MAP 4: HORNAIS TO SGIOBANAIS. Hinterland Geology and Coastal Geomorphology:

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1 MAP 4: HORNAIS TO SGIOBANAIS Hinterland Geology and Coastal Geomorphology: Lewisian Gneiss is the basement geology which outcrops at or near the surface. This area is highly irregular with machair soils dominating the area to the north of Vallaquie. From here the ground rises around the irregular shoreline of Trumaisgearraidh. Inland from this area the ground rises steeply to Crògearraidh Mòr at 180m. The hinterland surround the shoreline to the south of the island of Orasaigh includes the highly irregular tidal Loch nan Geireann where an outflow is present for the freshwater loch with the same name. Further west the coastline is a mixture of shingle and sand with low lying machair behind, most of which has been enclosed by a series of crofting field systems. Erosion Class: The machair beaches of Tràigh Hòrnais and Traigh Bhàlaig have sheer dune cliff faces, undercut by wave action. The area between Vallaquie and Cleit is stable, with expanses of saltmarsh at the coast edge seemingly protecting the hard coast edge from erosion, with only small pockets of erosion around Ahmore recorded. The remaining coastline within this section is eroding or stable, with generally slow erosion occurring, particularly noted in pockets around the rocky coast of Rubha na Caillich, the freshwater channel of Loch nan Geireann, and along the sand and shingle beach at Sgiobanais. Built Heritage & Archaeology: The majority of the recorded sites are townships, buildings, field boundaries, enclosures and lazy beds relating to the crofting landscape of the 18 th -20 th centuries. Other sites likely to be of this date include a trackway, milestones, clearance cairns and a gravel pit. There are also a C(s) Listed manse and B Listed church recorded at Vallaquie. A number of prehistoric sites were recorded in this section. These included two souterrains, one of which still survives as a stone chamber but which is being actively eroded. A burnt mound of likely earlier prehistoric date was previously recorded, while a second one was newly located during this survey. Several sites classified as duns have been recorded in this section. 41

2 MAP 4: HINTERLAND GEOLOGY AND COASTAL GEOMORPHOLOGY ID Name of section NGR Length Typical deposit type on the foreshore Height of cliff Hinterland geomorphology Description 19 MACHAIR ROBACH NF to NF km Marine shell sands/cultivated/grazed machair Low edge (<10m) Sand Extensive machair plain forming gentle curving headland. Wide inter-tidal strand exposed at low water with fresh water drainage ebb-tide channels present. Fronted by dune cliffs 5-10m high. Hinterland hummocky with crofting field systems with relict cultivation strips present. Dune formation at the start of the 20 TRAIGH BHÀLAIG NF to NF TRUMAISGEARRAIDH NF to NF AHMORE NF to NF km Marine shell sands/cultivated/grazed machair Low edge (<5m) 1.6km Marine shell sands/machair Low edge (<5m) 2 km Marine shell sands/machair Low edge (<5m) unit. Sand Sheltered tidal inlet of Traigh Bhàlaig with sinuous freshwater ebb-tide channels formed by drainage of two lochs further inland. Extensive tidal flats backed by saltmarsh formation close to the road bridges. This demonstrates the sheltered conditions at the backshore area. Rocky outcrops/sand Irregular coastal edge backed by machair that has been improved as crofting land.. Occasional rocky outcrops on shingle and sandy beach that overlooks extensive intertidal sand flats. Freshwater drainage outlet channels are present at during the ebb-tide. An extensive area of saltmarsh is present at backshore area. Sand Irregular coastal edge backed by machair that has been compartmentalised. The shingle and sandy beach overlooks extensive inter-tidal sand flats. 42

3 ID Name of section NGR Length Typical deposit type on the foreshore Height of cliff Hinterland geomorphology Description 23 LOCH NAN GEIREANN NF to NF km Marine shell sands Low edge (<5m) Mainly sand and shingle Very sinuous coastal cell forming a series of small embayments within an area of strand. Low ebb-channels meander northwards towards the island of Orasaigh. The hinterland is predominantly marine shell sand over rock exposed at or near the surface. Crofting land improvement is 24 RUBHA GLAS TO RUBHA NAN CNAMH NF to NF km Marine shell sands/machair Low edge (<5m) attested by the presence of field systems. Rocks and sand Some local outcropping rock but generally the beach is sandy. A fresh water channel flows through the centre, draining Loch nan Geireann. The hinterland is a mixture of exposed rock at or near the surface with machair shell cover sands. 43

