyi McCain, 1968: 65-68, figs. 31, 32(c-e), 50. McCain and Steinberg (1970: 51); Camp (1998: 132). Material examined (13 specimens). Station 6: 1 female (USB-FA1012), 11/05/2000; 1 female (USB- FA1016), 11/05/2000; 1 female (USB-FA1018), 11/05/2000; 1 male (USB-FA1123), 08/02/2000; 1 juvenile (USB-FA1481), 02/12/2000. Station 7: 1 male, 1 female (USB-FA0609), 1 female (used for lateralview figure) (MNCN 20.04/5903), 05/08/2000; 1 male (used for lateral-view figure) (MNCN 20.04/5904), 05/08/2000. Station 8: 1 female (USB-FA1009), 11/05/2000; 1 female (USB-FA1025), 11/05/2000. Station 9: 1 male (USB-FA0012), 06/1993. Station 21: 1 female (MNCN 20.04/5905), 05/07/2003. Remarks. Hemiproto is, so far, a monotypic genus and includes the single species H. wigleyi, described by McCain (1968). This species is known from Coche Island, Nueva Esparta state, Venezuela, collected at 35-60m depth, and from Fort Lauderdale, Florida, at 32 m. Watling (1997) reported H. wigleyi from the Santa Maria Basin region, California. We have assigned the specimens collected from Falcon state to H. wigley mainly on the basis of the combination of the following characteristics: molar absent; mandibular palp threearticulate; pereopods 3 and 4 six-articulate; pereopod 5 five-articulate; abdomen with two pairs of uni-articulate appendages in males (one of them reduced), and only one pair in females. Habitat. The ecology of this species is unknown. McCain (1968) only reported that specimens were col-

8 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 8 lected between 35m and 60 m depth, but he did not mention any substrates. The specimens reported here were collected from sandy bottoms and living on Thalassia testudinum and Halimeda opuntia J.V. Lamouroux, Phtisica marina Slabber, 1769 (Fig. 16) Phtisica marina Slabber, 1769: 77, pl. 10. Chevreux and Fage (1925: 434, fig. 422); McCain (1968: 91, figs ); McCain and Steinberg (1970: 65); Camp (1998: 132); Guerra-García and Takeuchi (2002: 705). Proto brunneovittata Haller, 1879: 231. Haller (1880: 339, pl. 22, figs ). Proto pedata Haller, 1879: 230. Haller (1880: 398). Proto ventricosa Mayer, 1882: 22, pl. 1, fig. 1; pl. 3, figs ; pl. 4, figs ; pl.5, figs Mayer (1890: 12, pl. 3, figs. 4-6; pl. 5, figs. 3-6; pl. 6, fig. 1; pl. 7, fig. 1); Mayer (1903: 20, pl. 6, fig. 23). Material examined (1 specimen). Station 3: 1 immature female (used for lateral-view figure) (USB- FA0465), 05/25/2000. Remarks. Phtisica marina is widely distributed in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and in the Mediterranean Sea (McCain 1968; Krapp-Schickel 1993). Mc- Cain (1968) reported the species from Cubagua and Margarita Islands, Nueva Esparta state, Venezuela. Phtisica marina can be differentiated from Hemiproto wigleyi mainly by the abdomen (see also the remarks under H. wigleyi). Habitat. This species has been reported from green and brown algae, seagrasses, sponges, hydroids, bryozoans, echinoderms (Asteroidea), and to a depth of 660 m (McCain 1968; Krapp-Schickel 1993). The specimen reported here was collected from sandy bottoms at 15m depth. A predatory mode of life is suggested for this species (Guerra-García et al. 2002). Acknowledgements We are very grateful to J. Gutiérrez ( Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Venezuela), J. Bolaños ( Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela), and W. Feragotto ( Benthos Buceo Profesional, Venezuela) for providing some of the samples. Thanks are also due to the Agenda Parque Nacional Morrocoy -FONACIT, Venezuela (project number V), and to the University of Sevilla, Spain ( III Plan Propio de Apoyo a Programas Internacionales ) for financial support. References Camp, D.K., Checklist of shallow-water marine malacostracan Crustacea of Florida, in: Camp, D.K., Lyons, W.G., Perkins, T.H. (Ed.), Checklists of Selected Shallow-water Marine Invertebrates of Florida. Florida Mar: Res: Inst: Techn: Rep: TR-3, Cavedini, P., Contributo alla conoscenza dei Caprellidi del Mediterraneo (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Boll. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Verona 8, Chevreux, E., Fage, L., Amphipodes. Faune de France 9, Czerniavskii, V., Materialia ad zoographiam Ponticam comparatam. Trav. Soc. Natural. St. Pétersbg. 1, Escobar-Briones, E., Winfield, I., Checklist of the benthic Gammaridea and Caprellidea (Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda) from the Gulf of Mexico continental shelf and slope. Belg. J. Zool. 133, Gable, M.F., Lazo-Wasem, E.A., The Caprellids (Amphipoda: Caprellida) of Bermuda: a survey of specimens collected from , including cave inhabitants, and the description of Deutella aspiducha, new species. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 100, Guerra-García, J.M., Redescription of Caprellina longicollis (Nicolet, 1849) (Amphipoda, Caprellidea, Phtiscidae) from Chile, with notes on ontogenetic development and clinging behaviour. Crustaceana 74, Guerra-García, J.M., Redescription of five rare caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidea) collected from Tanzanian coasts. Helgol. Mar. Res. 55, Guerra-García, J.M., 2003a. Revision of the genus Deutella (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidea) with description of a new species, redescription of Deutella venenosa Mayer, 1890 and a key to the species of Deutella. J. Nat. Hist. 37, Guerra-García, J.M., 2003b. The Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Mauritius Island, Western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 232, Guerra-García, J.M., 2003c. Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new species. Helgol. Mar. Res. 57, Guerra-García, J.M., 2003d. Redescription of Mayerella magellanica McCain & Gray, 1971 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidea) from Chile with a revision of the genus Mayerella. Hydrobiologia 490, Guerra-García, J.M., Corzo, J., García-Gómez, J.C., Clinging behaviour of the Caprellidea (Amphipoda) from the Strait of Gibraltar. Crustaceana 75, Guerra-García, J.M., Takeuchi, I., The Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Ceuta, North Africa, with the description of three species of Caprella, a key to the species of Caprella, and biogeographical discussion. J. Nat. Hist. 36, Guerra-García, J.M., Takeuchi, I., The Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Tasmania. J. Nat. Hist. 38, Guerra-García, J.M., Thiel, M., La fauna de caprélidos (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidea) de la costa de Coquimbo, centro-norte de Chile, con una clave taxonómica para la identificación de las especies. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 74, Haller, G., Vorläufige Notizen über die Systematik der im Mittelmeer vorkommenden Caprelliden. Zool. Anz. 2,

