LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION MAPPING IN GOPESHWAR, PIPALKOTI AND NANDPRAYAG AREAS OF UTTARAKHAND
|
|
- Bruno Lambert
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IGC 2009, Guntur, INDIA LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION MAPPING IN GOPESHWAR, PIPALKOTI AND NANDPRAYAG AREAS OF UTTARAKHAND P.K. Deshpande Department of Geology, Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli , (M.S.), India. J.R. Patil Professor of Civil Engineering & Vice Principal, D.Y. Patil College of Engg. Akurdi Pune , India. D.C. Nainwal Department of Geology, Government P.G. College, Gopeshwar, Dist. Chamoli , Uttarakhand, India. M.B. Kulkarni Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engg. & Technology, Warnanagar, Dist. Kolhapur , (M.S.), India. ABSTRACT: Garhwal Himalaya, the part of extra-peninsula that has been compressed 65% and resulted in the orogenesis to form very steep mountain range. The structural disturbances like folding, faulting and shearing are very common in this region. Slopes, deforestation, heavy precipitation and the road construction itself have found to be the main cause of slope instability. This area exhibits varieties of landslide movements. In the present work the attempt has been made to create the Landslide Hazard Zonation Map along with some predictive locations with the help of Remote Sensing data and the GIS layers mainly DEM, slope maps, and flow accumulation maps in small areas around Gopeshwar, Pipalkoti and Nandprayag in Uttarakhand state. The areas are structurally disturbed and lie in seismic zone IV and receive very high precipitation. Slope, lithology, water and road excavation are the main causes of landslide in this region. It has been confirmed after field visit that the slide prone sites mapped by flow accumulation, lithology and slope maps were really the landslide hazard zones with typical slope instability and many pre occurred slides have been observed during the groundtruthing field visit. 1. INTRODUCTION Gopeshwar, Nandprayag and Pipalkoti belong to Chamoli district of Uttarakhand state of India. Chamoli carved as a separate revenue district in 1960 out of the erstwhile Grahwal district, lies in the Central Himalya and constitutes a part of the celebrated Kedar Kshetra. The District Chamoli is surrounded by Uttarkashi in North-West, Pithoragarh in South-West, Almora in South East, Rudraprayag in South- West and Tehri Grahwal in West. The geographical area of the District is around 7520 sq.kms. The city of Gopeshwar is the district place of Chamoli district. It is situated on moderately sloping and southward descending spur. It is bounded by several landslide hazard zones in west, north and east side. There are some pre occurred slide events that had been triggered during Chamoli Earthquake. The rocks are mostly Limestones, structurally highly disturbed. Many prevention measures have been adopted in Gopeshwar city and along nearby roads. The area lies in seismic zone IV and receives heavy precipitations. Therefore, seismisity may be a triggering factor but slope, lithology and water are the main causes of landslides (Kolekar, 2007). In the present work the attempt has been made to create the landslide hazard zonation map along with some predictive locations with the help of Remote sensing data and the GIS layers mainly DEM, slope maps and flow accumulation maps. The similar type of criteria has also been applied for Pipalkoti and Nandprayag areas. Of these, Pipalkoti was found to be highly vulnerable site for slide hazard. 2. LOCATION AND SITE CONDITIONS 2.1 Location The study areas are lying between the latitudes "N to N and longitude E to E that includes Gopeshwar city of Chamoli district, the latitudes N to N and longitudes E to E, that includes the stretch of Chamoli-Joshimath 808
2 road near Pipalkoti and the latitudes N to N and longitudes E to E, that includes the area around the holy confluence of Alaknanda and Nandakini rivers. The area lies in the Survey of India toposheet No.53 N/7 covering the areas of sq.km, sq.km and sq.km respectively. The area is approachable through the road link and about 150 km far from Rishikesh on the way to Badrinath-Mana. 2.2 Geology The geology of the region shows Himalayan young mountain range. The section of the range in the district is deeply cut into by the headwaters of the Alaknanda River, this trunk stream seeming to have reached a latter stage of development than its tributaries. This much, however, is known that there has been intense metamorphosis and consists of rocks such as gneisses, limestone, phyllites, quartzite, sericite-biotite schist and slates. During the field work the team observed the formations of micaceous schist, gneisses, limestone, phyllites, quartzite and slates. All these rocks found to contain weak cohesion along the plains of schistosity. Splitting of the mass is very common along steep unstable slopes. The phenomenon is observed not only in the study area but also common along entire Rishikesh-Mana Highway. Physiographically the areas lie in a region of tectonic or folded and overthrust mountain chain with strata structurally marked by complex folds, reverse faults, overthrusts and nappes of great dimensions (Krishnan, 1982). All these, as well as frequent earthquake of varying intensity give the reason to believe that the region is still unstable. 2.3 Climate As the elevation of the district ranges from 800 m to 8000 m above sea level the climate of the district very largely depend on altitude. The winter season is from about mid November to March. As most of the region is situated on the southern slopes of the outer Himalayas, monsoon currents can enter through the valley, the rainfall being heaviest in the monsoon from June to September. 2.4 Rainfall Most of the rainfall occurs during the period June to September when 70 to 80 percent of the annual precipitation is accounted for in the southern half of the district and 55 to 65 percent in the northern half. The effectiveness of the rains is related to the vegetation cover that is poor or/and has steep slopes or the soils have been so denuded that their moisture absorption capacity has become marginal. Rain gauging stations put up at seven locations by Meteorological department of Govt. of India, represent the settled land mass of Chamoli district. 