USING 3D GIS TO ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL FLOOD HAZARDS IN MINA

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1 King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals College of Environmental Design Geographical Information system USING 3D GIS TO ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL FLOOD HAZARDS IN MINA Prepared by : Ali AL-Zahrani

2 OUTLINE Introduction Using GIS In the environmental studies CASE STUDY : Using 3D GIS to Assess Environmental flood Hazards in Mina Background Natural Characteristics of Mina The Built Environment of Mina Mina s Environmental Hazards Hydrological analysis of Mina -- USING 3D GIS Hydrological analysis (using ArcHydro) Discussion and Recommendations

3 INTRODUCTION What is Environmental Hazards? Environmental Hazards: a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on people or the environment (e.g., flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, or landslide ).

4 Primary effects : FLOOD EFFECTS damage any type of structure, People and livestock die, waterborne diseases Secondary effects : Contamination of water, Diseases long-term effects: Jeddah Flood, 2009 Economic, rebuilding costs, food shortage leading to price increase,etc

5 USING GIS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL PURPOSE GIS in Environmental Studies - An overview GIS applicable Areas : Emergency Services like Fire Prevention Hazard Mitigation and Future planning Air pollution & control Disaster Management Forest Fires Management Managing Natural Resources Waste Water Management Oil Spills and its remedial actions Sea Water - Fresh water interface Studies Coal Mine Fires

6 CASE STUDY: USING 3D GIS TO ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL FLOOD HAZARDS IN MINA Background The Pilgrims numbers. Time to spend in Mina. The increasing number of pilgrims, as shown in graph : Number of pilgrims since 1927 to 2004 Source: Hajj Research Institute

7 THE GOAL OF THE STUDY understand and analyze the locations, types, and sizes of the possible natural risks in Mina. analyze slopes investigate water drafting paths and the locations of possible falling rocks provides illustrations of possible areas of risk, using 2D and 3D visualizations and offers recommendations to avoid future environmental hazards.

8 NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MINA Mina location and characteristics These characteristics make this built environment very vulnerable to natural hazards, such as falling rocks and floods from rain.

9 THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT OF MINA Mina is considered the largest tent city in the world. Mina is a unique case, because of the several reasons: 1) Mina is used for only three days each year with around two million pilgrims camping every years 3) No permanent buildings are allowed for housing within the limits of Mina. 2) Mina has defined religious spatial and temporal limits.

10 THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT OF MINA Mina s built environment consists of: 1) housing tents, that are built of fabric and light structures. 2) Service buildings, police stations and medical services built of concrete structures. 3) a utilities infrastructure, including water tanks and electric transformers. 4) a traffic network of roads and bridges Mina s built environment

11 MINA S ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS Mina suffers from various types of life threatening hazards including : floods, and falling rocks.

12 HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS OF MINA -- USING 3D GIS creation of the 3D GIS model of Mina and the Hydrologic analysis then performed using that Model. Collecting data using some sources including : The First phase A 2D AutoCAD. A 2D contour map every 2 meters. services and infrastructure survey. 60 cm accuracy satellite images. A Civil Defense report.

13 THE NEXT PHASE CREATING TIN To model the land surface (terrain) using the Triangulated Irregular network (TIN). Create contours ArcGIS and an extension called 3D Analyst. The software uses CAD contour lines to create the TIN. The TIN model of Mina

14 USING ARCSCENE 3D After modeling the terrain, different features of the built environment (housing units, traffic network, service buildings) are represented as feature classes in the Geodatabase. Using ArcScene 3D (part of 3D Analyst Extension) created a 3D representation of all features. Top view of the 3D GIS model, representing the contours, tents, services, and traffic network of Mina

15 USING ARCSCENE 3D Using ArcScene for the 3D GIS model of the natural and built environments of Mina and it surroundings. Using ArcScene for the 3D GIS model

16 HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS Using the ArcHydro GIS extension Using the TIN Analyzed the drainage patterns of the land-surface Drainage areas were traced upstream and downstream Attaching drainage areas to the hydro network. Using area-to-area navigation. Identifying the region of hydrologic influence upstream and downstream from catchments or watershed. Generating water basins, water shades, water streams and catchment areas of the terrain surface

17 USING ARCHYDRO Water streams of Mina created using ArcHydro The water stream networks of Mina surface created using the ArcHydro GIS extension presented over the TIN.

18 ADDING ALL ELEMENTS FINAL MAP all feature classes representing the built environment elements were added to the TIN and the rain water Hydro-Network

19 RECOMMENDATIONS The northern blocks of Mina s valley are the most vulnerable. The northern mountains have the biggest heights and the sharpest overall slopes. This Topography causes the water to run with great speed and force. At the Western branch of the valley, there is an island of tents that is not affected by the floods The Southern blocks were not affected.

20 THANK YOU

21

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