4 NORTH UIST MAP 4 - HINTERLAND GEOLOGY AND FORESHORE GEOMORPHOLOGY Hornais to Sgiobanais Reproduced with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Contoller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office, Crown copyright. Archaeology Ltd, Old Engine House, Eskmills Park, Musselburgh EH21 7PQ AL SEE MAP km LEGEND Scale 1:25,000 BERNERAY SOUTH HARRIS 44 BENBECULA NORTH UIST Loch Carnan T H E L I T T L E M I N C H W E S T E R N I S L E S ISLE OF SKYE Crown Copyright. All rights reserved [Historic Scotland] [ ][2005] Dunvegan

5 MAP 4: EROSION ID Name of coastal section NGR Length of coastal section Type of erosion present Description 12 Druim na h-uamha to Rubha Grilei NF to NF km Stable Stable area of coast with only small areas of erosion around Ahmore. 13 Rubha Grilei to Claggan Sollas NF to NF km Eroding or stable Rubha na Caillich- general slow erosion of coastline amongst exposed rock outcrops. Loch na Caillich- small pockets of slow erosion of shoreline particularly around the fresh water channel of Loch nan Geireann. Sgiobanais- slow erosion of sand and shingle coastline. 45

6 NORTH UIST MAP 4 - EROSION CLASS Hornais to Sgiobanais Reproduced with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Contoller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office, Crown copyright. Archaeology Ltd, Old Engine House, Eskmills Park, Musselburgh EH21 7PQ AL SEE MAP km SOUTH HARRIS Scale 1:25,000 BERNERAY LEGEND BENBECULA NORTH UIST Loch Carnan T H E L I T T L E M I N C H W E S T E R N I S L E S ISLE OF SKYE Dunvegan Crown Copyright. All rights reserved [Historic Scotland] [ ][2005] 46

7 MAP 4: BUILT HERITAGE AND ARCHAEOLOGY ID Name NMRS No. Source NGR Status Type Date Condition Recommendation Location 109 NORTH UIST, NF87NE 11 NMRS NF Non-designated 'CASTLE'; Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown VALLAQUIE, AN CAISTEAL INDETERMINATE REMAINS 110 VALLAQUIE OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated ENCLOSURE 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 111 NORTH UIST, VALLAQUIE, CNOC A' CHAISTEAL 112 NORTH UIST, VALLAQUIE, DRUIM NA H-UAMHA NF87NE 15 NMRS NF Non-designated SOUTERRAIN; MIDDEN; POTTERY NF87NE 2 NMRS NF Non-designated SOUTERRAIN; MIDDEN; BRONZE PIN; POTTERY 1st mil BC- 5th C AD Eroding Survey Coast edge & Foreshore Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 113 NORTH UIST, VALLAQUIE NF87NE 30 NMRS NF Non-designated TOWNSHIP; SCHOOL 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 114 VALLAQUIE Fieldwalking NF Non-designated STONES 18th-20th C Good Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 115 VALLAQUIE OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 116 REUMISGARRY Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BANK 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 117 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated BUILDING; ENCLOSURE 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 118 NORTH UIST, OBAN TRUMISGARRY NF87SE 2 NMRS NF Non-designated DUN 1st mil BC - 5th C AD Good Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 119 NORTH UIST, OBAN TRUMISGARRY NF87SE 33 NMRS NF Non-designated BURNT MOUND 3rd-1st mil BC Good Survey Coast edge & Foreshore 120 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BURNT MOUND 3rd-1st Fair Survey Coast edge & Foreshore (POSSIBLE) Millennium BC 121 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated TRACKWAY 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 122 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated WELL Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 123 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated LAZY BEDS 18th-20th C Good Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 124 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY; ENCLOSURE 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 125 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BANK 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 126 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BANK 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 127 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BREAKWATER Unknown Fair Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 128 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH APs NF Non-designated LAZY BEDS 18th-20th C Good Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 47