3. OBSERVATIONS AT SITES The following observations are noted at sites: The slope materials involved in the landslide are debris consisting of unsorted, angular weathered fragmental material with partially-cohesive lime rich soil matrix. The fracture zones, as above discussed, well split along road cut and slope and slightly deepened forming fracture controlled streams. The bedrock along the roads is fragmented into angular boulders. The blocks are dislodged from the slopes and toppled down and slided down along road causing the rock-fall and rockslide. Rock fall is associated with rapid down slope movement of angular fragmental colluvial material and upper soil layer causing the huge rock avalanching at several places. Debris flows are also common along the first or second ordered stream valleys. Some live debris flows have been observed during the fieldwork at Pipalkoti. 4. NOTE ON CAUSE OF SLOPE INSTABILITY The following factors together have caused the present landslides in all the three areas. 4.1 Slope, Water and Gravity Water is the most important factor. After percolation it reduces cohesion of the loose ground and makes it prone to slide has been observed here that the rain water, while percolating down, carries with it fine clay and silty material which may form a thin band at the interface of loose debris and underlying hard and structurally folded, faulted/sheared limestone. In the presence of water this clayey base, becomes very plastic and provides slippery base for a loose overburden to slip downwards. The presence of water also has increased the weight of the colluvium increasing the influence of gravity, and the slope is also above the angle of repose (more than 35 ). 4.2 Lithology The rocks are Limestones and Phyllites. Limestones have the organochemical origin and have the non plastic fine texture. Phyllites are the products of low grade dynamo thermal metamorphism of argillaceous sediments. Both these rocks are highly fractured (Krishnan, 1982). Since the Pipalkoti area lies at the intersection point of central boundary thrust and Srinagar thrust, the formation of steep slopes in loose pulverized mass is very common. The similar type of lithology but comparatively less slopes exist near Gopeshwar and Nandprayag. 4.3 Associated Structures The parallel fracture zones are found along the limbs of extensive folds along cutting across the road. In addition, 809
3 from the satellite data of (1.0 m resolution) the many features like light tone parabolic surface, have been identified in the area. They indicate the sights of pre occurred landslides. Some dislodged material on steep slopes alongside the Mana road is also observed and interpreted in hazard zone. 4.4 Deforestation Unfortunately, there is a very sever deforestation that is observed especially around Nandprayag and Chamoli, that have initiated considerable sliding movements. In future they may be converted into huge vulnerable zones and may interrupt the traffic rather transportation in the area. 4.5 Seismisity The area lies in seismic zone IV during all other favorable conditions to landslide. The minute, feeble to slight seismisity may have acted as a triggering factor. Seismically triggered landslides are observed along the road from Chamoli to Gopeshwar. 5. REMEDIAL MEASURES The failure of the slope is mainly dominated by the phenomenon of saturation of slope material due to intensive rainfall and permeability of soil. With the view of the above discussions following remedial measures are being suggested: a) Retaining wall may be constructed against the slope along the down slope roadside. b) A network of surface drains is to be provided in the uphill side of the road for efficient and quick drainage. The exact location and path may be derived from field geometry. The drains along fracture controlled streams may be sealed near road. A roadside deep trench drain with lining near the road is proposed in the uphill side. c) Unsorted, loose, colluvial debris or the glaciofluvial material resting along the angle of repose may be removed wherever possible. d) The affected cross drainage or culverts can be suggested to be in proper place so that water can pass through culvert and the water coming during rainfall may be discharged without percolation. Some large box culverts have already been constructed along the valley associated with sharp road turn. e) The part of fracture zones near the roadside and also at the foundation of retaining wall may be sealed by using proper grouting techniques. f) It is good that the sustainable measures are being taken to protect the plants in the uphill side of the road. The same may be continued to avoid the future deforestation. g) There is a need to develop a technique to construct a road without any excavation along the slide hazard zone, in some economic way. As the landslides in Gharwal regions are mostly initiated during the excavation of road and gradually turn in huge slope failure. Road and roadside village vulnerability is very common. Judicious excavations seems to be only way to avoid future failures. h) Considering the lithology, structural geology, physiographic and the seismisity in the area, it is suggested that even after applying the necessary landslide preventive measures, the constant monitoring and maintenance will be essential and may be provided. 6. METHODOLOGY FOR LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION MAPPING The software ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information System) developed by ITC, Netherlands have been used, as it contains both the modules of GIS and image processing. It has found to be very fast, accurate, reliable tool to process, analyze, and present the spatial data and to use it in any effective decision making. Especially for the terrain investigation and planning ILWIS is really the wonderful tool to work at strategic level. a) Base maps were imported in ILWIS after converting them into ILWIS data format. b) Geo-coding and geo-referencing have been taken care by creating a geo-reference and assigning the latlon coordinate system to the generated raster. c) The segment maps were digitized in the respective domain for boundaries of areas, contours and drainage (Kumthekar & Deshpande, 2004). Some additional segment layers for roads have also been generated. d) After point digitization the village maps were generated. e) DEM was prepared after interpolating the contour segment data. f) DEM was analyzed by spatial filtering and the slope maps were derived. g) From DEM flow, direction maps and flow accumulation maps were prepared. h) The degree map was classified as per Youngs classification. i) The satellite image data was imported and properly georeferenced with respect to the base map. j) The data was interpreted by the image interpretation keys to locate pre-occurred landslides and slide hazard zones. k) The slope map layer, flow accumulation layer and the drainage order map were added on RS data. This layer combination was used to extract the landslide hazard zone and the predictive places of land slides. They were mapped by point and polygon on screen digitization. l) From DEM as DTM the steriopairs were prepared for various generated rasters like slope degree map, aspect map, satellite data (color composite) etc. m) The generated steriopairs were viewed as anaglyphs and the predictive sites and pre-occurred landslides were confirmed along with their vulnerability (Lillisand & Kiefer 2000). n) The layouts of various layer combinations were prepared, containing north arrow, scale, legend and map-title. 810
