FLOOD HAZARD MITIGATION NEAR TAMKANE VILLAGE ALONG THE BANK OF KOYANA RIVER IN WESTREN MAHARASHTRA UNDER THE GEOINFORMATICAL ENVIROMENT

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1 50 th IGC 50 th INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE 17 th 19 th DECEMBER 2015, Pune, Maharashtra, India Venue: College of Engineering (Estd. 1854), Pune, India FLOOD HAZARD MITIGATION NEAR TAMKANE VILLAGE ALONG THE BANK OF KOYANA RIVER IN WESTREN MAHARASHTRA UNDER THE GEOINFORMATICAL ENVIROMENT P.K.Deshpande, Asso. Prof., Civil Engg. Dept.,Govt.College of Engg,Karad. J.R.Patil, Principal, DACOE, Karad. S.B.Thalange, Asst.Prof., Civil Engg. Dept., W.I.T., Solapur. M.B.Kumthekar, Professor, Civil Engg. Dept., Govt.College of Engg,Karad. ABSTRACT: The main objective of the work is to collect the spatial data and non-spatial and generate the GIS layers using Geoinformatical tools, for the study of flood spread and its effect to affected area and propose the sustainable infrastructure and development plans for the flood management and mitigation as well as for socioeconomical development of selected area. The Geoinformatic tools are to be used as valuable and powerful decision support system for effective planning, efficient resource allocation and sustainable development planning. The scope of this work is to develop the sustainable structure which will direct helps in controlling, mitigating and managing the flood. The effortct has been made to suggest the flood related construction activity that may mitigate the frequent flood hazard condition along the banks of Koyana river near Tamkane, in district Satara of Western Maharashtra. Keywords: Flood Hazard Zonation, ASTER DEM, LANDSAT, PAN, Hazard Mitigation INTRODUCTION Floods are among the most destructive acts of nature. Flood damages to agriculture, houses and public utilities and each year in addition to the loss of precious human and cattle lives. However human activities in many circumstances change flood behavior. Activities in the flood plain and catchment such as land clearing for urbanization or agriculture, construction of infrastructures in the flood plain may increase the magnitude of flood which increases the damage to the properties and life. One of the ways to study and to understand the flood behavior, is by generating the flood extent or flood risk map. Geoinformatic tools are available to handle the processing of such problem as and also for generating flood layers for various scenarios. Further analysis such as flood damage assessment can be carried out for mitigation, management, planning and making suggestive proposals for sustainable infrastructural development in flood hazard zones. Geoinformatic Tools: Geoinformatics can be very effective for flood management in the following ways as detailed mapping that is required for the production of hazard assessment maps and for input to various types of hydrological models. Remote sensing and GIS technique has successfully established its application in following areas of flood management such as flood inundation mapping, flood plain zoning and river morphological studies. Morphology Study: River morphology is concerned with the structure and form of rivers including channel configuration, channel geometry, bed form and profile characteristics. Most of the flood prone rivers in India change their course after every flood wave eroding river banks. Satellite remote sensing