8 ID Name NMRS No. Source NGR Status Type Date Condition Recommendation Location 129 NORTH UIST, DUN NA MAIRBHE NF87SE 1 NMRS NF Non-designated DUN Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 130 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BLACKHOUSE 18th-20th C Good Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 131 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 132 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated STONE DYKE 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 133 NORTH UIST, THE GLEBE NF87SE 32 NMRS NF Listed C(s) HBNum RELIGION; RESIDENTIAL 18th-20th C Good Nil Hinterland 134 NORTH UIST, TRUMISGARRY CHURCH NF87SE 30 NMRS NF Listed B HBNum RELIGION: CHURCH 18th-20th C Good Monitor Hinterland 135 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 136 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 137 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY Unknown Fair Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 138 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 139 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 140 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 141 GEARRAIDH SITHEIL OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 142 TRUMAISGEARRAIDH OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated GRAVEL PIT Unknown Fair Nil Hinterland 143 GEARRAIDH SITHEIL OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 144 GEARRAIDH SITHEIL OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated BUILDING Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 145 GEARRAIDH SITHEIL OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated MILESTONE Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 146 NORTH UIST, NF87SE 41 NMRS NF Non-designated FINDSPOT Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown TRUMISGARRY 147 GEARRAIDH SITHEIL OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 148 GEARRAIDH SITHEIL OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 149 GEARRAIDH SITHEIL OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 150 GEARRAIDH SITHEIL OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 151 AHMORE OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated BUILDINGS 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 152 AHMORE Fieldwalking NF Non-designated CLEARANCE CAIRN 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 153 AHMORE OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 154 AHMORE OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 155 CLEIT OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 156 CLEIT OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 157 CLEIT Fieldwalking NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARIES 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 48

9 ID Name NMRS No. Source NGR Status Type Date Condition Recommendation Location 158 AHMORE OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 159 AHMORE Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 160 AHMORE OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 161 NORTH UIST, CLETT NF87SE 20 NMRS NF Non-designated TOWNSHIP Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 162 RUBHA NA CAILLICH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 163 RUBHA NA CAILLICH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDINGS 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 164 RUBHA NA CAILLICH OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated BUILDINGS; ENCLOSURE 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 165 RUBHA NA CAILLICH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDING; FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 166 LOCH NAN GEIREANN OS 1st ed. NF Non-designated MILESTONE Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 167 NORTH UIST, RUBHA NA NF87SW 13 NMRS NF Non-designated BUILDINGS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown CRUACHAIG 168 LOCH NAN GEIREANN NAS Maps NF Non-designated MILL Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 169 RUBHA NA CAILLICH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 170 NORTH UIST, LOCH NAN GEIREANN, RUBHA GLAS NF87SW 6 NMRS NF Non-designated TOWNSHIP 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 171 RUBHA GLAS Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 172 RUBHA GLAS Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 173 RUBHA GLAS Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 174 RUBHA GLAS Fieldwalking NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 175 RUBHA GLAS Fieldwalking NF Non-designated CLEARANCE CAIRN 18th-20th C Fair Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 176 DRUIMANAN DUBH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDING 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 177 DRUIMANAN DUBH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDINGS 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 178 NORTH UIST, RUBHA CNAMH NF87NW 36 NMRS NF Non-designated TOWNSHIP (POSSIBLE) Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 179 RUBHA NAN CNAMH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDINGS; 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore ENCLOSURE 180 RUBHA NAN CNAMH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated SETTLEMENT 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 181 NORTH UIST, RUBHA NAN CNAMH NF87NW 33 NMRS NF Non-designated TOWNSHIP Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 182 RUBHA NAN CNAMH Fieldwalking NF Non-designated SETTLEMENT 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 183 NORTH UIST, EILEAN HOLSTA ISLET, OBAN SKIBINISH NF87NW 11 NMRS NF Non-designated DUN (POSSIBLE); CUP-MARKINGS Unknown Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 49

10 ID Name NMRS No. Source NGR Status Type Date Condition Recommendation Location 184 NORTH UIST, EILEAN HOLSTA, OBAN SKIBINISH NF87NW 10 NMRS NF Non-designated DUN Unknown Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 185 OBAN SGIOBANAIS Fieldwalking NF Non-designated FIELD BOUNDARY 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 186 OBAN SGIOBANAIS Fieldwalking NF Non-designated BUILDINGS 18th-20th C Poor Nil Coast edge & Foreshore 187 OBAN SGIOBANAIS Fieldwalking NF Non-designated ENCLOSURE 18th-20th C Poor Monitor Coast edge & Foreshore 188 NORTH UIST, GARRY SKIBINISH NF87SW 14 NMRS NF Non-designated BUILDING Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 50

11 NORTH UIST MAP 4 - BUILT HERITAGE AND ARCHAEOLOGY Hornais to Sgiobanais Reproduced with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Contoller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office, Crown copyright. Archaeology Ltd, Old Engine House, Eskmills Park, Musselburgh EH21 7PQ AL SEE MAP 3 SEE MAP km Scale 1:25,000 SOUTH HARRIS LEGEND BERNERAY Protected Ancient Monument, or area of designated wreck Listed Historic Building Other known Ancient Monuments, or Undesignated wreck BENBECULA NORTH UIST Loch Carnan T H E L I T T L E M I N C H W E S T E R N I S L E S ISLE OF SKYE Dunvegan Crown Copyright. All rights reserved [Historic Scotland] [ ][2005] 51