4 The layouts have been interpreted and presented in Figures 1 5 including GIS Layer, Classified Slope Map and Landslide Hazard Zonation Map for Pipalkoti site and Hazard Zonation Maps Gopeshwar and Nandprayag site. Fig. 3: Landslide Hazard Zonation Map Pipalkoti Site Fig. 1: GIS Layer Pipalkoti Site Fig. 4: Landslide Hazard Zonation Map Gopeshwar Site Fig. 2: Classified Slope Map Pipalkoti Site Fig. 5: Landslide Hazard Zonation Map Nandprayag Site 811
5 7. CONCLUSIONS Unstable slopes are really the challenges for practicing geotechnical and transportation engineers in the mountain terrains like areas of Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. Remote sensing data has been proved to be effective in generating fast, reliable and accurate information related to the slopes stability in inaccessible areas of Uttarakhand state. GIS software used, ILWIS, is really a wonderful tool in inputting, analyzing and presenting the huge geospatial data in the present work. The task of contour and drainage like segment digitization, creating the DEM, and analyzing it for the slopes, flow accumulation, etc., found to be very interesting. The ILWIS operations carried out for landslide hazard zonation mapping especially the comparative study of slope maps, flow direction and flow accumulation maps, high resolution RS data etc., have been found to be accurate after generating the predictive point layer in the three studied areas. The accuracy was well assessed during the groundtruthing field visit. The typical parabolic shapes with reflectance to visible band were interpreted to be the pre-occurred landslides. After geocoding and geo-referencing the RS data as per the base map, it has been observed that the landslides in slide zone are frequent along road side. It was concluded that the excavation for road itself is the main cause to initiate a landslide in soft, structurally disturbed and high relief areas of Uttarakhand. The same phenomenon was observed on all the roads in Gopeshwar, Pipalkoti and Nandprayag. There is a need of RS and GIS based landslide hazard zonation mapping as one of the major part of preliminary geological investigations before undertaking any road project in Uttarakhand. It gives the predictive idea about the landslide prevention measures like retaining wall, gabion structures, proper drains or box culverts etc. Above all there is a need to develop an economic technique of designing the stretch of road without any excavation in slide hazard zones, so as to prevent the road induced landslides. For this, it is concluded, that the high resolution data interpretation in GIS environment is the only economic solution before doing any field survey in precipitous terrains like Garhwal Himalayas. REFERENCES Kolekar S. (2007). Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS in Landslide Hazard Zonation Mapping in Part of Western Ghats, M.E. Dissertation, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. Krishnan M.S. (1982). Geology of India and Burma, CBS Publishers, Delhi. Kumthekar M.B. and Deshpande P.K. (2004). Geomorphometric Analysis for Sustainable Water Resource Planning and Management Using Remote Sensing and GIS, Proceedings of Symposium on Prediction in Unjudged Basin for Sustainable Water Resource Planning and Management (PUBSWRPM), BITS, Pillani, Lillisand and Kiefer (2000). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York. 812
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research www.ijmter.com e-issn No.:2349-9745, Date: 28-30 April, 2016 Landslide Hazard Management Maps for Settlements in Yelwandi River Basin,
More informationLandslide Disasters in Uttarakhand: A Case of Landslide Susceptibility Zonation of Alaknanda Valley in Garhwal Himalaya
Global Journal of Current Research Vol. 2 No. 1. 2013. Pp. 19-26 Copyright by CRDEEP. All Rights Reserved. Full Length Research Paper Landslide Disasters in Uttarakhand: A Case of Landslide Susceptibility
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES Volume 1, No 1, 2010
An Integrated Approach with GIS and Remote Sensing Technique for Landslide Hazard Zonation S.Evany Nithya 1 P. Rajesh Prasanna 2 1. Lecturer, 2. Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Anna
More informationLANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING USING INFO VALUE METHOD BASED ON GIS
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING USING INFO VALUE METHOD BASED ON GIS ABSTRACT 1 Sonia Sharma, 2 Mitali Gupta and 3 Robin Mahajan 1,2,3 Assistant Professor, AP Goyal Shimla University Email: sonia23790@gmail.com
More informationGeo-Environmental Study of Kaliasaur Landslide in District Rudraprayag of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 Volume 5 Issue 3 March. 2016 PP.07-13 Geo-Environmental Study of Kaliasaur Landslide in
More informationNeed of Proper Development in Hilly Urban Areas to Avoid
Need of Proper Development in Hilly Urban Areas to Avoid Landslide Hazard Dr. Arvind Phukan, P.E. Cosultant/Former Professor of Civil Engineering University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA RI District Governor
More informationBASIC DETAILS. Morphometric features for landslide zonation A case study for Ooty Mettupalayam highway
BASIC DETAILS Paper reference number : MWF PN 121 Title of the paper Name of the Presenter Author affiliation Mailing address Email address : Extraction of Topographic and Morphometric features for landslide
More informationHydrological parameters Controls Vulnerable Zones in Calicut Nilambur Gudalur Ghat section, Gudalur, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu.