9 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 9 Haller, G., Miscellanea arthropodologica. I. Beschreibung zweier neuer Caprellen. Z. Ges. Naturwiss. 6, Haswell, W.A., On some additional new genera and species of amphipod crustaceans. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 4, Krapp-Schickel, T., Suborder Caprellidea, in: Ruffo, S. (Ed.), The Amphipoda of the Mediterranean. Mém. Inst. Oceanogr., Monaco, pp Kunkel, B.W., The Amphipoda of Bermuda. Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci. 16, Laubitz, D.R., The Caprellidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of Atlantic and Arctic Canada. Natl. Mus. Canada Publ. Biol. Oceanogr. 4, Laubitz, D.R., Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) towards a new synthesis. J. Nat. Hist. 27, Laubitz, D.R., Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the southern and western Indian ocean. Mésogée 54, Leach, W.E., Crustaceology. Vol 7, in: Brewster, D. (Ed.), Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Caprellidae, pp Mayer, P., Die Caprelliden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel 6, Mayer, P., Die Caprelliden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel 17, Mayer, P., Die Caprellidae der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Exped. 34, McCain, J.C., Paracaprella barnardi, a new species of caprellid (Crustacea; Amphipoda) from the west coast of Panamá. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 80, McCain, J.C., The Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of the western north Atlantic. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 278, McCain, J.C., Steinberg, J.E., Amphipoda-I, Caprellidea-I, in: Gruner, H.E., Holthuis, L. B. (Eds.), Crustaceorum Catalogus 2, pp Müller, H.G., New species and records of coral reef inhabiting Caprellidae from Bora Bora and Moorea, Society Islands (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Rev. Suisse Zool. 97, Myers, A.A., Lowry, J.K., A phylogeny and a new classification of the Corophiidea Leach, 1814 (Amphipoda). J. Crust. Biol. 23, Ortíz, M., Alvárez, F., Winfield, I., Caprellid amphipods (Amphipoda: Caprellidae) illustrated key for the genera and species from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Quitete, J.M.P.A., Paracaprella digitimanus, nova espécie de Caprellidae da costa brasileira (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Atas Soc. Biol. Rio de Janeiro 14, Quitete, J.M.P.A., Hemiaegina costai, nova espécie de Caprellidae da costa brasileira (Crustacea: Amphipoda) Atas Soc. Biol. Rio de Janeiro 15, Reid, D.M., Report on the Amphipoda (Gammaridea and Caprellidea) of the coast of tropical West Africa. Atlantide Rep. 2, Say, T., An account of the Crustacea of the United States (Caprellidae). J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1, Serejo, C., Hemiaegina costai Quitete, 1972 a synonym of Hemiaegina minuta Mayer, 1890 (Amphipoda: Caprellidae). Crustaceana 70, Slabber, M., Natuurkundige verlustigingen, behelzende microscopise waarneemingen van in- en uitlandse water- en land-dieren. J. Bosch, Haarlem. Steinberg, J.E., Dougherty, E.C., The skeleton shrimps (Crustacea: Caprellidae) of the Gulf of Mexico. Tulane Stud. Zool. 5, Stoner, A.W., Lewis, F.G., The influence of quantitative aspects of habitat complexity in tropical sea-grass meadows. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 94, Sundara Raj, B., Suborder Caprellidea (Laemodipoda). The littoral fauna of Krusadai Island in the Gulf of Mannaer. Bull. Madras Gov. Mus., N. Ser., Nat. Hist. Sect. 1, Takeuchi, I., Is the Caprellidea a monophyletic group? J. Nat. Hist. 27, Takeuchi, I., Hirano, R., Growth and reproduction of Caprella danilevskii (Crustacea: Amphipoda) reared in the laboratory. Mar. Biol. 110, Takeuchi, I., Hirano, R., Clinging behaviour of the epifaunal caprellids (Amphipoda) inhabiting the Sargassum zone on the Pacific Coast of Japan, with its evolutionary implications. J. Crust. Biol. 15, Takeuchi, I., Sawamoto, S., Distribution of caprellid amphipods (Crustacea) in the western North Pacific based on the CSK International Zooplankton collection. Plankton Biol. Ecol. 45, Thiel, M., Guerra-García, J.M., Lancellotti, D.A., Vásquez, N., The distribution of littoral caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidea) along the Pacific coast of continental Chile. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 76, Villarroel, E.J., Graziani, C.A., Primer registro de Caprella danilevskii Czerniavskii (Amphipoda: Caprellidae) en Venezuela. Saber, Univ. Oriente 9, Wakabara, Y., Serejo, C.S., Malacostraca Peracarida. Amphipoda. Gammaridea and Caprellidae, in: Young, P.S. (Ed.), Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Ser. Livros 6, pp Wakabara, Y., Tararam, A.S., Valerio-Berardo, M.T., Duleba, W., Pereira F.P., Gammaridean and caprellidean fauna from Brazil. Hydrobiologia 223, Watling, L., The Suborder Caprellidea, in: Blake, J.A., Watling, L., Scott P.V. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel. Santa Barbara, California, pp