2 Authors names separated by comma / &, limited to one line on all even pages (Times New Roman 8 italics, aligned left) based morphological studies are quite useful in following aspects: To identify the changes in river course over a time period. To identify the erosion prone areas along the river course. To study the efficacy of flood management structures. The river configuration and flood control works maps can be effectively used to identify the vulnerable river reaches and status of the flood control embankments, so that necessary measures can be taken accordingly avoid breaches. The bank erosion maps can be used for planning bank protection works. The study of river configuration will be useful to understand the behavior of the river. FLOOD MANAGEMENT, A CASE STUDY Most of the part of Western Maharashtra that is best known to be the Deccan volcanic province as a typical Geographical location, Climatic condition, Geomorphologic and Geotechnical setup. It is known to be the worst affected area by the several natural calamities like flood, drought, disastrous seismicity; in chronological past and affected by severe monsoon which have caused many injuries, diseases, epidemics even the mass casualties, those adding to loss of health, economy and social burden on the development of Maharashtra. The Koyana Hydropower project which is associated with Koyana Dam and a typical Shivaji Sagar Reservoir having about 70 Km North-South orientation in its catchment sited on the forehead of Western Ghats. This project is also called as Bhagyalaxmi of Maharashtra state as its water is being used not only for electric power generation but also for irrigation and water supply. During the South-West monsoon Koyana catchment receives very heavy precipitation. Its typical North-South orientation allows the heavy over land flow collection in the catchment area. Its results in very rapid inflow and increase in the rate of filling of reservoir. And that is why in early monsoon period; even water level is much as below the HFL there is need of water discharge from dam, several times. It always results in the flood situation on banks of Koyana River. In the settlement like Patan and Karad and in continuation affects area of Sangli and Kolhapur District. Geoinformatics or Remote Sensing and GIS technique has now emerged as very fast accurate and reliable tool to develop the sustainable infrastructure and plans for the disaster management and mitigation. There is need now of judicious construction management that will help the new infrastructural development based on the RS and GIS based disaster management plan. The generated special and non special data and information regarding river basin, population, existing infrastructure, inundation and damage assessment etc. will prove to be useful in future planning. The work of increasing the height of bridges, strengthening the retaining wall, to avoid erosion. Rehabilitation of flood prone population etc. can be planned and may be proposed on the basis of present study. This will help to the civil engineers working in Krishna river basin down stream to the confluence of river s Krishna and Koyana at Karad. Geology and Present features of Tamkane. Geology: Geologically here there is a lateritic soil deposit which is formed as the result of decay of many types of rocks. The laterization is due to loss of silica from soil profile developed in humid regions where the process of leaching is much widespread. It is the in-situ decay and decomposition of basalts and other aluminous for the origin of most of laterite in this region. Here the lavas (cooled and consolidated to form igneous rocks) include varieties of basalts alternating with other. The bed of river has compact basalts, amygdaloidal basalts, vesicular basalts, porphyritic basalts, tachylitic basalts etc. The basalts and associated pyroclastics especially in the upper reaches of the basin has under gone intensive weathering under highly oxidizing and humid condition and ultimately converted into upper reaches, are capped by lateritic mesas. The area is subjected to erosion and the present basin is the relist feature of the same. Alluvium deposits

3 50 th IGC 50 th INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE 17 th 19 th DECEMBER 2015, Pune, Maharashtra, India Venue: College of Engineering (Estd. 1854), Pune, India formed during Pleistocene to recent are commonly found in the upper region. The secondary materials include unsorted fine to course grained Pleistocene deposits indicating the prevalence of ice age. Present features: Tamkane bridge which is constructed on Koyana river is located at latlon N to E. The bridge height is sufficient but at the discharge more than 1.1 lakh cusecs the bridge is partly under water. The bridge is new one and two lane and the bridge components as well as road bed is under the good condition. There is temple on right bank of river exactly at downstream side of bridge. The soil along the bank is lateritic soil which is deposited for long duration. The bank of river has been eroded severely during flood. On the downstream side of bridge, on both banks farming is done and the farm land has been washed away during the flood of 2005 and There is a formation of meandering along river length on upstream as well as downstream of bridge. There is a presence of black cotton soil on upper reaches of banks where farming is done. The rejuvenation of river bed is being found here. METHODOLOGY OF GENERATING LAYERS The Software ILWIS, develop by ITC Netherlands has been used in present study. After proper Geocoding and Georeferancing of IRS 1D PAN Data the sub-map consisting of the study area was extracted. With reference to flood hazard zonation map provided by the Koyana dam authority the flood hazard zonation map has been digitized in value domain for 2,55,000 cusecs. Similarly the segment for the minimum discharge of 2,200 cusecs have also been digitized. After interpolation this segment layer the flood hazard zonation map was ready that was further sliced into 8 different flood hazard zones as shown in Figure (01). Using the ASTER GDEM as the DTM the steropair of PAN imagery have been developed which is viewed as Anaglyph. After adding layer, of flood zone s, over the Anaglyph the assessment about the inundation area, vulnerability assessment of the flood inundated may possible that has be carried out. LANDSAT seven TM Data has also been used for the supervised classification of flood hazard zone. Band-4, Band-3, and Band-2 where used to develop the standard FCC of study area. Also the by using a Band rationing technique the area was classified into water, vegetation and barrier land Figure (02). This layer can be studied along with the flood zonation map and the Elevation Data derived from ASTER GDEM Figure(03). Finally Slope Aspect Sliced Map and Young s Slope Classification was done for detail study as shown in figure (04) and figure (05). After the brain storming on the generated Remote Sensing and GIS layers the further construction activities were digitized and quantified in software environment. After considering various layer combinations it is observed that there is a need of application of flood management and mitigation techniques. That will not only reduce the flood hazard but also support the sustainable infrastructure development along the river bank. The suggested Gabion wall and riprap method will definitely prevent the flood causes damage as shown in Figure (06) will help in infrastructural development along with flood management and mitigation plans. Suggesting gabion wall to resist the sever soil erosion and protect the agriculture land along side river near Helwak along with acting as barriers for the spread of water for mitigation. GIS segments related to proposed construction structure were exposed to the AutoCAD compatible data format and imported them in AutoCAD. With reference to segment the layout proposed structure were developed in AutoCAD environment as shown in figure (07).