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290 Vol.9, No.03 pp 248-253, 2016 Hydrological parameters Controls Vulnerable Zones in Calicut Nilambur Gudalur Ghat section,
More informationResponse on Interactive comment by Anonymous Referee #1
Response on Interactive comment by Anonymous Referee #1 Sajid Ali First, we would like to thank you for evaluation and highlighting the deficiencies in the manuscript. It is indeed valuable addition and
More informationLandslides Management in Rural Roads of Pauri District (Uttarakhand): Challenges & Opportunities
Landslides Management in Rural Roads of Pauri District (Uttarakhand): Challenges & Opportunities Shakti Prakash 1 & V.V.S. Gulati 2 1 Corrosponding author, Environment Specialist, 2 Team Leader (Uttarakhand
More informationASTER DEM Based Studies for Geological and Geomorphological Investigation in and around Gola block, Ramgarh District, Jharkhand, India
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 2, February-2012 1 ASTER DEM Based Studies for Geological and Geomorphological Investigation in and around Gola block, Ramgarh
More informationSTUDY AND SUGGESTIVE MEASURES OF LANDSLIDES ON PUNE MUMBAI ROUTE
STUDY AND SUGGESTIVE MEASURES OF LANDSLIDES ON PUNE MUMBAI ROUTE G. D. Indurkar 1, U. R. Saharkar 2, H. H. Ahire 3, D.D. Kulkarni 4 1. PG. Students in Construction Mgt. Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering
More informationINTRODUCTION. Climate
INTRODUCTION Climate Landslides are serious natural disasters in many parts of the world. Since the past 30 years, rainfall triggered landslides and debris flows had been one of the natural disasters of
More informationNatural hazards in Glenorchy Summary Report May 2010
Natural hazards in Glenorchy Summary Report May 2010 Contents Glenorchy s hazardscape Environment setting Flood hazard Earthquakes and seismic hazards Hazards Mass movement Summary Glossary Introduction
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES
5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES P.V. Seethapathi National Institute of Hydrology Jal Vigyan Bhawan, Roorkee-247 667, Uttarakhand Email: neriwalam@gwl.net.in
More informationAPPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING & GIS ON LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONE IDENTIFICATION & MANAGEMENT
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING & GIS ON LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONE IDENTIFICATION & MANAGEMENT PRESENTED BY SUPRITI PRAMANIK M.TECH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NIT,DURGAPUR 25-04-2015 1 INTRODUCTION
More informationMass Wasting: The Work of Gravity
Chapter 15 Lecture Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Twelfth Edition Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 15 Mass Wasting The Importance of Mass Wasting Slopes are the
More informationReport. Developing a course component on disaster management
Report Developing a course component on disaster management By Chira Prangkio Tawee Chaipimonplin Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University Thailand Presented at Indian
More informationMass Wasting. Revisit: Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition
Mass Wasting Revisit: Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition While landslides are a normal part of erosion and surface processes, they can be very destructive to life and property! - Mass wasting: downslope
More information3.12 Geology and Topography Affected Environment
3 Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences 3.12 Geology and Topography 3.12.1 Affected Environment 3.12.1.1 Earthquakes Sterling Highway MP 45 60 Project Draft SEIS The Kenai Peninsula is predisposed
More informationMass Wasting. Requirements for Mass Wasting. Slope Stability. Geol 104: mass wasting
Mass Wasting Movement of earth materials downslope, driven by Gravitational Forces. Landslides - general term for rock or soil movement. In U.S., on average, mass wasting causes 1 to 2 billion dollars
More information14 Summer Training Course for Slope Land Disaster Reduction. Olgert Jaupaj, Albania. Brajesh Jaiswal, India
14 Summer Training Course for Slope Land Disaster Reduction Olgert Jaupaj, Albania Brajesh Jaiswal, India In natural systems, landslides are recognized as one of the most significant natural hazards in
More informationFLOOD HAZARD MITIGATION NEAR TAMKANE VILLAGE ALONG THE BANK OF KOYANA RIVER IN WESTREN MAHARASHTRA UNDER THE GEOINFORMATICAL ENVIROMENT
50 th IGC 50 th INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE 17 th 19 th DECEMBER 2015, Pune, Maharashtra, India Venue: College of Engineering (Estd. 1854), Pune, India FLOOD HAZARD MITIGATION NEAR TAMKANE VILLAGE ALONG
More informationVILLAGE INFORMATION SYSTEM (V.I.S) FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTH AHMADNAGAR DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA
VILLAGE INFORMATION SYSTEM (V.I.S) FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTH AHMADNAGAR DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA Abstract: The drought prone zone in the Western Maharashtra is not in position to achieve the agricultural
More informationAN APPROACH TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF SLOPE MOVEMENTS
Training/workshop on Earthquake Vulnerability and Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment: Geospatial Tools for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Effort 13 31 March 2006, Islamabad, Pakistan AN APPROACH TO THE CLASSIFICATION
More informationLandslide Hazard Zonation Methods: A Critical Review
International Journal of Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 5, Number 3 (2014), pp. 215-220 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijcer.htm Landslide Hazard Zonation Methods:
More informationChapter 11 10/30/2013. Mass Wasting. Introduction. Factors That Influence Mass Wasting. Introduction. Factors That Influence Mass Wasting
Introduction Chapter 11 Mass wasting - The downslope movement of material resulting from the force of gravity. Mass Wasting Mass wasting results when the force of gravity acting on a slope exceeds the
More informationInternational Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development
Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.72 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 4, Issue 5, May -2017 Watershed Delineation of Purna River using Geographical
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY A PATH FOR HORIZING YOUR INNOVATIVE WORK SPECIAL ISSUE FOR NATIONAL LEVEL CONFERENCE "SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES IN CIVIL
More informationUsing Weather and Climate Information for Landslide Prevention and Mitigation
Using Weather and Climate Information for Landslide Prevention and Mitigation Professor Roy C. Sidle Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto University, Japan International Workshop on Climate and
More informationSection 3. Slopes and Landscapes. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes
Chapter 4 Surface Processes Section 3 Slopes and Landscapes What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Calculate the angle of repose for different kinds of soils and other granular materials.