10 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 10 72º 60º 12º 1-9 CARIBBEAN Los Roques SEA VENEZUELA N ATLANTIC OCEAN COLOMBIA 2º BRAZIL Fig. 1: Map of Venezuela, showing the sampling localities. See also Table 1.

11 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 11 Fig. 2: Lateral view of a generalized caprellid (modified from McCain 1968).

12 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 12 Fig. 3: Caprella danilevksii Czerniavskii, Lateral view. A. Male. B. Female (MNCN 20.04/5894). Scale bar: 1 mm.

13 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 13 Fig. 4: Caprella equilibra Say, Lateral view. A. Male. B. Female (MNCN 20.04/5895). Scale bar: 1 mm.

14 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 14 Fig. 5: Caprella penantis Leach, Male, lateral view (USB-SU0281). Scale bar: 1 mm.

15 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 15 Fig. 6: Deutella incerta (Mayer, 1903). Lateral view. A. Male. B. Female (MNCN 20.04/ 5896). Scale bar: 1 mm.

16 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 16 Fig. 7: Deutella incerta (Mayer, 1903). Paralectotypes (USNM ). A. Male, lateral view. B. Female, lateral view. C. Male gnathopod 2. D. Female gnathopod 2 (refigured from Guerra-García 2003a). Scale bars: 1 mm.

17 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 17 Fig. 8: Deutella margaritae Guerra-García, Lateral view. A, Holotype male (USNM ). B. Allotype female (USNM ) (refigured from Guerra-García 2003a). Scale bar: 1 mm.

18 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 18 Fig. 9: Hemiaegina minuta Mayer, Lateral view. A. Male. B. Female (MNCN 20.04/5897). Scale bar: 1 mm.

19 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 19 Fig. 10: Mayerella redunca McCain, Female (MNCN 20.04/5898), lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

20 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 20 Fig. 11: Mayerella redunca McCain, A, C. Holotype male (USNM ). B, D. Allotype female (USNM ). A. Male, lateral view. B. Female, lateral view. C. Male gnathopod 2. D. Female gnathopod 2 (refigured from Guerra-García 2003d). Scale bars: 1 mm.

21 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 21 Fig. 12: Paracaprella digitimanus Quitete, A. Male (MNCN 20.04/5899), lateral view. B. Juvenile (USB- SU0721), lateral view; C, male gnathopod 2. Scale bars: A, B: 1 mm; C: 0.5 mm.

22 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 22 Fig. 13: Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, A. Male (MNCN 20.04/5902), lateral view. B. Female (MNCN 20.04/5900), lateral view. C. Male gnathopod 2. Scale bars: A, B: 1 mm; C: 0.5 mm.

23 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 23 Fig. 14: Pseudaeginella biscaynensis (McCain, 1968). Lateral view. A. Holotype male (USNM ). B. Allotype female (USNM ) (refigured from McCain 1968). Scale bar: 1 mm.

24 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 24 Fig. 15: Hemiproto wigleyi McCain, A. Male (MNCN 20.04/5904), lateral view. B. Female (MNCN 20.04/5903), lateral view. C. Male abdomen, ventral view. D. Female abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B: 1 mm; C, D: 0.05 mm.

25 Díaz & al.: Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Venezuela 25 Fig. 16: Phtisica marina Slabber, Premature female (USB-FA0465). A. Lateral view. B. Abdomen, ventral view. Scales bar: A: 1 mm; B: 0.1 mm.