4 Authors names separated by comma / &, limited to one line on all even pages (Times New Roman 8 italics, aligned left) Fig.01 Fig.04 Fig.02 Fig.05 Fig.03 Fig.06

5 50 th IGC 50 th INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE 17 th 19 th DECEMBER 2015, Pune, Maharashtra, India Venue: College of Engineering (Estd. 1854), Pune, India Fig.06 PROPOSAL OF SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT USING GEOINFORMTICAL TOOLS:- The Tamkane Bridge is located near to Patan city which connects the Tamkane and Morigiri, Donglewadi, Chavlwadi, Nerale village. The Morigiri where the Primary health center, higher Secondary school, Post office and village Market are the facilities present, so the Tamkane Bridge have connectivity importance. The bridge which is new one has sufficient height. The bridge component and road bed is under the good condition. But even then there is a need of some strengthening of bridge and concrete covering around the pier foot to protect from erosion. The bank of river where there is lateritic soil deposit has eroded severally during the flood. On the both sides of bank where farming is carried out, the farm land has been washed out and there is continuously erosion of soil along the bank. So, to have the preventive measure for soil erosion the suggestive sustainable structure should be proposed. Gabion wall and Riprap wall are the sustainable structures for the bank protection. The Gabion wall of length 1220 meter on right bank and on left bank of 585 meter of height six meter is proposed. The Riprap wall of length 1020 meter on left bank and of 1220 meter on right bank is proposed. Here at Tamkane the Artificial Pond can be made where the seasonal fisher s business can be carried along with the Rozen Barga, which has high demand and high market value. Additional revenue can be earned from the fresh water fish. After studying the created flood zonation layers as shown in figure (07), the Package drinking water production unit is being proposed in safer zone along the bank which will not only provide the employment to people but also develop surrounding area direct or indirectly. The total approximate estimated cost for sustainable infrastructure development may be calculated for Tamkane. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:- ASTER GDEM available on web source has found to be a very effective data to extract not only the contour drainage or slopes but also to generate many more RATER or the VECTOR out puts which may be interpreted for the flood related problems. ILIWS (Intergrated Land and Water Information System) is related the very effective software that is able handle the Remote sensing Data as well as various GIS segment and polygons. In the present study the flood hazard zonation map has been correlated with the 3D Anaglyph of PAN Data and other layer s derived from ASTER Data. On the bases of these study the flood related construction activity have been proposed and been estimating. It is, thus, concluded that ASTER GDEM is a very useful, efficiency and effective Data Base for planning engineer. REFERENCES: 1. A.M. Zende, P.K. Deshpande, M.B. Kumthekar, K.S. Wagh, Sustainable Developments Proposed In Kerala River Watershed Of Western Maharashtra, Based On Morphometric Analysis & Remote Sensing Data Interpretation, In GIS Environment FACE 08, 2nd National Conference on Focusing on Advances in Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India.21 23rd February Deshpande P.K., Kumthekar M.B. (2004) Geomorphometric analysis for sustainable

6 Authors names separated by comma / &, limited to one line on all even pages (Times New Roman 8 italics, aligned left) water resources planning and management using R.S. & GIS. PUBSWRPM, BITS Pilani.Oct-30, Pp National Disaster Management Guidelines for Management of Floods National Disaster Management Authority Government of India. January