More informationPreliminaries to Erosion: Weathering and Mass Wasting
Preliminaries to Erosion: Weathering & Mass Wasting All things deteriorate in time. Virgil 1 Preliminaries to Erosion: Weathering and Mass Wasting Denudation The Impact of Weathering and Mass Wasting on
More informationGEOMORPHOLOGY APPROACH IN LANDSLIDE VULNERABILITY, TANJUNG PALAS TENGAH, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
GEOMORPHOLOGY APPROACH IN LANDSLIDE VULNERABILITY, TANJUNG PALAS TENGAH, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA *Twin H. W. Kristyanto Geology Study Program, FMIPA UI, Universitas Indonesia *Author for Correspondence:
More informationDebris flow: categories, characteristics, hazard assessment, mitigation measures. Hariklia D. SKILODIMOU, George D. BATHRELLOS
Debris flow: categories, characteristics, hazard assessment, mitigation measures Hariklia D. SKILODIMOU, George D. BATHRELLOS Natural hazards: physical phenomena, active in geological time capable of producing
More informationLandslide hazard zonation (LHZ) mapping on meso-scale for systematic town planning in mountainous terrain
Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 486 Vol. 67, July 2008, pp. 486-497 J SCI IND RES VOL 67 JULY 2008 Landslide hazard zonation (LHZ mapping on meso-scale for systematic town planning in mountainous
More informationPaper presented in the Annual Meeting of Association of American Geographers, Las Vegas, USA, March 2009 ABSTRACT
Paper presented in the Annual Meeting of Association of American Geographers, Las Vegas, USA, March 2009 ABSTRACT CHANGING GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE KOSI RIVER SYSTEM IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT Nupur Bose,
More informationEngineering Geological Evaluation of Siyan Gad Small Hydroelectric Project, Uttarakashi District, Uttarakhand
IOSR ournal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-AGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 5, Issue 1 Ver. I (an. - Feb. 2017), PP 46-51 www.iosrjournals.org Engineering Geological Evaluation
More informationLANDSLIDES IN THE WHITE MOUNTAIN (GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES AND ENGINEERING TESTS)
J. Al Azhar University Gaza 2004, Vol. 7, NO. 2 P 15-26 LANDSLIDES IN THE WHITE MOUNTAIN (GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES AND ENGINEERING TESTS) Isam G. Jardaneh (1), Jalal Al-Dabeek (2), Abdel hakeem Al-Jawhari
More informationReport on Disaster statistics of Nepal
Report on Disaster statistics of Nepal Submitted by Altaf Rehman Submitted to Dr. Naveed Ahmed University of engineering and technology Peshawar Assignment 1 Section A Registration id 14PWCIV456 Page 1
More informationLandslide FE Stability Analysis
Landslide FE Stability Analysis L. Kellezi Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering, GEO-Danish Geotechnical Institute, Denmark S. Allkja Altea & Geostudio 2000, Albania P. B. Hansen Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering,
More informationLandslides Zones of Nearby Areas of Malin Village, Pune District, Maharashtra Using GIS Techniques
Landslides Zones of Nearby Areas of Malin Village, Pune District, Maharashtra Using GIS Techniques Pooja Gujarathi 1, S. J. Mane 2 1 Savitribai Phule Pune University, D. Y. Patil College of Engineering,
More informationSLOPE FAILURE SLOPES. Landslides, Mudflows, Earthflows, and other Mass Wasting Processes
GEOL g406 Environmental Geology SLOPE FAILURE Landslides, Mudflows, Earthflows, and other Mass Wasting Processes Read Chapter 5 in your textbook (Keller, 2000) Gros Ventre landslide, Wyoming S. Hughes,
More informationVirtual Reality Modeling of Landslide for Alerting in Chiang Rai Area Banphot Nobaew 1 and Worasak Reangsirarak 2
Virtual Reality Modeling of Landslide for Alerting in Chiang Rai Area Banphot Nobaew 1 and Worasak Reangsirarak 2 1 Banphot Nobaew MFU, Chiang Rai, Thailand 2 Worasak Reangsirarak MFU, Chiang Rai, Thailand
More informationGeography Class XI Fundamentals of Physical Geography Section A Total Periods : 140 Total Marks : 70. Periods Topic Subject Matter Geographical Skills
Geography Class XI Fundamentals of Physical Geography Section A Total Periods : 140 Total Marks : 70 Sr. No. 01 Periods Topic Subject Matter Geographical Skills Nature and Scope Definition, nature, i)
More informationGLG101: What-To-Know List
Exam 3, Page 1 GLG101: What-To-Know List (Derived from Before You Leave This Page Lists) This list is intended to guide your reading and to help you prepare for the online multiple-choice quizzes. Each
More informationSurface Processes on the Earth. Rocks, Weathering, Erosion and Soil
Surface Processes on the Earth Rocks, Weathering, Erosion and Soil ROCKS AND ROCK CYCLE Rock types Three main types of rock Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Igneous Form when magma or lava cools and hardens
More informationSurface Water and Stream Development
Surface Water and Stream Development Surface Water The moment a raindrop falls to earth it begins its return to the sea. Once water reaches Earth s surface it may evaporate back into the atmosphere, soak
More informationmountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output
mountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output strong interaction between streams & hillslopes Sediment Budgets for Mountain Rivers Little
More informationGeospatial Approach for Delineation of Landslide Susceptible Areas in Karnaprayag, Chamoli district, Uttrakhand, India
Geospatial Approach for Delineation of Landslide Susceptible Areas in Karnaprayag, Chamoli district, Uttrakhand, India Ajay Kumar Sharma & Anand Mohan Singh Overview Landslide - movement of a mass of rock,
More informationLandforms. Why does the land look like it does? 1. Controlled by water 2. Controlled by the rocks
Landforms Why does the land look like it does? 1. Controlled by water 2. Controlled by the rocks Landforms Made by Running Water Stream erosion The evolution of a river system Entrenched meanders Fluvial
More informationLAND DEGRADATION IN THE CARIBBEAN: QUATERNARY GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES. RAFI AHMAD
EXTENDED TASK FORCE MEETING OF PARTICIPATING AGENCIES AND LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES FOR ENHANCING SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION BETWEEN LAC-CARIBBEAN SIDS PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVE ON LAND DEGRADATION AND SUSTAINABLE
More informationEffect of land use/land cover changes on runoff in a river basin: a case study
Water Resources Management VI 139 Effect of land use/land cover changes on runoff in a river basin: a case study J. Letha, B. Thulasidharan Nair & B. Amruth Chand College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Kerala,
More information4. The map below shows a meandering stream. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations along the stream bottom.
1. Sediment is deposited as a river enters a lake because the A) velocity of the river decreases B) force of gravity decreases C) volume of water increases D) slope of the river increases 2. Which diagram
More informationBell Ringer. Are soil and dirt the same material? In your explanation be sure to talk about plants.
Bell Ringer Are soil and dirt the same material? In your explanation be sure to talk about plants. 5.3 Mass Movements Triggers of Mass Movements The transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity is
More informationReport for Area Drainage Studies for 1320 MW (2x660 MW) THERMAL POWER PROJECT AT MIRZAPUR, U.P.
Report for Area Drainage Studies for 1320 MW (2x660 MW) THERMAL POWER PROJECT AT MIRZAPUR, U.P. 1. Introduction M/s Welspun Energy Uttar Pradesh Ltd. (WEUPL) is putting up 1320 MW (2 x 660 MW) coal fired
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES Volume 2, No 2, 2011
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES Volume 2, No 2, 2011 Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services Research article ISSN 0976 4380 Geomorphological study of Atagad
More information3/8/17. #20 - Landslides: Mitigation and Case Histories. Questions for Thought. Questions for Thought
#20 - Landslides: Mitigation and Case Histories Web Exercise #3 (Volcanoes) Due Wednesday There is a 2-point penalty for every day the assignment is late. Exam 1 Scores Scores and exam key are posted Vaiont
More informationYoshinori KAWAMURA, Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd.
Landslides along National Roads in Central Highland in Sri Lanka: Review on Current Situation and Suggestion for Further Development of Landslide Mitigation along Highways in Sri Lanka Yoshinori KAWAMURA,
More informationBiosphere. All living things, plants, animals, (even you!) are part of the zone of the earth called the biosphere.
Unit 1 Study Guide Earth s Spheres Biosphere All living things, plants, animals, (even you!) are part of the zone of the earth called the biosphere. Hydrosphere Water covers ¾ of the earth, made up mostly
More informationGROUNDWATER CONFIGURATION IN THE UPPER CATCHMENT OF MEGHADRIGEDDA RESERVOIR, VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
GROUNDWATER CONFIGURATION IN THE UPPER CATCHMENT OF MEGHADRIGEDDA RESERVOIR, VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH Prof.P.Jagadeesara Rao Department of Geo-Engineering and Centre for Remote Sensing, College
More informationChapter 1 Section 2. Land, Water, and Climate
Chapter 1 Section 2 Land, Water, and Climate Vocabulary 1. Landforms- natural features of the Earth s land surface 2. Elevation- height above sea level 3. Relief- changes in height 4. Core- most inner
More informationLANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION IN AND AROUND KEDARNATH REGION AND ITS VALIDATION BASED ON REAL TIME KEDARNATH DISASTER USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES
LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION IN AND AROUND KEDARNATH REGION AND ITS VALIDATION BASED ON REAL TIME KEDARNATH DISASTER USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES Divya Uniyal 1,*, Saurabh Purohit 2, Sourabh Dangwal 1, Ashok
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD HAZARD VULNERABILITY MAP FOR ALAPPUZHA DISTRICT
DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD HAZARD VULNERABILITY MAP FOR ALAPPUZHA DISTRICT Ciya Maria Roy 1, Elsa Manoj 2, Harsha Joy 3, Sarin Ravi 4, Abhinanda Roy 5 1,2,3,4 U.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, MITS
More informationCHAPTER 3 REMOTE SENSING & GIS STUDIES
3.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 3 REMOTE SENSING & GIS STUDIES Remote Sensing (RS) data can be considered an essential data source for the appraisal of natural environments as it provides valuable information
More informationSpatial and Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Variation in Yadalavagu Hydrogeological unit using GIS, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India
International Research Journal of Environment Sciences ISSN 2319 1414 Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Variation in Yadalavagu Hydrogeological unit using GIS, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh,
More informationPreparing Landslide Inventory Maps using Virtual Globes
Introduction: A landslide is the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope, under the influence of gravity. Landslides can be caused by different phenomena, including intense or prolonged
More informationBonn, Germany MOUTAZ DALATI. General Organization for Remote Sensing ( GORS ), Syria Advisor to the General Director of GORS,
Bonn, Germany Early Warning System is needed for Earthquakes disaster mitigation in Syria Case Study: Detecting and Monitoring the Active faulting zones along the Afro-Arabian-Syrian Rift System MOUTAZ
More informationSpringshed Springshed Management Training Curriculum
Springshed Springshed Management Training Curriculum Management Training Curriculum Draft Version 2 January 2016 The Springs Initiative 2016 The Springs Initiative SESSION TITLE: Section Mapping SECTION:
More informationVulnerability mapping for sustainable hazard mitigation in the city of Bukavu, South Kivu DRCongo
IAG/AIG REGIONAL CONFERENCE, 18th to 22nd Feb. 2011 Vulnerability mapping for sustainable hazard mitigation in the city of Bukavu, South Kivu DRCongo Sadiki Ndyanabo 1, Ine Vandecasteele 2, Jan Moeyersons
More informationEnvironmental Geology Lab 5 - Mass Wasting Hazards
Environmental Geology Lab 5 - Mass Wasting Hazards page - 1 Many landslides, slope failures or sinkholes (collapse structures formed in terrain underlain by limestone rocks) occur during or immediately
More informationAPPLICATION OF GIS-GPS FOR MAPPING SOIL INDEX PROPERTIES
IGC 2009, Guntur, INDIA Application of GIS-GPS for Mapping Soil Index Properties APPLICATION OF GIS-GPS FOR MAPPING SOIL INDEX PROPERTIES Sumedh Yamaji Mhaske Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationInternational Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience (IJRSG) ASTER DEM BASED GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMOR-
ASTER DEM BASED GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMOR- PHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION USING GIS TECHNOLOGY IN KOLLI HILL, SOUTH INDIA Gurugnanam.B, Centre for Applied Geology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Tamilnadu,
More informationLandslide analysis to estimate probability occurrence of earthquakes by software ArcGIS in central of Iran
Research Journal of Recent Sciences ISSN 2277-2502 Res.J.Recent Sci. Landslide analysis to estimate probability occurrence of earthquakes by software ArcGIS in central of Iran Abstract Hamid Reza Samadi
More informationTopic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p ) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 WEATHERING
Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p. 95-125) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 THE BIG PICTURE: Weathering, erosion and deposition are processes that cause changes to rock material
More information2014 Summer training course for slope land disaster reduction Taipei, Taiwan, Aug
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HYDROTECH RESEARCH INSTITUTE MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT VIETNAM INSTITUTE OF GEOSCIENCES AND MINERAL RESOURCES (VIGMR) 2014 Summer training course
More informationEIT-Japan Symposium 2011 on Human Security Engineering
EIT-Japan Symposium 2011 on Human Security Engineering 2011 Disastrous Landslides at Khao Panom, Krabi, Thailand Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Engineering Research and Development Center (GERD) Faculty
More informationCHAPTER 9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The following are the important conclusions and salient features of the present study. 1. The evaluation of groundwater potential is a prerequisite for any kind of planning
More informationESTIMATING SNOWMELT CONTRIBUTION FROM THE GANGOTRI GLACIER CATCHMENT INTO THE BHAGIRATHI RIVER, INDIA ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
ESTIMATING SNOWMELT CONTRIBUTION FROM THE GANGOTRI GLACIER CATCHMENT INTO THE BHAGIRATHI RIVER, INDIA Rodney M. Chai 1, Leigh A. Stearns 2, C. J. van der Veen 1 ABSTRACT The Bhagirathi River emerges from
More informationCHAPTER FIVE 5.0 STABILITY OF CUT SLOPES IN THE STUDY AREA. them limited by a thick canopy of vegetation and steep slope angles.
CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 STABILITY OF CUT SLOPES IN THE STUDY AREA 5.1. Introduction Ukay Perdana area is a developing community with continuous building activities and road construction. There are thus only left
More informationESTIMATION OF LANDFORM CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LAND USE AND ITS CHANGE - Use of Object-based Classification and Altitude Data -
ESTIMATION OF LANDFORM CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LAND USE AND ITS CHANGE - Use of Object-based Classification and Altitude Data - Shoichi NAKAI 1 and Jaegyu BAE 2 1 Professor, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
More informationMorphometric Estimation of Parameters of Uttar Mand River Basin, Satara District, Maharashtra, India.
Morphometric Estimation of Parameters of Uttar Mand River Basin, Satara District, Maharashtra, India. Mr.S.S.Chokakkar 1, Mr.G.N.ChavanPatil, Dr.D.N.Mudgal 3, Dr..Shreenivasa 4 1M.Sc., B.Ed, NET, PhD(Pur.)
More informationMAPPING POTENTIAL LAND DEGRADATION IN BHUTAN
MAPPING POTENTIAL LAND DEGRADATION IN BHUTAN Moe Myint, Geoinformatics Consultant Rue du Midi-8, CH-1196, Gland, Switzerland moemyint@bluewin.ch Pema Thinley, GIS Analyst Renewable Natural Resources Research
More informationNeotectonic Implications between Kaotai and Peinanshan
Neotectonic Implications between Kaotai and Peinanshan Abstract Longitudinal Valley was the suture zone between the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasia plate. Peinanshan was the southest segment of the
More informationPROANA A USEFUL SOFTWARE FOR TERRAIN ANALYSIS AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS STUDY CASE ON THE GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF ARGOLIS PENINSULA, GREECE.
PROANA A USEFUL SOFTWARE FOR TERRAIN ANALYSIS AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS STUDY CASE ON THE GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF ARGOLIS PENINSULA, GREECE. Spyridoula Vassilopoulou * Institute of Cartography
More informationSTUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Surface Water Movement
Surface Water SECTION 9.1 Surface Water Movement In your textbook, read about surface water and the way in which it moves sediment. Complete each statement. 1. An excessive amount of water flowing downslope
More informationUNIT 3 GEOLOGY VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS THESE KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES APPEAR ON THE UNIT 3 CBA
UNIT 3 GEOLOGY VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS THESE KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES APPEAR ON THE UNIT 3 CBA A map that shows Earth s Topographic Map surface topography, which is Earth s shape and features Contour
More informationLandforms and Rock Structure
Landforms and Rock Structure Rock Structure as a Landform Control Landforms of Horizontal Strata and Coastal Plains Landforms of Warped Rock Layers Landforms Developed on Other Land-Mass Types Landforms
More informationTrends and Variability of Climatic Parameters in Vadodara District
GRD Journals Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering Recent Advances in Civil Engineering for Global Sustainability March 2016 e-issn: 2455-5703 Trends and Variability of Climatic Parameters
More informationRogun Hydropower Project
Rogun Hydropower Project Dam site Geological investigations in the Downstream Right Bank Ascencio Lara Coyne et Bellier Almaty, 11-12 February 2013 Objectives of the presentation As the stability conditions
More informationTHE UTARAKAHND FLOODS OF JUNE 2013 AND THE KEDARNATH TRAGEDY WHAT COULD HAVE HAPPENED?
THE UTARAKAHND FLOODS OF JUNE 2013 AND THE KEDARNATH TRAGEDY WHAT COULD HAVE HAPPENED? GEOGRAPHICAL SET UP UTTARAKHAND STATE AREA - 53,484 sq.km FOREST AREA - 34,651 sq.km. (63.93%) HILLY AREA - 46,035
More informationEagle Creek Post Fire Erosion Hazard Analysis Using the WEPP Model. John Rogers & Lauren McKinney
Eagle Creek Post Fire Erosion Hazard Analysis Using the WEPP Model John Rogers & Lauren McKinney Columbia River Gorge at Risk: Using LiDAR and GIS-based predictive modeling for regional-scale erosion susceptibility
More informationPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY By Brett Lucas WEATHERING & MASS WASTING Denudation Disintegration, wearing away, and removal of rock material Involves three activities: Weathering is the break down of rocks into smaller
More informationWhich map shows the stream drainage pattern that most likely formed on the surface of this volcano? A) B)
1. When snow cover on the land melts, the water will most likely become surface runoff if the land surface is A) frozen B) porous C) grass covered D) unconsolidated gravel Base your answers to questions
More informationStudy of Hydrometeorology in a Hard Rock Terrain, Kadirischist Belt Area, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh
Open Journal of Geology, 2012, 2, 294-300 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2012.24028 Published Online October 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojg) Study of Hydrometeorology in a Hard Rock Terrain, Kadirischist
More informationMountain Rivers. Gutta cavat lapidem. (Dripping water hollows out a stone) -Ovid, Epistulae Ex Ponto, Book 3, no. 10, 1. 5
Mountain Rivers Gutta cavat lapidem (Dripping water hollows out a stone) -Ovid, Epistulae Ex Ponto, Book 3, no. 10, 1. 5 Mountain Rivers Fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) High transport
More informationPractical reliability approach to urban slope stability
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2011 Practical reliability approach to urban slope stability R. Chowdhury
More informationThe sketch map of field investigations in Wenchuan earthquake hit region, Chengdu City.
The sketch map of field investigations in Wenchuan earthquake hit region, Chengdu City. 1 Environmental and Geological Condition 1.1 Geomorphology BaiSha River Basin is located in Dujiangyan County, and
More informationCHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
32 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 GENERAL In 1910, the seismological society of America identified the three groups of earthquake problems, the associated ground motions and the effect on structures. Indeed
More informationWhat type of land feature is located at Point A? A Cliff B Delta C Mountain D Valley
1 What type of land feature is located at Point A? A Cliff B Delta C Mountain D Valley Alfred Wegener s theory of continental drift was 2 not accepted by scientists when the theory was first proposed.
More informationvariation analysis of Vattamalaikarai sub basin, Tamil Nadu, India.
A Study on the Rainfall Changes of Orathanadu Taluk Thanjavur District Tamil Nadu Using GIS P. Sujatha 1, Dr. R Baskaran 2 1 Research Scholar, Department of Industries and Earth Sciences, Tamil University,
More information